intersects of climate, land use, energy and water in the u.s. as addressed in the national climate...
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![Page 1: Intersects of climate, land use, energy and water in the U.S. as addressed in the National Climate Assessment CLA’s: Kathy A. Hibbard and Tom Wilson LA’s:](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e385503460f94b28ca2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Intersects of climate, land use, energy and water in the U.S. as addressed in the National Climate Assessment
CLA’s: Kathy A. Hibbard and Tom Wilson
LA’s: Kristen Averyt, Robert Harriss, Robin Newmark, Steven Rose, Elena Shevliakova and Vincent Tidwell
5 February, 2013
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A Word (or two) on Carbon
1. Carbon is a currency for energy – from production (e.g., emissions) to consumption (e.g., buildings, land use)
2. Carbon and water are intimately linked
3. Understanding and quantifying carbon cycle dynamics and budgets is needed for appropriate analyses from driving forces to impacts, vulnerability and risk assessment.
For interactions of biogeochemical cycles and climate from the NCA see chapter 15 at: http://ncadac.globalchange.gov/
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Key Messages
1. Energy, land, and water systems interact in many ways. Climate change affects the individual sectors and their interactions; the combination of these factors affects climate vulnerability as well as adaptation and mitigation options for different regions of the country.
2. The dependence of energy systems on land availability and water supplies will influence their development and constrain some options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Jointly considering risks, vulnerabilities, and opportunities associated with energy, water, and land use is difficult, but can improve the analysis of options for reducing climate change impacts.
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Energy, land, and water systems interact in many ways
Wat
er
Quality Im
pacts
Nutrient Loading
Ponds
Lakes
Rivers
Streams
Fre
shB
rack
ish/
Sal
ine
New Water
Desalination
Sno
wP
ack G
roun
d W
ater
s
Surfa
ce W
ater
s
Land
Forest &
Grasslands
Agriculture
Cropland
Pasture C
AFO
Urb
an,
Co
mm
ercial &
Industria
l Mun
icip
alS
olid
Was
teD
eser
t & S
crub
Oth
er
Energy
Pow
er Grid
Win
d, S
olar &
Geo
therm
al
Pow
er Gen
HydroP
ower
Generation
Biofuels
& BioPower Fossil &Nuclear
Thermal Power
Generation
From Skaggs and Hibbard, 2012
Climate Variability
And Change
LAND FOR WATER►Water-Capture & Watershed►Ground Cover Vegetation►Hydro-Geology►Ecosystems
LAND FOR ENERGY►Infrastructure▪dams/reservoirs▪mines/wells ▪power plants▪solar & wind farms▪power lines▪pipelines▪railways▪refineries▪biomass feedstock & biofuels production►CCS►Energy Mineral Deposits
WATER FOR LAND ►Forests & Ecosystems►Crop & Animal Agriculture►Mining/Energy Extraction►Industrial, Municipal, Commercial & ResidentialWATER FOR ENERGY ►Extraction►Cooling►Processing►Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS)ENERGY FOR LAND►Development ►Transportation ►Economic Productivity►Resource Extraction & ConversionENERGY FOR WATER►Pumping►Transport►Treatment ►Conditioning
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Climate, Drought and Energy:Impacts on Individual Sectors and Interactions
In Texas, local gas shale production shut down in 2011 and crop failures continued through 2012
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Water Use for Electricity Generation
Macknick et al. 2010
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Averyt et al. 2011
Water for Energy: Already Stressed?
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Regional Characteristics:Drought, Heat, Energy and LandIn the Northeast, thermo-electric power plants experienced de-ratings in summer of 2012 due to elevated water temperatures exceeding EPA regulations.
Rising river temperatures and power plant de-ratings in 2012.
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Regional Characteristics: Land, Energy and Water Competition between energy and food? Utility scale requirements for renewables?
Food before fuel is a state issue
USDA, BIOtechNOW (2012)
Corn in Belleville, IL Bloomberg (2012)
The climate wrench
Renewables and land constraints
SoCal connected (2012) Brightsource & desert tortoise
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Regional Characteristics: The PNW - Land, Energy and Water
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Climate Impacts: Northwest ▪ Reduced summer stream flows ▪ Reduced forest production ▪ Reduced Salmon production ▪ Coastal erosion
Regional Characteristics: National View - Land, Energy and Water
Climate Impacts: Northeast ▪ Inc. heat waves/reduced air quality ▪ Inc. variability in water resources ▪ Inc. growing season ▪ Inc. threat to native species
Climate Impacts: Southwest
▪ Inc. flooding risk to infrastructure▪ Inc. water stress▪ Inc. vegetation change▪ Reduced forming, tourism and urban growth
Climate Impacts: Great Plains▪ Rural to urban migration▪ Reduced water resources▪ Reduced farming and ranching
Climate Impacts: Midwest
▪ Inc. heat waves/ reduced air quality▪ Storm and sea level induced flooding▪ Reduced agricultural prod.▪ Reduced fisheries and tourism
Climate Impacts: Southeast
▪ Strom/sea level damage of infrastructure▪ Reduced water availability▪ Ecosystem impacts▪ Reduced quality of life
Climate Impacts: Alaska ▪ Thawing permafrost damage oninfrastructure ▪ Decreased soil moisture ▪ Vegetation Change ► Inc. growing season
Climate Impacts: Hawaii ▪ Strom/sea level damage of infrastructure▪ Reduced freshwater availability ▪ Coastal and fisheries ecosystem damage
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DRAFT
SUMMARY
There are no silver bullets or simple answers
The intersects of land, energy and water have unique regional characteristics: both with regard to constraints and endowments
Informed decisions regarding tradeoffs and consequences for mitigation and adaption must include integrated frameworks and campaigns (e.g., NGEE, CARVE, ABOVE) that account for:
Decision making criteria
Physical, biological, social, economic and energy system processes
New observations that account for human processes
COMPROMISE
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THANK YOU!
NCA chapters are available for public comment until April 12, 2013 from:
http://ncadac.globalchange.gov/
5 February, 2013
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