interpretation transcriptions, texts and
TRANSCRIPT
Tra
nscr
ipti
ons,
Tex
ts a
nd I
nter
pret
atio
n
Thi
s pa
per
does
not
dea
l w
ith
Win
gens
tein
's p
hilo
soph
y, n
or d
oes
it s
peak
ab
out
his
Nac
hlas
s. R
athe
r, i
t di
scus
ses
one
aspe
ct o
f m
akin
g hi
s N
achl
ass
acce
ssib
le to
mac
hine
pro
cess
ing:
com
pute
r ai
ded
tran
scri
ptio
n, a
s it
is d
one
at
the
Wit
tgen
stei
n A
rchi
ves
at th
e U
nive
rsit
y of
Ber
gen
(WA
B).
Thi
s di
scus
sion
in
volv
es q
uest
ions
abo
ut te
xt re
pres
enta
tion
and
text
in g
ener
al.
The
term
s "t
rans
crib
e" a
nd "
tran
scri
ptio
n" a
re o
ften
und
erst
ood
as t
he p
m-
cess
of
mak
ing
- by
wri
ting
- M
exa
ct r
epre
sent
atio
n of
a d
ocum
ent,
text
, etc
. C
onse
quen
tly
it m
ay b
e sa
id t
hat
the
nim
of
tran
scri
ptio
n is
to
repr
esen
t th
e or
igin
al a
s co
rrec
tly
as p
ossi
ble.
How
ever
, I w
ould
arg
ue &
at tr
ansc
ript
ion
- in
part
icul
ar tr
ansc
ript
ion
as it
is d
one ot W
AB
-is
a m
uch
mor
e co
mpl
ex p
mce
ss
than
"to
repr
esen
t the
ori
gina
l man
uscr
ipts
as
corr
ectl
y as
pos
sibl
e".
The
fol
low
ing
disc
ussi
on w
ill
ther
efor
e fi
rstl
y fo
cus
on t
he q
uest
ions
"w
hat
is tr
ansc
ript
ion?
" an
d "w
hat
is t
he a
im o
f tr
ansc
ript
ion?
". S
econ
dly
I w
ill c
on-
side
r in
mor
e de
tail
the
que
stio
n of
tra
nscr
ipti
on a
nd i
nter
pret
atio
n. W
e m
ust
reco
gniz
e th
at t
rans
crip
tion
wor
k in
volv
es a
mng
e of
dif
fere
nt i
nter
pret
atio
nal
acti
viti
es,
whi
ch n
eed
to b
e di
stin
guis
hed
in o
rder
to
unde
rsta
nd I
nnsc
ript
ion
wor
k pr
oper
ly a
nd a
void
pro
blem
s an
d in
cons
iste
ncie
s in
this
wo
rk
Bot
h pa
tis
of m
y pa
per
serv
e to
illu
strn
te th
e fo
llow
ing
gene
ral p
oint
: T
mn-
sc
ribi
ng is
not
cop
ying
, but
- a
s te
xt-e
dito
rial
wor
k in
gen
eral
- ra
ther
sel
ecti
ng
and
inte
rpre
ting
. Any
edi
tion
of
Wit
tgen
stei
n is
in a
str
ong
sens
e a
resu
lt o
f in
- te
rpre
tati
on.
Our
onl
y op
tion
is
to f
orm
aliz
e in
terp
reta
tion
, and
to
mak
e it
ex-
pl
icit
The
aim
of
tran
scri
ptio
n ha
s of
ten
been
def
med
as
"to
repr
esen
t the
ori
gina
l m
anus
crip
ts a
s co
rrec
tly
as p
ossi
ble"
. T
his
need
s a
clar
ific
atio
n, th
eref
ore
let u
s ,
ask
som
e qu
esti
ons:
W
hat d
oes
"as
corr
ectl
y as
poss
ible
" m
ean?
Wha
t is
the
crit
erio
n of
cor
rect
- ne
ss?
And
wha
t doe
s "t
o re
pres
ent"
mea
n? T
o re
pres
ent i
n w
hich
med
ium
? I
thin
k, t
he e
ssen
tial
que
stio
n is
not
abo
ut a
hue
rep
rese
ntat
ion,
but
: W
hom
do
we
wan
t to
ser
ve w
ith
our
tran
scri
ptio
ns?
Phi
loso
pher
s? G
ram
mar
ians
? O
r gr
apho
logi
sts?
Wha
t is
"co
rrec
t" w
ill d
epen
d on
the
ans
wer
to
this
que
stio
n.
And
wha
t w
e are
actu
ally
goi
ng to
rep
rese
nt, a
nd h
ow, i
s de
term
ined
by
our r
e-
sear
ch in
tere
sts
(phi
loso
phic
nl, g
amm
atic
al,
phil
olog
ical
, gra
phol
ogic
al ...
in-
tere
sts)
, and
not
by
a te
xt, w
hich
exi
sts
inde
pend
entl
y an
d w
hich
we are
goin
g to
dep
ict.
In o
ur h
.ans
crip
tion
wor
k at
WA
B w
e do
not
for
exa
mpl
e di
stin
guis
h be
- tw
een
feat
ures
of
hand
wri
ting
suc
h as
con
vex
and
conc
ave
"r"s
, o
r th
e po
siti
on
of t
he d
ot o
ver t
he "
i". W
e do
not
rec
ord
the
endi
ngs
of a
line
, and
we
repr
esen
t on
ly a
few
gra
mm
atic
al el
emen
ts o
f th
e te
xt A
ll th
is w
ould
be
poss
ible
, but
you
m
ight
say
: It
is o
f nw
rele
vanc
e to
dis
ting
uish
suc
h fe
atur
es. H
owev
er, t
he f
act
is, w
e ha
ve d
ecid
ed;w
hat
is re
leva
nt f
or u
s an
d w
hat n
ot
We
have
mad
e ce
rtai
n de
cisi
ons
abou
t wha
t a
tran
scri
ptio
n sh
ould
con
tain
, and
the
se a
re i
n an
swer
to
our i
dea
of w
hose
inte
rest
s we
serv
e.
Eve
n so
, ou
r de
cisi
ons are
not
fmal
, or
at l
east
, oug
ht n
ot t
o be
. W
e co
uld,
fo
r ex
ampl
e, in
sert
all l
ine
endi
ngs;
our
rea
son
for
not
doin
g th
is a
t pre
sent
is
not
that
it
mig
ht n
ot h
e of
im
port
ance
to
som
eone
, but
rat
her,
tha
t it
doe
s no
t be
long
to o
ur c
urre
nt in
tere
sts.
Thi
s ag
ain
also
has
to d
o w
ith p
ract
ical
que
stio
ns
such
as
fina
ncin
g, ti
me
sche
dule
s et
c. A
s yo
u ca
n im
agin
e, m
akin
g a
reco
rd o
f al
l the
line
end
ings
is a
n ex
bem
ely
tim
e co
nsum
ing
tark
. T
he s
ign
of a
goo
d tr
ansc
ript
ion
syst
em i
s th
at i
t ha
s ex
tens
ibil
ity.
Thi
s m
eans
tha
t it
sho
uld
be p
ossi
ble
to r
evis
e an
d ad
just
the
sys
tem
to
serv
e ne
w
inte
rest
s as
and
whe
n th
ey a
rise
. Thu
s w
e ch
oose
to t
rans
crib
e ce
rtai
n th
ings
at
an e
arly
sta
ge b
ow
ing
that
we
can
incl
ude
othe
r thi
ngs
late
r if
nece
ssar
y. W
hat
we
choo
se to
incl
ude
init
iall
y is
als
o de
term
ined
by
wha
t is
easi
er to
dis
ting
uish
w
hile
em
ened
in th
e te
xt T
he in
sert
ion
of c
odes
for
wor
dcln
sses
, for
exa
mpl
e,
wou
ld b
e a
sim
ple
task
mor
e ea
sily
per
form
ed a
fter
war
ds, w
here
as t
he d
isti
nc-
tion
betw
een
diff
eren
t us
es o
f pa
rent
hese
s is
bes
t do
ne d
urin
g th
e in
itia
l tr
an-
scri
ptio
n pr
oces
s.
With
thes
e co
nsid
erat
ions
in m
ind
1 co
nclu
de: O
ur a
im in
tra
nscr
ipti
on is
not
to
rep
rese
nt a
s co
rrec
tly
as p
ossi
ble
the
orig
inal
s, h
ut r
athe
r to
pre
pare
fm
m th
e or
igin
al te
xt a
noth
er te
xt s
o as
to s
erve
as
accu
rate
iy a
s po
ssib
le c
erta
in i
nter
ests
in
the
tex
t W
e do
not
wan
t to
prod
uce
a ph
otog
raph
of
the
orig
inal
-th
is is
the
fu
ncti
on o
f a
facs
imil
e. "
As
corr
ectl
y as
pos
sibl
e" c
an o
nly
mea
n: "
as c
orre
ctly
as
pos
sibl
e in
rel
atio
n (i
n an
swer
) to
cert
ain
rese
arch
inte
rest
s".
Wha
t the
se in
tere
sts
are,
with
reg
nrd
to t
he w
ork
done
at W
AB
, I w
ill p
rese
nt
in th
e se
cond
pm
of t
his p
aper
.
To
tran
scri
be a
text
acc
ordi
ng to
spe
cifi
c in
tere
sts
will
req
uire
tha
t th
ose
in-
tere
sts
be c
lear
ly s
erve
d by
dif
fere
nt c
onve
ntio
ns, e
.g.
diff
eren
t cod
es. T
he a
p-
plic
atio
n of
the
se c
onve
ntio
ns p
resu
ppos
es i
n tu
rn a
var
iety
of
dif
fere
nt
inte
rpre
tati
onal
de
cisi
ons.
F
or
exam
ple,
to
id
enti
fy
the
stri
ng
DLE
AB
HA
ND
LU
NG
as
an i
nscr
ipti
on w
hich
bea
rs a
mea
ning
req
uire
s a
diff
eren
t in
terp
reta
tion
al s
tand
poin
t and
kno
wle
dge
than
is
requ
ired
whe
n en
codi
ng it
as
an in
tert
extu
al re
fere
nce
to W
ittg
enst
ein'
s "A
bhnn
dlun
g", t
he T
ract
atus
, or
as a
va
rian
t to
ME
INB
UC
H.
Wha
t are
the
diff
eren
t int
eres
ts - o
n a
mac
ro l
evel
- w
e at
WA
B f
ocus
on
whe
n tr
ansc
ribi
mg
Wit
tgen
stei
n's
man
uscr
ipts
? (a
) A f
unda
men
tal a
spec
t of
tran
scri
ptio
n is
that
of
grap
hic
tran
scri
ptio
n.
Thi
s m
eans
tha
t w
e tr
ansc
ribe
"aV
s as
"ans
, "V
s as
"b
s, "
c"s as "
cns e
tc.,
sect
ions
as
sect
ions
, del
eted
text
as
dele
ted,
inse
rted
text
as
inse
rted
, etc
. But
al-
re
ady
here
the
sel
ecti
ve e
lem
ent
beco
mes
obv
ious
, be
caus
e w
e do
not
rec
ord
that
the
sin
gle
hand
wri
tten
let
ters
loo
k di
ffer
ent,
that
the
line
s w
hich
str
ike'
out
te
xt c
an v
ary
sign
ific
antl
y et
c. A
tot
ally
fai
thfu
l gr
aphi
c tr
ansc
ript
ion
is n
ot
poss
ible
, nei
ther
is it
des
irab
le.'
Spe
akin
g of
pp
hic
tran
scri
ptio
n w
e m
ust m
ake
a po
int w
hich
con
cern
s th
e ro
le o
f pe
rcep
tion
. W
hen
tran
scri
bing
, on
e fi
rst
trie
s to
pp
th
e w
ritte
n w
ord
as a
Ges
talt
, and
not
as
a se
quen
ce o
f si
ngle
lett
ers.
Ver
y of
ten
- in
part
icul
ar
whe
n tr
ansc
ribi
ng W
ittg
enst
ein'
s se
cret
cod
e pa
ssag
es -
we
cann
ot s
ee w
hat t
he
sing
le le
tter
s are
unti
l th
e w
hole
wor
d ha
s be
en g
aspe
d. B
ut th
is k
ind
of i
nter
- pr
etat
ion
in th
e re
adin
g of
wor
ds a
nd s
ingl
e le
tter
s is
qui
te d
iffe
rent
from
the
in-
terp
reta
tion
invo
lved
in th
e en
codi
ng o
f a
titl
e as
a ti
tle.
@
) T
he n
ext
tran
scri
ptio
n ac
tivi
ty I
wan
t to
dis
ting
uish
is
synt
acti
c tr
an-
scri
ptio
n.
Syn
tact
ic tr
ansc
ript
ion
has
the
part
icul
ar a
im o
f pr
ovid
ing
for t
ext p
roce
ssin
g w
hich
pro
duce
s a
synt
acti
call
y w
ell-
form
ed te
xt.
In o
rder
to m
eat
this
req
uire
- m
ent
of w
ell-
form
edne
ss w
e of
ten
have
to
rear
rang
e th
e te
xt I
n th
e ca
se o
f an
in
sert
ion
outs
ide
regu
lar
line
s w
hich
add
s te
xt t
o th
e te
xt i
n li
ne,
for
exam
ple.
w
e w
iU h
ave
to i
nclu
de t
he in
sert
ed t
ext i
n th
e li
ne.
How
ever
, doi
ng s
o, w
e do
no
t fo
rget
abo
ut t
he p
rinc
iple
of
grap
hic
eans
aipt
ion
and,
in t
his
case
, enc
ode
the
text
in a
ddit
ion
as i
nser
ted
outs
ide
regu
lar
line
(e.
g. in
thg
upp
er m
arpi
n of
th
e pa
ge).
T
here
is
a fu
ndam
enta
l di
ffer
ence
bet
wee
n p
ph
ic a
nd s
ynta
ctic
tran
scri
p-
tion.
A g
raph
ic tr
ansc
ript
ion
of
I* - FlNE
I ~
houl
d mak
e it
clcnr
that
o
fncsimile
does
not fdl
unde
r th
c no
tion
of
"tm
nscr
ipdo
n", ns
it is
und
erst
ood hue.
Tra
mri
pri
on
r, Tear
on
dln
rerp
rero
fio
n
whe
re A
M i
s de
lete
d an
d FE
EL
ins
erte
d ab
ove
wou
ld m
ean
the
enco
ding
of
the
dele
ted
text
as
dele
ted
and
the
inse
rted
tex
t as
ins
elte
d, a
nd m
ight
loo
k as
fo
llow
s: I cd
el/A
lvl>
<ins
- FI
NE
But
to e
ncod
e th
e sa
me
text
syn
tact
ical
ly le
ads
to s
omet
hing
qui
te d
iffe
rent
: S
ince
we
prob
ably
all
n?d
erst
and
the
inse
rted
wor
d F
EE
L as
re
plac
ing
the
dele
ted
wor
d A
M, w
e sh
6uld
- acc
ordi
ng to
the
req
uire
men
t of
wel
l-fo
rmed
ness
-e
mbe
d th
e el
emen
ts in
a s
ubst
itut
ion
code
whi
ch th
en s
ugge
sts
a ce
rtai
n re
la-
tion
bet
wee
n th
em, n
amel
y th
e re
lati
on o
f su
bsti
tuti
on (
whi
ch m
ight
be
repr
e-
sent
ed a
s fo
llow
s):
I [s
ubst
lAM
I FE
EL
] FIN
E
Wha
t WA
B d
oes
is b
oth,
gra
phic
and
syn
tact
ic tr
ansc
ript
ion:
I [s
ubsU
<del
/AM
>I &/FEEL>]
FINE
Ano
ther
exa
mpl
e of
syn
tact
ic tr
ansc
ript
ion
is th
e fo
llow
ing:
I cde
V<
npc/
'lF>
> L
IKE
CO
WS
The
del
eted
wor
d IF
doe
s no
t fo
rm a
par
t of
the
synt
acti
c co
ntex
t, th
eref
ore
it is
enc
oded
by
"ap
t/ ... /n
po
W (= n
otpa
rt o
f co
ntex
t), a
syn
tact
ic c
ode.
Thi
s is
in
con
hast
to c
ases
suc
h as
ILIK
E f
fIG
CO
WS
whi
ch c
an h
e tr
ansc
ribe
d - p
urel
y gr
aphi
call
y - a
s
I LIK
E <
del/B
IG>
CO
WS
The
incl
usio
n of
BIG
doe
s no
t con
flic
t with
the
req
uire
men
t of
wel
l-fo
rmed
- ne
ss,
sinc
e BI
G c
an f
orm
a p
art
of t
he s
ynta
ctic
con
text
and
has
no
repl
acin
g hm
ctio
n.
How
ever
, it
is o
ften
left
to
the
tran
scri
ber
to d
ecid
e w
heth
er a
cer
tzin
int
er-
line
ar s
hing
is a
n ad
diti
on to
the
text
or r
athe
r a s
ubst
itut
ion.
A
n an
alys
is o
f W
AB
's t
rans
crip
tion
sho
ws
that
cod
es w
hich
fal
l un
der
the
"syn
tact
ic tr
ansc
ript
ionM
-cat
egor
y cons
titu
te a
larg
e pa
rt o
f th
e co
des
used
in
the
tran
scri
ptio
ns, w
hich
in re
turn
mea
ns th
at th
is ty
pe o
f tr
ansc
ribe
r's in
terp
reta
tion
is
hig
hly
pres
ent i
n th
e tr
ansc
ript
ions
. WA
B's
tran
scri
ptio
ns a
re th
eref
ore
muc
h m
ore
than
an
ad li
tera
rim
tran
scri
ptio
n: th
ey d
o pr
ovid
e fo
r acc
urat
e di
plom
atic
pr
into
ub,
but
they
als
o al
low
for
the
pos
sibi
lity
of
prin
tout
s of
wel
l-fo
rmed
te
xfs.
(c
) A th
ud ty
pe o
f en
codi
ng is
nor
mal
izat
ion
of o
rtho
grap
hy.
Alo
is P
ichl
er
I€ w
e ai
m a
t bei
ng a
ble
to p
rodu
ce b
oth
wha
t we
cal
l dip
lom
ntic
and
nor
mal
- iz
ed p
rint
outs
fro
m t
he v
ery
sam
e tr
ansc
ript
ion,
the
tra
nscr
iptio
n fi
le h
as t
o pr
ovid
e th
e ba
sis
for
both
, th
is m
eans
in
the
case
of
orth
ogra
phic
al e
rror
s th
at
both
the
auth
entic
and
the
norm
aliz
ed v
ersi
ons
will
be
acce
ssib
le.
(d)
A f
ourt
h ac
tivity
inc
lude
s th
e ap
plic
atio
n of
cod
es f
or d
ocum
enta
tion
of
the source.
The
se c
odes
con
tain
info
rmat
ion
conc
erni
ng m
ater
ial m
atte
n su
ch a
s si
ze o
f th
e or
igin
al,
wri
ting
med
ium
, dif
fere
nt h
ands
, as
wel
l as
info
rmat
ion
abou
t the
hi
stor
y of
the
ori
gina
l, it
s or
igin
and
dat
es,
and
refe
renc
es t
o ca
talo
gues
. Thi
s pr
esup
pose
s kn
owle
dge
of th
e so
urce
. (e
) A
fif
th g
ou
p c
once
rns
docu
men
tatio
n of
the
use
of
the
code
sys
tem
in
the
uans
crip
tion
wor
k an
d ua
nscr
iber
s' e
xpla
natio
ns a
nd c
omm
ents
on
the
text
, th
e tr
ansc
ript
ion
proc
ess
nnd
the
use
of th
e co
de s
yste
m.
Sin
ce th
e co
de s
yste
m i
s a
refl
ecti
on o
f w
ork
in p
rogr
ess
whi
ch i
s up
date
d tim
e an
d ag
ain,
the
spe
cifi
cati
on o
f th
e sy
stem
use
d w
ill c
onta
in i
mpo
rtan
t in-
fo
rmat
ion
for
any
furt
her
wor
k w
ith t
he tr
ansc
ript
ions
. It
mig
ht e
.g.
be th
at th
e tr
ansc
ribe
r ha
s di
ffic
ulty
app
lyin
g ce
rtai
n co
des
(fol
low
ing
up c
erta
in in
tere
sts)
in
a c
erta
in m
anus
crip
t T
hese
mat
ters
nee
d pr
oper
doc
umen
tatio
n an
d ex
plan
a-
tion;
they
mig
ht in
the
mse
lves
lead
to f
urth
er c
hang
es in
the
code
sys
tem
. T
his
pu
p w
ould
als
o co
ntai
n co
des
indi
cati
ng u
ncer
tain
ty r
egar
ding
the
co
rrec
mes
s of
the
enc
odin
g its
elf,
cod
es f
or n
ot c
lear
ly le
gibl
e pa
ssag
es, c
odes
fo
r tex
t whi
ch c
anno
t be
deci
pher
ed a
t all
etc.
Som
e te
xt p
assa
ges
mig
ht b
e ve
ry
diff
icul
t or
impo
ssib
le t
o tr
ansc
ribe
: he
re t
he t
rans
crib
er w
ill m
ake
a co
mm
ent
whi
ch re
fers
the
user
bac
k to
the
ori
gina
l. So
met
imes
text
phe
nom
ena
need
an
expl
anat
ion
whi
ch th
e tr
ansc
ribe
r - s
ince
he
has
wor
ked
intim
atel
y w
ith t
he t
ext - m
ight
be
able
to
give
, and
whi
ch th
e us
er m
ight
app
reci
ate.
In
the
case
of
WA
B t
his
does
not
im
ply
philo
soph
ical
co
mm
enta
ries
on
the
text
, but
rat
her
info
rmat
ion
abou
t suc
h th
ings
as
part
icul
ar
orth
ogra
phic
hab
its
or th
e au
thor
's u
se o
f m
arke
n.
(0 A
noth
er t
ype
of i
nter
pret
atio
n is
aga
in i
nvol
ved
in w
hat
we
call
dis
am-
bigu
atio
n: W
AB
's c
ode
syst
em p
rovi
des
poss
ibili
ties
for
qsti
ngui
shin
g be
twee
n di
ffer
ent f
unct
ions
of
the
sam
e gr
aph.
The
refo
re t
he t
rans
crib
er i
s re
quir
ed t
o di
stin
guis
h w
hate
ver
shou
ld a
nd c
an h
e di
stin
guis
hed within p
ract
ical
lim
its.
Par
enth
eses
in
Witt
gens
tein
's N
achl
ass,
for
exa
mpl
e, c
an h
ave
quite
dif
fere
nt
func
tions
@si
des
the
conv
entio
nal
use:
e.g
. su
gges
ting
a de
letio
n, in
dica
ting
a po
ssib
le s
ubst
itutio
n et
c.);
hen
ce p
aren
thes
es w
ith d
iffe
rent
fun
ctio
ns s
houl
d be
di
sam
biya
ted
and
enco
ded
diff
eren
tly.
(g)
A f
inal
typ
e of
enc
odin
g se
rves
the
ret
riev
al a
nd a
naly
sis
of v
ario
us
Tm
mcr
ipti
om
, Ter
tr a
nd h
serp
reto
rio
n
kind
s, s
uch
as in
dexa
tion.
The
se c
odes
con
cern
am
ong
othe
r thi
ngs
the
regi
stra
- tio
n of
com
posi
tiona
l fea
ture
s an
d in
tem
xtua
lily
. W
hat
I m
ean
by i
nter
text
ualit
y is
cod
er w
hich
rec
ord
inte
rnal
and
ext
erna
l re
fere
nces
, nam
es o
f pe
rson
s, r
efer
ence
s to
pub
lishe
d w
orks
, rel
atio
ns t
o ot
her
man
uscr
ipts
etc
., as
mad
e by
eit
her t
he a
utho
r or
the
tran
scri
ber.
Suc
h co
des
al-
low
for
hyp
erlin
ks w
hich
gui
de y
ou t
o va
rian
ts in
oth
er m
anus
crip
ts e
tc.
Com
posi
tion
al r
egis
mti
on i
mpl
ies
dist
ingu
ishi
ng d
iffe
rent
typ
es o
f te
xt
with
in th
e m
anus
cri&
e.g
. whe
re s
omet
hing
func
tions
as
a pr
efac
e to
lab
el it
as
such
, and
sim
ilarl
y fo
r the
an
tho
h o
wn
mis
cella
ny, e
dito
rial
insh
ucti
ons,
title
s,
cont
ent t
able
s et
c.
The
cla
ssif
icat
ion
of i
nter
pret
atio
n ty
pes
as p
rese
nted
her
e is
by
no m
eans
ex
haus
tive
in r
elat
ion
to te
xt e
ncod
ing
in g
ener
al. T
he c
lass
ific
atio
n do
es n
ot f
or
exam
ple
incl
ude
a se
t of
cod
es f
or g
ram
mat
ical
enc
odin
g or
for
sub
ject
inde
x-
ing.
Nei
ther
are
the
code
s of
WA
B's
tran
scri
ptio
n st
anda
rd e
xhau
stiv
e in
the
ir
part
icul
ar a
reas
: it
wou
ld f
or e
xam
ple
be e
asy
to d
istin
guis
h fu
rthe
r gr
aphi
cally
be
twee
n di
ffer
ent k
inds
of
dele
tions
. In
ord
er to
pro
vide
for
con
sist
ent a
nd s
moo
th tr
ansc
ript
ion
wor
k, i
t is
wis
e to
ke
ep t
hese
cat
egor
ies
as m
uch
apar
t fro
m e
ach
othe
r as
pos
sibl
e. w
hich
mea
ns
that
the
sin
gle
type
s m
ust b
e ex
trac
tabl
e w
ithou
t he
reby
int
erfe
ring
with
oth
er
type
s. F
rom
thi
s it
fol
low
s e.
g. t
hat
it i
s ne
cess
ary
to e
ncod
e va
rian
ts w
hich
at
the
sam
e ti
me
are
inse
rtio
ns,
both
as
vari
ants
and
as
inse
rtio
ns -
sin
ce t
he
grnp
hic
leve
l sha
ll he
kep
t apa
rt fr
om th
e sy
ntac
tic le
vel.
The
con
clus
ion
from
thes
e co
nsid
erat
ions
abo
ut t
rans
crip
tion
wor
k at
WA
B
is th
at tr
ansc
ript
ion
wor
k is
ess
entia
lly s
elec
tive
and
inte
rpre
tatio
nal
in n
atur
e,
mor
eove
r, th
at a
ny te
xt e
ditin
g w
ork
is in
terp
reta
tiona
l w
ork.
Edi
ting
Witt
gen-
st
ein'
s N
achl
ass
in b
ook
fonn
pre
sent
s th
e sa
me
type
s of
int
erpr
etat
iona
l pr
nb-
lem
s as
are
enc
ount
ered
in
prep
arin
g an
ele
ctro
nic
edit
ion.
The
dif
fere
nce
be-
twee
n a
book
edi
tion
and
an
elec
tron
ic e
ditio
n li
es, h
owev
er, i
n an
ele
ctro
nic
editi
on's
pot
entia
l to
be
able
to m
ake
the
type
s of
int
erpr
etal
ion
- an
d th
eir
dif-
fe
renc
es - e
xplic
it an
d ex
trac
tabl
e, t
o gi
ve th
e us
er th
e po
ssib
ility
to
choo
se b
e-
twee
n th
e di
ffer
ent
leve
ls o
f in
terp
reta
tion
, an
d to
rea
lize
the
m i
n di
ffer
ent
way
s: e
.g.:
to c
hoos
e an
ad
litem
tim p
rint
out
rath
er t
han
a no
rmal
ized
one
, but
at
the
sam
e tim
e ha
ve te
xt, w
hich
was
ori
gina
lly u
nder
lined
, pr
inte
d in
ita
lics.
W
ith r
egar
d to
the
se d
eman
ds a
mac
hine
-rea
dabl
e ve
rsio
n ha
s co
nsid
erab
le a
d-
vant
ages
ove
r a b
ook
editi
on.
Alo
is P
ichl
er
Har
ald
HM
agre
sgt 3
1 T
he W
ittge
nste
in A
rchi
ves
N-5
007
Ber
gen
Uni
vers
ity o
f B
erge
n N
oway