interpretation of lung pathology mma kareem-edu publish
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MMA Kareem, USM, KB, Malaysia-EduPublish
INTERPRETATION OF LUNG PATHOLOGY
Prof Madya Dr. Hj. M. Abdul Kareem ©Universiti Sains Malaysia
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Interpretation of Pathology
Pulmonary disorders can be detected on CXR because of the difference in the radiographic density between the normally aerated lung and the diseased lung.
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ABNORMAL OPACITIES ON CXR
*Consolidation*Collapse (atelectasis)
*Nodules/ masses*Interstitial opacities*Free or loculated pleural fluid*Ring-cavitary/cystic
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CONSOLIDATION
- It is due to the replacement of air in the distal airways and alveoli by fluid (transudate, exudate including eosinophilic exudate, blood) or rarely tissue/ tumour cells without destroying the lung parenchyma.
- Consolidation produces an area of increased radio-opacity
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Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia-community acquired
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Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia
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MMA Kareem, USM, KB, Malaysia-EduPublishPTB
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Ac. Pulmonary oedema –alveolar pattern
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Interstitial Pneumonitis
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COLLAPSE / ATELACTASIS
A consequent of the airway obstruction (main stem, lobar or a segmental) by an intraluminal, mural or an extramural lesions.
Air in the lung distal to the obstruction is gradually reabsorbed by the pulmonary circulation.
Radiographically causes a homogenous opacity
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Rt upper lobe collapse
minor fissure pulled upward
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Triangular opacity of upper lobe collapse
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Rt middle lobe collapse seen as a wedge shape opacity
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Rt LL collapse causing increase opacity over the lower thoracic spine
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NODULAR OPACITY/MASSES
well defined opacities –d/t infiltration of foreign substance or pathogen or tumour cells into the alveolar/interstitium
essentially “spherical” in shape may be single or multiple variable in sizes Masses -nodules that are more
than 3 cm in diameter Miliary nodules -multiple small
nodules about 0.5- 2mm in diameter
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Rt hilar mass-Bronchogenic Ca
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Solitary pulmonary mass-eroding the posterior 8th rib
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Lt Hilar mass
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Terratodermoid tumor
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Multiple pulmonary masses-Metastases
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Multiple pulmonary Metastases-chorioCa
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Milliary nodules-Milliary TB
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RING-CYSTIC /CAVITARY OPACITIES
Annular opacities with a central transradiancy / lucency
due to cavitation (necrosis) of a nodule, mass or consolidation
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PTB
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Ct thorax-cystic bronchiectasis
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PLEURAL OPACITY
Pleural effusion: fluid within the pleural cavity
Pleural based mass- obtuse angle with the lung parenchyma
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MMA Kareem, USM, KB, Malaysia-EduPublishPleural effusion-meniscus sign
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Pleural based mass
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ABNORMAL TRANSRADIANCY/LUCENCY
1) Bullous emphysema- destruction of the lung parenchyma and forms a structureless air sac
2) Pneumothorax: air within the pleural cavity
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MMA Kareem, USM, KB, Malaysia-EduPublishFocal bullous emphysema
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MMA Kareem, USM, KB, Malaysia-EduPublishCt thorax-Focal bullous emphysema
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MMA Kareem, USM, KB, Malaysia-EduPublishLt tension pneumothorax
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