interpretation of bdi

7/23/2019 Interpretation of BDI

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Ma. Jessica L. Diezmo Group 5 II - 9

Description of the test

The Beck DepressionInventory(BDI, BDI-II), createdby Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-

question mutipe-choicesef-reportin!entory, one of the most "ideyused instruments for measurin#the se!erity of depression. $tsde!eopment marked a shift amon#heath care professionas, "ho hadunti then !ie"ed depression froma psychodynamicperspecti!e,instead of it bein# rooted in thepatient%s o"n thou#hts.

$n its current !ersion thequestionnaire is desi#ned forindi!iduas a#ed 1& and o!er, andis composed of items reatin# tosymptoms of depression such ashopeessness and irritabiity,co#nitions such as #uit or feein#sof bein# punished, as "e asphysica symptoms such asfati#ue, "ei#ht oss, and ack ofinterest in se'.

There are three !ersions of the BD$the ori#ina BD$, rst pubished in1*+1 and ater re!ised in 1* asthe BD$-1A, and the BD$-$$,pubished in 1**+. The BD$ is"idey used as an assessment tooby heath care professionas andresearchers in a !ariety of settin#s.

Brief history of de!eopment and!aidation of the test

istoricay, depression "asdescribed in psychodynamictermsas /in!erted hostiity a#ainst thesef/. By contrast, the BD$ "as

de!eoped in a no!e "ay for itstime0 by coatin# patients%!erbatim descriptions of theirsymptoms and usin# these tostructure a scae "hich coud

reect the intensity or se!erity of a#i!en symptom.

Throu#hout his "ork, Beck dre"attention to the importance of/ne#ati!e co#nitions/ sustained,inaccurate, and often intrusi!ene#ati!e thou#hts about the sef. $nhis !ie", it "as the case that theseco#nitions causeddepression,rather than bein##enerated bydepression.

Types of $tems

3ients choose statements todescribe themse!es in terms ofthe foo"in# 21 areas sadness,pessimism, past faiure, oss ofpeasure, #uity feein#s,punishment feein#s, sef-disike,sef-criticaness, suicida thou#hts

or "ishes, cryin#, a#itation, oss ofinterest, indecisi!eness,"orthessness, oss of ener#y,chan#es in seepin# pattern,irritabiity, chan#es in appetite,concentration di4cuty, tirednessor fati#ue, and oss of interest inse'.

Time to administer test about 5 to16 minutes.

7quipment needed 8enci or pen toindicate response.

7'aminer 9uaications andTrainin# :itte trainin# is requiredto administer or score the test.o"e!er, the interpretation of the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_T._Beckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_choicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-report_inventoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-report_inventoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_depressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychodynamichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight_losshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychodynamichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_choicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-report_inventoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-report_inventoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_depressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychodynamichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight_losshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychodynamichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_T._Beck


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na score requires a professiona"ith cinica trainin# ande'perience (;3< :e!e).

$nterpretation - Add up the scorefor each of the 21 questions bycountin# the number to the ri#ht ofeach question you marked. Thehi#hest possibe tota for the "hoetest "oud be si'ty-three and theo"est possibe score for the test"oud be =ero. This "oud meanyou circes =ero on each question.

>corin# - 7ach ans"er is scored ona scae !aue of 6 to & and thencombined "ith a other ans"ers to

cacuate a tota score

6 ? 1& minima depression

1@?1* mid depression

26?2 moderate depression

2*?+& se!ere depression

eiabiity - A one-"eek test-retestcorreation of .*& resuted from a study

of 2+ outpatients "ho had beenreferred for depression and took theBD$-$$ durin# their rst and secondtherapy sessions (Beck et a., 1**+).

aidity - Cne of the main obecti!esof this ne" !ersion of the BD$ "as toha!e it conform more cosey to thedia#nostic criteria for depression istedon the D>E-$. $t has demonstratedstron# e!idence of con!er#ent !aidity(i.e. rF .1 "ith the amiton

8sychiatric atin# >cae for Depression? >D).

Gorm - Eeans and standardde!iations appear in the manuas forsampes used to !aidate theinstrument.

$nterpretation of BD$-$$ responses iscriterion- referenced. Thestandardi=ation sampe "as comprisedof &1 "omen and 1& men. Hrbanbased popuations make up t"osubsampes and rura based

popuations make up another t"osubsampes. T"o hundred andse!enty-se!en outpatients "ere from3herry i, Ge" Iersey, 56 outpatients"ere from Baa 3yn"yd, 8ennsy!ania,12 outpatients "ere from8hiadephia, 8ennsy!ania, and @+"ere from :ouis!ie, Jentucky. Thea!era#e a#e of the outpatients in thesampe "as &.26 years, ho"e!er, thea#es ran#ed from 1&-+years.3aucasians made up ninety-one

percent of the sampe, "hie African-Americans and Asian-Americans madeup ony four and one percent,respecti!ey (Beck et a., 1**+).

The outpatient sampe incuded 566cients.

&1 (+&K) "omen

1& (&K) men

@5@ (*1K) Lhite

21 (@K) Back

1 (@K) Asian

(1K) ispanic

>tren#ths

epfu to #et empirica scores

for depression. 3an use it a#ain a fe" days

ater to track symptoms. $t has a hi#h interna

consistency. $t aso has hi#h content !aidity.

Leaknesses

:ike other instruments itMs not

ike a bood test "here you #et

a more accurate resut.


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3ients can minimi=e or

e'a##erate "hen ans"erin#. Adoescents usuay minimi=e.

Cther cients may e'a##erate to

seek disabiity and

compensation. 3annot treat it as if it speaks

the ;truth.ummary 7!auation

The BD$-$$ is probaby one the

most used in!entories "henmeasurin# depression.

Eany cinicians use it to

assist them "hen measurin#the se!erity of depression incients.

:ike many other in!entories,

there are imitations andprobems.

interpretation of bdi

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