Internet Internet OrientationOrientation

Pierce Middle Pierce Middle SchoolSchool

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DirectionsDirections

• As you view this presentation, complete the items on the sheet provided.

• If you have any questions, ask me.

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Internet Internet GuidelineGuideline

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Internet Access Internet Access GuidelinesGuidelines

South Redford School DistrictSchool Board policy requires that students desiring Internet access at Pierce Middle School must fulfill the following:

1. Completion of a permission form signed by student and parent. (Acceptable Use Policy)

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Internet Internet BackgroundBackground

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What is the Internet?What is the Internet?

• Global network of networks

• Enables computers of all kinds to directly and transparently communicate and share services throughout much of the world

• World Wide Web = Internet made easy (“point and click”) and accessible with a

browser

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Internet HistoryInternet History• 1957 Sputnik prompts start of U.S. Dept. of

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) - to create a communiction system independent from traditional systems like telephone

• 1973 ARPA initiates research on techniques and technologies for interlinking networks of various kinds– creation of TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol

and Internet Protocol)--the backbone of the Internet

• 1983 -- There were 500 Internet “hosts”• 1986 National Science Foundation launches NSFnet

-- Then there were 5,000 hosts

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Internet HistoryInternet History

• 1989 Tim Berners-Lee invents the HyperText Markup Language (HTML), the programming language with which web pages are now created

• 1993 Mosaic, first web browser, released• 1994 3 million Internet users world-wide• 1995 Number of commercial (business)

addresses exceeds the number of education addresses

• 1996 40 million Internet users world-wide; $1 billion spent in Internet shopping malls

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Internet HistoryInternet History• 1998 100 million Internet users world-

wide• It took radio 38 years to reach 50

million listeners• It took TV 13 years to reach 50 million

viewers• It took Internet 4 years to reach 100

million users

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Internet HistoryInternet History

• 2010– Estimated nearly 536 million

English speaking users world-wide– Estimated over 350 million non-

English speaking users world-wide

Source = Internet World Stats http://www. Internetworldstats.com/stats7.htm

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Using a Web Using a Web BrowserBrowser

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Web BrowsersWeb Browsers•A web browser is a software program designed to give the user easy navigation of the World Wide Web (pointing and clicking).

•The two most well-known are Netscape and Internet Explorer.

•The South Redford School District uses Internet Explorer.

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Internet AddressesInternet Addresses

http://www.google.com

< An Internet “address” is also known as a URL or Uniform Resource Locator

> For example below is the Internet address (or URL) for Google:

< Not all URLs contain www (which stands for World Wide Web), for example the South Redford address: http://southredford.net

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Internet Domain Internet Domain NamesNames

URLs contain domain names which can be used to generally identify the type of website you are accessing:

Use the domain name to help you evaluate

the purpose and

legitimacy of a

website.

.com means commercial (business) .edu means educational (college, university, or educational system) .k12 means a school .org means non-profit organization .gov means government .net means an Internet Service Provider ~name indicates a personal Web PageForeign countries have domain indicators:

.uk = United Kingdom

.jp = Japan

.cn = Canada

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Saving Favorite WebsitesSaving Favorite Websites

It is important that you know how to save your favorite Internet websites so that you don’t have to remember or re-type their URLs.

In Netscape this process is called bookmarking. In Explorer you add favorites.

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Searching onSearching onthe Internetthe Internet

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Searching on the InternetSearching on the Internet• Unlike a library, the Internet does not have one

convenient “catalog” to help you find the resources you need.

• It is important to remember that no single Internet search mechanism searches the entire Internet. Therefore it is important to use more than one search program.

• Search programs on the Internet change daily. You need to familiarize yourself with two or three that you like.

• It is also important to familiarize yourself with some techniques that will make your searching more efficient.

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Searching on the InternetSearching on the Internet

There are three types of search portals on the Internet:

Directories

Search Engines

Meta-Search Engines

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DirectoriesDirectories

In a Directory, web sites are organized into categories. The most well-known

Internet Directory is. . .

In a Directory the sites listed are selected by the creators of the directory. They decide whether to list or not list a site. So Directory search portals are very controlled by their creators. But they don’t necessarily guarantee the authenticity of a site.

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Educational DirectoriesEducational DirectoriesSome Directories are created by professionals like librarians or other scholars. These Directories provide lists of web sites that have been evaluated for authenticity and educational value.

You are encouraged to use this type of Directory when you are working on a school project. Some examples of educational Directories are:

The addresses for these sites are on the sheet you were given for this presentation.

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Search EnginesSearch Engines

• Search Engines use techniques to “harvest” the Internet and find web sites based on keywords you designate.

• Most Search Engines allow the user to choose between a “simple” (or “basic”) search and an “advanced” (or “complex” or “power” search).

• Most Search Engines allow you to use certain Search Techniques to refine your search. You are much more likely to get better results if you use Search Techniques.

• You need to read the “help” section of a Search Engine to know which techniques it allows.

• Some Search Engines (for example, AskJeeves) allow you to use Natural Language searching, that is, the language of normal speech (instead of keywords and search techniques).

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Search EnginesSearch Engines

• Google• AltaVista• Lycos• InfoSeek• HotBot

• Excite• NorthernLight• Ask Jeeves• Go

Search Engines don’t guarantee the authenticity of the sites they find.

Some well-known Search Engines (you

may know of others you prefer):

The addresses for these sites are on the sheet you were given for this presentation.

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Meta-Search EnginesMeta-Search Engines

• Meta-Search Engines are designed to search several Search Engines at once. The number of Search Engines they combine varies.

• Most Meta-Search Engines allow you to use Search Techniques.

• Sometimes the results from Meta-Search Engines is overwhelming!

• Some common Meta-Search Engines:

SavvySearch Dogpile

MetaCrawler Profusion

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Search TechniquesSearch Techniques

• Usually it's a good idea to capitalize words that are normally capitalized

•Ex. Camas (not camas)

Next are some strategies to use when searching the Internet. Not all techniques may work in a given search program.

You need to read the “help” section of the program to see what techniques are

available.

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• Required & Prohibited Words– + Attaching a + to a word requires

the word– - Attaching a - in front of a word

prohibits the word– No space is used after the + or -

•Ex. +basketball +rules•Ex. +greyhound -bus

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Search TechniquesSearch Techniques

• May use Boolean Logic --– AND, OR, NOT– Usually must CAPITALIZE the

connectors– OR statements must be enclosed in

parentheses•Ex. fruit AND (grape OR apple)

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Search TechniquesSearch Techniques

• Phrase Matching (“ “)– Putting quotation marks around a set of words

finds results that match the words in that exact order.• Ex. “death penalty”

• Wildcard Matching or Truncation or Stemming– Attaching a * to the beginning letters of a

keyword returns results with any forms of the term• Ex. environment* (results will contain

environment, environments, environmental, environmentally, environmentalist)

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Search TechniquesSearch Techniques

• Document Search Restrictions– Attaching t: to the front of a search term

will restrict search to document titles only•Ex. t: cloning (will find only document

titles with that keyword)– Attaching u: to the front of a search term

will restrict search to document URLs only•Ex. u: microsoft (will locate only URLs

with that keyword)

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Search TechniquesSearch Techniques

• Document Search Restrictions– Attaching link: to the front of a URL will

allow you to see what sites link TO that site (this can be useful if you are trying to determine the legitimacy of a site or the politics of a site).•Ex.

link:http://www.camas.wednet.edu/ (to see what sites link to the Camas School District site)

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Applying Search Applying Search TechniquesTechniques

• On the sheet you were given for this presentation find the section titled “Applying Search Techniques”. Follow the directions.

• When you have completed that section, return to this presentation.

• Click here to open the Google search help page to find the answers.

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EvaluatingEvaluatingWeb SitesWeb Sites

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Some Considerations. . .Some Considerations. . .

• The first web sites were designed and monitored by college professors and students.

• Now, as you know, sites range from academic sites to advertisement to cyberporn. It’s easy for anyone to create and post a website.

• Books, newspapers, & magazines undergo an editorial process to ensure their accuracy. No one edits Internet sites.

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Some Considerations. . .Some Considerations. . .

• Misinformation, unsupported information, and untruths can and do get published on the Web.

• The Web is disorganized! Sites appear and disappear daily.

• There are inconsistencies in Search Engines.

• Search Engines return an overwhelming number of results.

• Searching can be very time-consuming.

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What To Do. . .What To Do. . .

• Use sites you know have quality information.– Bibliographic sites like ProQuest, SIRS,

ELibrary, Issues & Controversies– Sites recommended by your teacher or

librarian– Professional Directories like Internet Public

Library or Homework Central

• Evaluate Web sources carefully.• Verify what you find with another reliable

source (often this will be a print resource).

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Evaluating Internet SitesEvaluating Internet Sites

An Internet site can be evaluated on the basis of

its Design (how it looks)

and

its Content (what it says).

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Evaluating Internet Sites--Evaluating Internet Sites--Design CriteriaDesign Criteria

• Does the page connect and load quickly?

• Can you see from the first page how the site is organized?

• Are the pages of the site clear and readable?

• Are links easy to identify?• Are links logically grouped?• Are links relevant to the

subject?

• Is the layout of the site consistent from page to page?

• Is there a link back to the home page on each supporting page?

• Do icons clearly represent what is intended?

• Do sound, graphics, or video enhance the site’s message?

• Does the page have its own search engine for searching within the page?

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Evaluating Internet Sites--Evaluating Internet Sites--Content CriteriaContent Criteria

• Is the purpose of the page obvious?

• What does the domain name tell you?

• Is the intended audience clear?

• Is the site fact or opinion?

• Does the site show any bias or stereotypes?

• Are the authors clearly identified?

• Are the authors authorities?

• Is there a way to contact the authors?

• Does the page use correct spelling and grammar?

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Evaluating Internet Sites--Evaluating Internet Sites--Content CriteriaContent Criteria

• Is there a date of last revision? Is it recent?

• Will the information be useful (relevant) to what your project or need?

• Is this information available in any other format elsewhere in the library?

• Is the information thorough?

• Is the information accurate?

• Is the information appropriate to your reading, intellectual, or maturity level?

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Copyright Copyright

• If you use any information from an Internet site (text, graphics, sound, etc.) in a project, you must cite it just as you would any other sources.

Cite the Site you Sight!

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Finishing Up. . .Finishing Up. . .

Congratulations! You’re done.

Turn in your papers to the bin.

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