interpretation of framework...interpretation of design plans or model is sufficient for part (i)....

Framework Interpretation – Surveyor Framework

P a g e 1 | 19

COMMENTS ON INTERPRETATION OF THE SURVEYOR FRAMEWORK The information provided is intended as a guide only and should not be followed blindly. The document is intended to be used to provide some additional information on the general nature of the content and documentation that the assessors may require. Note: you are not required to provide all the documentation listed. UNIT 1: PERSONAL QUALITIES

Elements / Descriptors Minimum Requirements References / Comments

S 1.1 Possess a tertiary qualification in surveying Applicants will need to demonstrate that they:

i. Have completed a course of study of at least three years fulltime duration acceptable to the Surveyors Board of Queensland or have been previously registered as a Surveyor by the Surveyors Board of Queensland Refer to the notes column of the Competency Framework

Copy of degree (and accreditation letter if overseas degree)

S 1.2 Are professional in their dealings with the public Applicants will need to demonstrate that they: i. Have not conducted themselves in a

manner that erodes the public confidence in the profession

An absence of contrary evidence will be sufficient

Statement that you conduct yourself properly and are aware of no contrary evidence.


ii. Have not been unfair or unethical in their dealings with the public


Statement that you are fair and ethical and are aware of no contrary evidence.

S 1.3 Know and comply with published ethical codes Applicants will need to demonstrate that they: i. Understand and can explain the

Surveyors Board of Queensland’s Code of Practice for Surveyor

Provide an explanation of your understanding of the code and its purpose. Identify some elements of the code and relate them to specific jobs or general work practices. Consider 1.2, 2.2(c) & (e), 2.3(c) (f) (i) & (k), 2.5(d), 2.6, 2.8(d), 2.9

S 1.4 Keep their knowledge and skills current Applicants will need to demonstrate that they have made themselves aware of changes in surveying practice through activities such as: i. Attending continuing professional

development events

Log of events, certificates. Can include formal seminars, training courses, in-house training. Provide a short description, dates of event and at least on piece of evidence of attendance (certificate, receipt, letter of acceptance etc.)

ii. Reading literature relevant to surveying practice

Log of reading material. Provide a link to at least one online document.

S 1.5 Know what limitations apply to their work Applicants will need to demonstrate that they: i. Can describe the regulation of

surveying in Queensland See surveyors Act 2003

Describe the acts and regulations that apply to your role. Describe the purpose of the Surveyors Act and the Surveying and Mapping Infrastructure Act. Miners should also consider the role of the CMSH act for coal, MQSHA for metalliferous. Relate at least two sections from the legislation to an actual work situation. Describe the role of Surveyors Board (and CRSBANZ), DNRM and industry associations. Also consider relevant standards and guidance notes.

ii. Have not undertaken work beyond limits of personal skills and expertise


Identify supervision requirements of your role (refer to board website for supervision policy). A Statement that you do not work outside your limits and are aware of no contrary evidence will be sufficient.


UNIT 2: COLLECTION OF DATA AND MEASUREMENT


S 2.1 Collect data by measurement Applicants will need to demonstrate that they:

i. Use adequate redundant measurements to validate data

Describe the redundancies used in association with the methods of survey chosen. Demonstrate an understanding of the required redundancies and the tests used to validate the data. Quantify expected accuracy and the results obtained. Evidence may include field records, sketches of control / observations, analysis of results.

ii. Ensure measurements are legally traceable – Note: EDME baseline adequate Successful completion of EDME baseline comparison is required

Each applicant must personally carry out a range calibration. The calculation software supplied by DNRM (or software providing similar or better output) should be used in the testing of results. The evidence should include all field records, report identifying results, analysis of results and describe how any corrections are to be applied in subsequent surveys.

iii. Evaluate the various measurements methods and procedures available

Evidence of a variety of measurement methods in a variety of circumstances will be sufficient evidence

Identify the relevant project conditions and state why a particular method or instrument was chosen considering at least one other option. Demonstrating a variety of appropriate measurement methods is also acceptable by reporting more than one survey type that is appropriate for survey undertaken. Evidence may include instrument specifications / data sheets, comparison of project specifications to capabilities of instruments and methods (statistical tests)

iv. Assess the effectiveness of the measurement method adopted

Evidence of a variety of measurement methods in a variety of circumstances will be sufficient evidence

Actual survey example - Indicate that the method chosen met (or did not meet) the specifications or expectations identified for the methods chosen (quantify results, direct comparison from expectations to results). Demonstrating a variety of appropriate measurement methods is also acceptable. Evidence may include analysis of fieldwork, traverse closes results, least squares analysis results, comparing expectation to results, review of methods.


S 2.2 Search and acquire existing data Applicants will need to demonstrate that they are able to: i. Extract required information from

relevant geographic and land information records, survey data bases, and general information depositories

Either personally search or analyse search carried out by others to ensure adequate information selected. Include a description of software used to extract data and reliability of data extracted if appropriate. A variety of sources should be demonstrated including cadastral, control marks, services (DBYD), and internal company records. Evidence may include search listings from your software, smartmap, DBYD, Form 6, example Plans (not necessary all), example data from other sources. Miners should consider their role as custodians of data, retrieving site information from company records and other sources for information such as u/g services, bore holes, historical workings, lease boundaries etc.

S 2.3 Can use and maintain GNSS surveying instruments

There are two parts to element 2.3 – a. Demonstrate your working knowledge of the GNSS measurement

processes in relation to a CER. Consider each of the descriptors of 2.3 in relation to the specific example you are using.

b. Describe the broader principles in a short discussion (page or so) about alternative GNSS coordinates, principles, observation techniques, accuracies, sources of errors and uses of differential techniques. It is not necessary to discuss first principles of GNSS in detail but should focus on practical measurement methods. Refer to and or extract information from appropriate sources.

Applicants will need to demonstrate that they are able to: i. Define coordinate systems likely to

be encountered by GNSS users and calculate GNSS coordinates

CER demonstrates calculation of appropriate GNSS coordinates. Evidence may include extracts from recorded field data or results. Discussion page include MGA, historical and local coordinate systems. Discuss horizontal coordinates and heights. Refer to and or extract information from appropriate sources.

ii. Discuss the principles of GNSS observations

CER describes the principles of the method used. Evidence may include field records output reports. Discussion page include a paragraph on general principles, focus on practical measurement methods.

iii. Make observations using a GNSS receiver

CER describes a GNSS measurement process used. Evidence may include field records, output reports.


Discussion page include different options for output from GNSS receiver.

iv. Explain GNSS observations techniques, and calculate and evaluate levels of accuracy associated with GNSS observations

CER describes levels of accuracies set or achieved in the specific job. Evidence may include project specifications, instrument data sheets, analysis of achievable accuracy and accuracy achieved. Discussion page include observation techniques and related accuracies (see instrument data sheet).

v. Identify error sources in GNSS observations, and explain the uses and critical factors of differential GNSS techniques

CER describe the application of error management. Evidence may include extracts from standards e.g. SP1. Discussion page describe various error sources, methods used to minimise errors and limits of observation techniques. Discuss differential techniques.

Reference section 8.3 CSR – link https://www.dnrm.qld.gov.au/?a=105601

vi. Output GNSS observations in existing local co-ordinate systems including ground based systems

CER describe output in local coordinate systems. Evidence may include field records, localisation records, transformations used. Discussion page describe local coordinates and ground based systems, including heights.

CSR section 8.6

S 2.4 Apply quality assurance principles Applicants will need to demonstrate that they are able to: i. Comply with an accepted quality

assurance program

Demonstrate that you comply with a documented QS (quality system) or a significant component of a QS. If a documented system does not exist you may have to first develop a document that describes the undocumented QS or component of a QS that is being used. Compliance with a simple process checklist is insufficient unless the checklist is broad enough to cover a significant component of the QS (e.g. considers client instructions, checking of supplied information, production control, output checks and communicating results). Compliance may be demonstrated by using appropriate methods in CER and/or relating the identified process to a specific QS by way of a compliance audit. Evidence will include an extract or summary from QS and may include a compliance audit report, E-mails, checked plans, sketch plans, checklists etc.


ii. Rectify non-compliance with quality standards

Describe an appropriate corrective action or improvement to Quality System. This descriptor does not refer to identifying a mistake using a checklist and correcting the mistake. Process should consider: a) identifying a nonconformity or improvement, b) determining the causes of nonconformities, c) evaluating the need for action to ensure that nonconformities do not recur, d) determining and implementing action needed, e) records of the results of action taken, and f) reviewing the effectiveness of the corrective action taken. Evidence may include extracts from QA systems; E-mails, checklists, report showing identified nonconformity; Improved documents, checklists, method statements; Filled in revised checklists, report of review.

UNIT 3: DEVELOPMENT SURVEYS


S 3.1 Setout minor works Applicants will need to demonstrate that they are able to : i. Read, interpret and understand

design and construction plans

A setout survey must include design plans/models. The production of a setout sketch or model that requires the interpretation of design plans or model is sufficient for part (i). Also consider the initial checking of design plans or models for inconsistencies and mistakes. Evidence will include design plans/models, produced sketch plan or extract from model and may include correspondence with designers identifying inconsistencies in original designs.

ii. Set out works Quantify project specifications based on client instructions, standards that apply and/or achievable accuracies of method chosen. Describe the equipment and method used, connection to control, marks placed and checks undertaken to validate results. Demonstrate that the accuracies achieved are suitable for the intended purpose. Evidence may include Instructions/Scope of works, Field notes, Field sketch showing marks placed and checks (and/or equivalent software generated data), results of accuracy tests, Final Set out plan.

iii. Communicate results to client, construction staff and other

Describe communication process commencing with scope of works (analysis of instructions), to final results including communication


consultants with all other parties. Evidence may include instructions / Scope of works; copies of all written material presented to others; and confirmation e-mails or notes of verbal communications

iv. Use adequate redundant measurements to validate data

Describe checks undertaken throughout the process to ensure control and set-out points are validated. Quantify expected accuracy and the results from suitable tests. Evidence may include field records, sketches or comparison to design tables.

S 3.2 Perform topographic surveys Applicants will need to demonstrate that they have: i. Completed a variety of topographic

surveys that were fit for purpose using terrestrial and GNSS instruments.

Descriptor (i) requires evidence that the applicant has completed detail surveys that:

• Have an adjusted network of stations connected to a reference framework (e.g. co-ordinated control or cadastral marks);

• Involve surveys of irregular surface levels and breaklines; and locating a range of artificial and natural features;

• Require creation of a digital terrain model and contours;

• Require compilation of supplementary data from other sources (e.g. plotting underground services from records);

• Generate output formats (e.g. digital files, PDF) to suit the project brief and demonstrates understanding of design requirements.

A “variety of topographic surveys” can be demonstrated with one survey demonstrating more than one method which includes terrestrial and GNSS instruments. Less complex surveys can be used to demonstrate either GNSS or terrestrial methods and individual criteria as long as a complex survey is completed.

Note: Surveys with no discussion of control (including control of scans), surveys with only one or two stations “trigged in” or scans from one or two locations would not normally be considered as complex surveys. A complex topographic survey will meet most of the defined criteria including adjusted control network; irregular surfaces and variety of features; DTM and contours; Compilation of supplementary data like underground services or integration with previous models; and appropriate reporting of results that demonstrates understanding of project requirements eg. Digital files, PDF or updating database.

Evidence may include client instructions, analysis of instructions; field notes, field sketches, traverses, and checks (and/or equivalent software generated data); control sketch and adjustments; screen print of model showing breaklines, TIN, contours; examples of supplementary data e.g. U/G services; final plan, model summary; or letter to clients or file note of summary of achieved accuracies and specifications.


ii. Use adequate redundant measurements to validate data

Quantify expected accuracy and the results obtained. Demonstrate a variety of redundancies within the CER e.g. Azimuth and height checks at each station, overlapping data between stations or with previous surveys, additional confirmation measurements taken or quality strings. Evidence may include field records, sketches; screen shots of overlay, analysis of model checks; or comparison tables.

iii. Accurately described the origin of datums and other explanatory notes

Refers to “Origin of Datum” notes on plans for heights and coordinates. Explanatory notes refer to notes and disclaimers added to final plans. Requires an explanation of purpose and content of typical notes included on plan title blocks. Evidence will include a plan or model showing title block/explanatory notes.

S 3.3 Survey and calculate volumes and quantities Applicants will need to demonstrate that they:

i. Collect topographic data at appropriate accuracy and density for volume purpose

A volume survey must include a discussion on the accuracy and density of topographic data; and a discussion on the estimated accuracy of the volume based on the measurement method used. Collecting topographic data for volume surveys requires an analysis of the method used and topographic data including expected accuracies of the model (including control used to join individual data sets); verification that accuracies have been achieved by describing specific tests (comparing quantified results); comparison with any other available data, overlaps etc.; a summary explaining the test results; and a discussion on point densities used for volumes. Evidence may include analysis of instructions; field notes, field sketches, traverses, and checks (and/or equivalent software generated data); reports/output from model analysis; summaries explaining software outputs; and Final Plan / Model.

ii. Calculate and report volumes to an accuracy justified by the measurement method

Use appropriate equipment, method and suitable software (and calculation choices) to calculate volumes and report results in an appropriate format. Include a discussion on the estimated volume accuracy considering survey method, density of topographic data, surface measurement accuracy achieved, shape of surfaces etc. Evidence may include communications with clients, volume report, print of model, reports/output from model analysis or reference to manufacturers’ specifications and research papers.

https://support.pix4d.com/hc/en-us/articles/202557229-Scientific-White-Paper-How-accurate-are-UAV-surveying-methods-#gsc.tab=0

S 3.4 Know and apply occupational health and safety requirements

Demonstrate knowledge of the legislation and standards for safety


Applicants will need to demonstrate that they: i. Can describe the requirements of

occupational health and safety legislation in Queensland that is pertinent to their work environment

See Coal Mining Safety and Health Act 1999 Mining and Quarrying Safety and Health Act 1999 Work Health and Safety Act 2011, Transport & Operation Act (Road Use Management) 1995 (as a way of explanation, it refers to the Manual for Uniform Traffic Control Devices which is required

risk assessments procedures. Engineering and Cadastral surveyors should also demonstrate a clear understanding of the levels of traffic control management, when each level should apply and their role in the process (MUTCD). Mining surveyors should also demonstrate a clear understanding and use of procedures from the mining safety acts relevant to their own workplace. Evidence may include copies of courses, certificate, white card, MUTCD certification; extracts from relevant acts; copies of risk assessment or safe operating procedures.

ii. Use occupational health and safety procedures that comply with the relevant legislation

See Coal Mining Safety and Health Act 1999 Mining and Quarrying Safety and Health Act 1999 Work Health and Safety Act 2011, Transport & Operation Act (Road Use Management) 1995 (as a way of explanation, it refers to the Manual for Uniform Traffic Control Devices which is required

Demonstrate an application of safety risk assessments procedures in relation to a work situation including a completed/signed risk assessment form. Engineering and Cadastral surveyors should demonstrate an application of traffic control management in relation to the identified site conditions (road type, traffic density and speed, time on road etc.). Mining surveyors should demonstrate an application of procedures from the mining safety acts relevant to their own workplace. Evidence may include copies of courses, certificate, white card, MUTCD certification; extracts from relevant acts; copies of completed/signed risk assessment or safe operating procedures; or extracts from completed traffic management plans.

UNIT 4: PROCESS FIELD MEASUREMENTS



S 4.1 Can detect errors in existing data and field observations. Applicants will need to demonstrate that they are able to: i. Identify errors in data that is

supplied by other parties

Provide an example of a design plan, model, field records or data that was checked for errors and completeness prior to use. Evidence may include highlighted checked drawings/notes; e-mails to other parties requesting corrections, updates.

ii. Use quality assurance processes to ensure that errors are detected and eliminated

Provide an example completed/signed checklist or process audit that was used to detect errors and correct them. Evidence may include checklists, extracts from Quality System policy, e-mails to other parties requesting corrections, updates.

S 4.2 Understands the accuracy of existing data and creates new data with appropriate accuracy. Applicants will need to demonstrate that they are able to:

i. Determine the accuracy and reliability of data

Descriptor i requires an assessment of data that may be influenced by the knowledge of its age, what equipment was or may have been used, what was the purpose of collecting it, datums and control used etc.

Requires an example of an analysis of some existing data to determine accuracy and reliability based on the source of the data, purpose of collecting the data and conditions in place when the data was originally collected. A specific statement relating to age, equipment, purpose or datums and control is required. Evidence may include new data and background notes on some general examples of accuracies expected for data of a specific age, equipment and purpose.

ii. Define the limitations of collected data

Descriptor ii requires an understanding of the limitations of equipment and methods used and accuracies required for the task at hand.

Requires an example of an analysis of some data of your own. The analysis should identify the limitations of this data based on the equipment and methods used to collect the data e.g. height data collected by GNSS may need to be supplemented by auto level traverse. Evidence may include background notes on limitations of data you have collected; specifications from specific instruments; or plans showing notes or disclaimers stating limits of data collected.

S 4.3 Can combine existing data with new survey data Applicants will need to demonstrate that they: i. Are able to deduce or estimate the

accuracy limitations of existing data

Provide an example of existing data sets that requires an estimation of accuracy limitations e.g. u/g services or historical mine records that have been combined with other data to produce an output. Evidence may include plans showing u/g services or historical mine records that can be analysed to discuss accuracy limitation of the data shown or comparisons to potholing results.


sets

ii. Do not use data sources of insufficient accuracy in survey products

Provide an example of data that was rejected requiring additional survey to confirm, survey to provide additional information or rejected (e.g. u/g services where potholing was carried out to confirm location or surface features only shown on plan with disclaimers for u/g features). Evidence may include plans showing notes or disclaimers stating limits of data collected e.g. if u/g features are not located, surface features only surveyed; or additional surveys undertaken to obtain more accurate data e.g. levelling to confirm GNSS heights or potholing to confirm u/g services.

S 4.4 Can produce plans that are accurate, legible and useful Applicants will need to demonstrate that they are able to: i. Use a computer aided drafting

package to produce paper plans

Provide an example of a plan or plans you produced using CAD. The plan can be from a variety of standards but must be of sufficient complexity to demonstrate competency and be suitable for purpose. Provide evidence of and describe the process involved in producing the final Plan. The final plan may be completed by a drafter but you must demonstrate your control over the process (initial draft plan or model, plan checks and approval). Evidence will include plans produced by you (can use plans finished off by drafters but should demonstrate your control by showing you provided draft and checked final plan).

ii. Produce sketches that are fit for purpose

Descriptor (ii) requires evidence that the applicant produces plans for set out operations that accurately and unambiguously identify the marks placed and their relation to works to be constructed.

Provide an example of a set-out sketch plan you produced that accurately and unambiguously identify the marks placed. Additional sketch plans from a variety of standards that are suitable for purpose may be used to further demonstrate sketch plans. Evidence may include hand drafted and/or CAD sketch plans, at least one showing set out work.

S 4.5 Can produce electronic models and plans Applicants will need to demonstrate that they are able to: i. Use a computer aided drafting

package to produce electronic plans

Provide an example of an electronic plan you produced in CAD that is unambiguously ordered to prevent misinterpretation. Provide evidence of and describe the process involved in producing the Plan. Evidence will require paper copies and/or screen prints of the electronic plan to demonstrate competency.


Descriptor (i) requires evidence that the applicant produces plans where the plan information is accurately and unambiguously ordered to prevent misinterpretation by other parties.

ii. Create digital models of physical surfaces

Provide an example of a digital model you produced in CAD. Provide evidence of and describe the process involved in producing the digital model. Evidence will require paper copies and/or screen prints of model to demonstrate competency. Also discuss the method used to inform the end user of meta data related to the model e.g. datums etc.

iii. Attach attribute information to a digital model

Provide an example of a model you produced showing attribute information e.g. pipe diameters on as constructed. Use of GIS systems can demonstrate this but is not essential. Evidence will require paper copies and/or screen prints of part of the model to demonstrate competency. Zoom in to attribute information.

iv. Transfer files between various formats

Describe the process and provide an example of changing formats e.g. to formats suitable for different software, systems or output format. Evidence may include discussion on various file formats used in a process and/or screen print of software menu showing options to transfer from one format to another.

UNIT 5: COMMUNICATION


S 5.1 Communicate effectively Applicants will need to demonstrate that they are able to: i. Communicate effectively, orally and

in writing

Provide examples of your involvement in the communication process on a project. Oral communication can be demonstrated by providing follow up confirmation by e-mails or recorded notes. Evidence may include file notes; confirmation e-mails regarding oral communications; minutes of meetings; letters (could be prepared by you and signed by supervisor); copies of your notes on oral communication on site (notes in field book);


ii. Issue clear, accurate instructions to subordinates

Provide examples of instructions passed on to subordinates or other people working with you on a project. A description of oral communication processes or accompanied written information can form part of the evidence. Evidence may include file notes or confirmation e-mails outlining instructions; instructions to drafters; notes from hand-over meetings.

iii. Successfully use electronic communications technologies

Examples of e-mail correspondence will be sufficient. Evidence will include a variety of e-mails to co-workers and/or clients.

S 5.2 Can speak effectively at meetings Applicants will need to demonstrate that they are able to: i. Explain surveying matters in

comprehensible and unambiguous language at small meetings of allied professions

Provide examples of your experience which may include: • Participation in formal meetings with clients /architects /

developers / engineers / mine managers / geologists etc. • Site meetings or communications with contractors, builders, miners • Communicating survey matters with drafters and supervisors in

your own office Evidence may include agendas, minutes of meetings; personal diary notes of meetings; e-mail confirmation of content or outcomes from meetings; or presentation content delivered at meetings.

S 5.3 Prepare reports Applicants will need to demonstrate that they are able to: i. Prepare logical and coherent reports

for the benefit of surveyors, other professions and clients

Provide examples of written or oral report made by you or in conjunction with your supervisor (identify your contribution). The report is required to contain sufficient content to demonstrate your ability to clearly communicate technical matters, but is not required to be an extensive document. Evidence may include copy of report; presentation notes (if oral); copy of e-mail containing a report to clients or other professionals (may be signed by supervisor but prepared in conjunction with you)

S 5.4 Certify data Applicants will need to demonstrate that they are able to: i. Write certificates that are accurate

and limited to areas of their professional competence

When called upon will be able to: i. Understand and explain the

Provide an example of a certificate provided by you or in conjunction with your supervisor (identify your contribution). The certificate is required to contain sufficient content to demonstrate your ability to “craft” a certificate and does not have to be in a standard format. Refer closely to the framework notes when writing this element. It is important to determine specifications and to explain accuracy and reliability of data. Apply a validation process to ensure specifications are met and appropriately reported. You are also required to explain


accuracy and reliability of data to be certified.

ii. Understand and explain the responsibilities of data certification.

iii. Apply effective validation procedures.

iv. Effectively identify and manage risk associated with certification

the responsibilities of data certification and to identify risks associated with certification. Evidence may include copy of signed certificate (may be signed by supervisor – identify your contribution); field records, sketches or plans from the survey / validation process; and notes on responsibilities and risk management.

S 5.5 Provide advisory services Applicants will need to demonstrate that they are able to: i. Provide sound advice to clients and

fellow professionals on surveying and land management matters at an appropriate level of detail.

Advice requires recommending a course of action based on the facts presented. Provide an example of written or oral advice given by you or in conjunction with your supervisor to clients and fellow professionals (identify your contribution). Evidence may include copy of advice e-mail or confirmation e-mail (if oral advice provided). The e-mail may be signed by a supervisor but must be prepared by you.

UNIT 6: SURVEY CONTROL


S 6.1 Use geodetic reference systems

Applicants will need to demonstrate that they are able to:

i. Use appropriate geodetic datums and map projections

There are two parts to element 6.1 a. To fully answer this element you may also need to provide some additional notes on alternative

datums, map projections and transformation options (including heights) noting accuracy limitations and standards that apply.

b. Your CER is required to demonstrating the use of geodetic reference systems with examples. You should demonstrate examples of using MGA coordinate systems, using software to collect and merge data, carry out calculations and transform results to other coordinate systems. This does not require you to demonstrate longhand calculations.

Your CER should identify an appropriate geodetic datum and map projection. Provide some additional notes on other datums and map projections, their applications and standards that apply.

ii. Perform geodetic calculations of traverses and intersections using

Provide an example of a calculation carried out directly in geographic coordinates or identify a process of transferring to grid, carrying out


geographic coordinates a calculation and transferring back. Identify the software used and standards that apply in these processes (Does your software input and output geographic coordinates?). Demonstrate an understanding of geographical coordinate systems and transformations. Evidence will include results and analysis of calculations.

iii. Perform geodetic calculations of traverses and intersections using UTM grid coordinates

Provide an example of a calculation carried out using grid coordinates. Identify the software used and standards that apply in this process. Evidence will include results and analysis of calculations.

iv. Transform three dimensional coordinates between systems and between datums, with the aid of suitable software, to the required level of accuracy

Provide an example of a 3 dimensional transformation between systems and datums. This may involve a 2 dimensional transformation and a separate height calculation. Identify the software used, standards that apply and any accuracy considerations of the transformation. Provide some additional notes on other transformations. Add a statement about the accuracy of the transformation used and suitability for purpose. Evidence will include results and analysis of transformation.

Refer to GDA Technical manual

S 6.2 Integrate survey control Applicants will need to demonstrate that they are able to: i. Describe and comply with the

regulation of surveying and mapping infrastructure in Queensland

See Survey and Mapping Infrastructure Act 2003

Provide some notes describing the application of the SMI act and associated standards and guidelines. Provide some examples of complying with the SMI act in your workplace. This should include direct references between work done and requirements of the act. Evidence will include extracts from relevant sections of act and an application of the relevant sections.

ii. Find and recognise evidence of previous surveys

Descriptor (ii) refers to evidence of previous cadastral, engineering and mining surveys.

CER should consider: • Specifying types of marks found • Identify origin of marks • Expected accuracy based on type, age, condition. • Calculation of relative position or other factors confirming marks.

e.g. PSM control marks, engineering marks and/or boundary (including mining lease) – found OP, OIP, RFP etc. from different


plans of different ages (no need to discuss reinstatement) Evidence may include copies of plans from previous surveys showing the evidence identified; or field records, sketches showing, plans showing the use of marks from previous surveys.

S 6.3 Establish, measure and adjust horizontal survey control Applicants will need to demonstrate that they are able to: i. Establish project control networks

using GNSS and terrestrial measurements

Descriptor (i) requires a static / fast static GNSS network establishing multiple new stations separated by a substantial distance. If there is no significant terrestrial measurements involved in the first survey a second survey (of lesser complexity) using terrestrial methods is required. The second control survey can refer to control provided for Cadastral, Engineering or Mining Surveys and can be braced networks, closed loops, longitudinal or underground control. The applicant should demonstrate an understanding of the survey methods applied and their limitations

The GNSS component of this element requires the applicant to establish, measure and adjust a static or fast static GNSS network of multiple stations separated by a substantial distance. A typical network may consist of 3 existing control stations and 3 new control stations more than 750m apart containing multiple closed loops. The GNSS network is to be evaluated and adjusted using the least squares adjustment method. The GNSS component will normally be assessed in conjunction with S 6.3(iv) and S 6.3(v) of this element. The observation techniques adopted are expected to be consistent with the requirements outlined in “Guideline for Control Surveys by GNSS – SP1” and the appropriate levels of survey uncertainty achieved. Also consider specifications, network design and field processes. The terrestrial component of this element requires a control survey normally using a total station related to a control survey of lesser complexity. The total station control survey can form part of the GNSS control survey or be in a separate CER. It is preferred that the terrestrial component CER is submitted at the same time as the GNSS component but it can also be submitted later in conjunction with another CER (e.g. topographic survey). The terrestrial control survey measurements are required to be evaluated and adjusted using appropriate adjustment methods (this may include Bowditch adjustment). The terrestrial component will normally be assessed in conjunction with S 6.3(ii) and S 6.3(iii) of this element. Evidence may include project analysis & specifications; network design sketch; existing control marks; extracts from field records; post processing report; analysis and summary of results (including coordinates and uncertainties).

“Guideline for Control Surveys by GNSS – SP1” Reference material: TMR Guidance for Fast Static. (http://www.tmr.qld.gov.au/~/media/busind/techstdpubs/Surveying/Surveying%20support%20documents/TBC/TBCManualDec15.pdf) See app H for processing and adjustment.

ii. Evaluate and adjust measurements by appropriate adjustment methods

An evaluation of the results of the survey is required to ensure specifications have been met and any gross errors are eliminated


Descriptor (ii) refers to knowledge of the assumptions inherent in the adjustment methods available

prior to an appropriate adjustment being carried out. The CER should describe the assumptions inherent in the adjustment method chosen. Evidence may include summary of results with achieved accuracy; extracts from calculations showing adjustment; notes on adjustment method.

iii. Use adequate redundant measurements to validate data

Identify redundancies used in the survey and ensure they are consistent with appropriate checks, specification and adjustment method. Evidence may include extracts from field records or summary sketches showing redundancies and results of validation tests.

iv. Mathematically adjust survey networks by the method of least squares using computer software packages

The GNSS network is to be evaluated and adjusted using the least squares adjustment method consistent with the requirements of “Guideline for the Adjustment and Evaluation of Survey Control – SP1”. This may include processing baselines, identifying error sources, minimally constrained adjustment tested using local and global test, fully constrained adjustment tested using local and global test, estimating SU, RU and PU as required and demonstrating that project specifications have been met. Evidence may include field records, network sketch; adjustment reports from software solution; results of the statistical tests used; software solution report; and summary of final coordinates and related estimate of uncertainties.

“Guideline for the Adjustment and Evaluation of Survey Control – SP1”.

v. Analyse and critically evaluate the adjustment

Analysis should include examining residuals, identifying outliers and considering alternative solutions. Report appropriate results and conclusions to the adjustment. The applicant is required to demonstrate an understanding of the adjustment process including results of baseline processing and gross error elimination; decisions made in the processing and analysis (including describing the meaning of the specific tests and subsequent results). Also identify all the “flags” raised and discuss decisions taken based on the flagged data; and comment on the adjustment and adjustment reports. The CER will also include a summary of the results and appropriate uncertainties to demonstrate the project specifications have been satisfied.


Evidence may include extracts from software reports and solution; and analytical comments on the reports provided.

S 6.4 Establish, measure and adjust vertical survey control

Applicants will need to demonstrate that they are able to:

i. Perform precise level measurements

Descriptor (i) precise levelling can refer to any levelling operation where techniques that comply with the lowest level quality detailed in SP1 are used and the requisite quality demonstrated.

Precise levelling can refer to any level run where specific techniques used are consistent with the minimum requirements of SP1. This can be achieved using standard auto levels, bar-code levels or other precise levelling equipment. GNSS can be used but a significant component should demonstrate automatic levelling techniques. Parts (ii) and (iii) will require some theoretical component describing general techniques and applications that can be described in an appendix page. They will also require an example in the CER that refers to at least one of the techniques described in the appendix.

An adjusted level run using at least 2 control stations of known height creating a new height on another control station would be the minimum. The vertical control can be addressed using differential levelling techniques to a minimum quality of 12√k. Refer to “Guideline for Control Surveys by Differential Levelling – SP1” for details on specific requirements e.g. 2 peg test, equal B/S F/S etc. It should be noted that the requirements for this element can be achieved using standard optical instruments or digital levels. The appropriate methods and testing are required to be undertaken to demonstrate that SP1 guidelines are satisfied. Refer to the specific adjustments and tests described in SP1. Evidence may include field records, network sketch; raw and adjusted results; adjustments based on SP1 examples; refer also to 6.4 (iii) below.

Refer to “Guideline for Control Surveys by Differential Levelling – SP1”

ii. Identify the effects of curvature and refraction on levelling and apply this knowledge to trigonometrical levelling

Identify the theoretical effects of curvature and refraction on relative height determination and discuss applications and methods to minimise the effects. Discuss the application to trigonometric heighting (not differential levelling using total station over short distances). Provide a work situation or example project to demonstrate the application, including observation process design; set of reciprocal observations over significant distance; analyse and adjust; and report noting specifications have been met. Evidence may include field records and results summary.


iii. Identify the equipment and methods used in precise levelling and the sources of error and the techniques to minimise their effects

Relate to the practical project from S 63.3(i) and provide theoretical notes identifying:

• Survey standards • Methods and equipment from auto-levels, barcodes, parallel

plate micrometer (invar staffs), GNSS. Emphasis on modern applications

• Instrument checks and adjustments • Field methods • Source of Errors and techniques to minimize effects of errors • Calculations and adjustment methods

Evidence may include theoretical notes and references to the practical application from the example demonstrated in 6.3(i).

Refer to “Guideline for Control Surveys by Differential Levelling – SP1”

interpretation of framework...interpretation of design plans or model is sufficient for part (i)....

Documents