internet voting in estonia free & fair elections (madise)
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Internet Voting in Estonia Free & Fair Elections
Ülle Madise
Member of the
National Electoral Committee
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contents
some general information
the principle of secrecy (anonymity and privacy)
the principle of voter´s equality
are we redefining democracy?
questions
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general information
2005: the first-ever countrywide remote Internet voting with binding results at the local government elections
9317 e-voters; 9681 e-votes given~ 2 % of all actual voters
~ 1 % of all persons entitled to vote
no complaints to the NEC or courts, no problems with funktioning of the technical system
positive result of IT audit
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general information II
2007: the first-ever countrywide remote Internet voting with binding results at the parliamentary elections
30 275 e-votes given!!! (9 681 in 2005)
e-votes decryption on March 4th
>1 000 000 ID cards issued with remote identification & digital signature funktion
ID card = primary identification document:
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principle of secrecy
consists of 2 sub-principlesanonymityvoting in privacy
the aim to guarantee the
freedom of voters choice
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sub-principle of anonymity
is guaranteed by e-voting as well as it is possible by postal voting (voting by old-fashioned mail):
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anonymity II
•the vote is encrypted (“inner envelope”)
•the encrypted vote is linked with the personal data (digital signature as “outer envelope”)
•decryption is only possible after removing “outer envelopes”
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sub-principle of privacy
cannot be guaranteed by e-voting or voting by mail, therefore other methods to guarantee free expression of the voters real will are required• the right to change the e-vote:– for unrestrikted number of times– during advance poll days:
+enough time to change information btw NEC and polling stations: on sunday advance voters (incl e-voters will not receive any ballot paper!)
+no advantage for e-voters in comparison to other advance voters• paper-ballot priority
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sub-principle of privacy II
• the right to change the e-vote with another e-vote:
– for unrestrikted number of times– during advance poll days:
+enough time to change information btw NEC and polling stations: on sunday advance voters (incl e-voters will not receive any ballot paper!)
+no advantage for e-voters in comparison to other advance voters
•... or paper ballot
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sub-principle of privacy III
the last e-vote or paper ballot is counted• paper-ballot priority!
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equality
per one voter only one vote is counted!
it is impossible to guarantee strictly equal voting conditions; no one can choose btw all voting methods
e-voter´s right to change the e-vote is justified by the need to guarantee the principle of freedom
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rethinking of voting procedure and principles
•election day as national red-letter day?–advance poll days 2007: 19,8% of all persons entitled to vote did vote in the advance poll days •going to the polling station as a ritual–voting by mail from abroad–voting at home, hospital, prison etc•voting in privacy as a duty supervised by the government–privacy as a sub-principle of freedom of electoral choice is not an aim in itself