Technology Layer

From the design of silicon to the end-user experience, the technologies of the IoT are driven by data.

Sensors, software, and networked infrastructure collect, analyze, transmit and present data for the users and devices who need it most.

As these intersections blend the physical with the digital, they are mediated by ongoing user interactions, business processes, technology architectures, and newly created market forces.

Smart Systems and the Internet of Things is quickly becoming a massive, global digital nervous system — connecting billions of people, tens of billions of devices, and trillions of data points through a network of unprecedented scale.

In this system-of-systems, every interaction with the physical world is also an interaction with the network.

Internet of Things Stack

Overview

UserExperience

Tech

Business

MarketPhysicalWorld

Actuators & ASubsystems

Sensors & SSSSenInstruments

Power Supply

Smart Systems and the Internet of Things will be built from complex interrelationships between the stack.

Integrating these layers together is theInteraction Seam—

A bi-directional link between digital user experiences and the physical world.

Physical

Business

Market

Tech

User Experience

Overview

+

Overview

+

To discover, design and develop innovative smart systems, organizations must consider all the elements involved and the context they fit into.

The IoT demands that we think about opportunities as systems, not products.

USER EXPERIENCE

INTERACTION SEAM

TECH

BUSINESS

Your Product / Service

MARKET

PHYSICAL WORLD

Market Layer

Some markets adopt new technologies faster than others, but no sector of the economy is immune to the expanding influence of the IoT.

While there are similarities that apply across the board, each vertical has its own set of needs and challenges that shape the way networked technologies add value.

User ExperienceLayer

Physical Layer

What distinguishes the IoT from the Internet of the past is its relationship with the physical world.

At its most basic level, the IoT depends on sensors that collect digital data about objects, environments and people; actuators and equipment that allow digital data

and networked communications to affect the physical world; and the power supplies needed

to keep it all running.

Overview

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Overview

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OverviewOverview

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RevenueType- Physical Product // Software // Data Access // Service

Region- North America, Europe, S. and Central America, Asia, Africa, Oceania, Worldwide

Transaction Type- B2B // B2C // G2G // C2C

Model- Indirect // One-time fee // Pay per use // Subscription

License & DeliveryProprietary >> Open SourceCloud >> On Premise Edge

Market Delivery ChannelDirect // Distributors & Wholesalers // Resellers // Systems Integrators

Direct ServicesEngineering // Consulting // Support // Training

Business

Physical WorldValue Added Apps- Analytics / Dashboards- Mobile & Collaboration- Asset Management // Supply Chain Management // Energy Management // Customer Support // Security Management

System Applications- Monitoring and State // Location & Tracking // Diagnostics & Prognostics // Automation // Analytics- Application Enablement and Tools- Data Aggregation / Data Transformation & Management / Edge Processing- Device Management- Connectivity Services

Network ServicesWireline / WPAN / WLAN / LWPAN / WWAN

Connectivity & Device EnablementSoftwareDevice Software // Device Drivers // Security & Encryption // Comms Stacks // Operating Systems

Network HardwareRouters & Gateways // Silicon, Embedded Intelligence

Tech

Actuators

Sensors & SSensInstruments

Power Supply

ContextIdentity // Location //Time

InterfacesVisual // Audio // Tactile

DeviceEmbedded // Accessories // Mobile // Fixed

User Experience

Market

Tech

User Experience

Business

Phys

ical W

orl

d

Market

Institutional & Commercial- Healthcare- Retail / Commercial

Facilities & Security- Buildings- Security

Mobility - Transporation

Resources & Production- Resources- Energy- Industrial

Information Technology & Communications- Consumer- Professional

Cloud ServicesSecurity

Protocols

Business

“User Experience” is the sum of our relationship with technology. It encompasses the practical—like which

senses, gestures, and inputs we use to interact with our devices and surrounding

environment—as well as the emotional: how the interaction makes us feel.

Transportation Infrastructure Aerospace

• Traffic Management• Toll Collection• Parking Systems

• Military Aircraft• Commercial Aircraft• Personal Aircraft

• Military Watercraft• Commercial Watercraft• Personal Watercraft

• Rolling Stock• Urban Transit• Locomotives• Infrastructure

Marine Rail

• Construction Off-road• Military Off-road• Personal On-road• Commercial On-road• Emergency On-road

Vehicles

Mobility

InformationTechnology &

Communications

Industrial

• Lighting• Power Distribution• Life Safety• Climate Control• Water & Gas• Security & Access Ctrl

ResidentialCommercial & Institutional

• Lighting• Power Distribution• Life Safety• People Moving• Climate Control• Water & Gas• Security & Access Control

• Climate Control• Appliances

• Security & Access Control• Power Distribution

• Water & Gas• Life Safety• Lighting

Facilities &Security

Borders & Ports

of Entry

Sec

urity

Campuses, Bases & Public Venues

• Access Control• Security & Detection• Surveillance

• Access Control• Security & Detection• Surveillance

Ind

ustr

ial

Hybrid/Converting

• Processing• Auxiliary Equipment• Controls &

Instrumentation

• Processing• Converting• Handling &

Packaging• Controls

Manufacturing Supply Chain

• Fabrication• Material Handling• Assembly/Test• Controls

• Handling• Warehouse /

Distribution Systems

Resources &Production R

eso

urce

s

Power Generation

Alternative PowerConventional Generation

Power Transmission & Distribution

Transmission & Distribution

Power Quality & Electrical

Backup

Ene

rgy

Institutional & Commercial

Tran

spor

tR

etai

l /

Co

mm

erci

al

• Restaurants• Hotels

• Goods & Groceries

• Convenience/Gas

Hea

lthca

re

• Patient Care• Surgery• Labs

Hospitals & Health Facilities

Home / Personal Healthcare

• Home Care• Mobile Care• Lifestyle

• Entertainment• Public Venues

& Stadiums

• Advertising• Vending• Repair Services

• Cleaning Services

CommercialServicesPublic Venues HospitalityRetail

Enterprise

• Computing • Communication• Office

• Mobile• Field

Pro

fess

iona

l

Co

nsum

er

Home

• Communication• Infotainment• Home Office

Water Utility

Oil & Gas

• Oil & Gas Extraction

• Oil & Gas Processing

• Oil & Gas Transport

Agriculture

• Farming• Cultivation• Livestock

Management

• Water Extraction• Water Processing

/ Treatment • Water Transport

Mining

• Extraction• Material

Handling• Material

Processing

Environment & Infrastructure

• Infrastructure Monitoring

• Environment Monitoring

Power Generation

Bui

ldin

gs

••

•

•

Rethinking Things as SystemsQuestions to help frame your own connected device and smart system

InteractionSeam

How is my system functioning?

How do I connect with other devices, users and systems? Do I have a lot to say?

What allows me to think and communicate?

Value Added Applications

Security / Data Policies

Sector

Device Application

System Applications

Network Services

Connectivity & Device Enablement

Sensors, Actuators &Subsystems

Power

Who are my family, friends, coworkers, acquaintances, and frenemies?

How do we communicate?Do we need a mediator?

How do people engage with me?

What’s my name and current location?What’s happening around me? How does that relate to my past experiences?

What am I feeling, sensing, touching? How do I make changes in my environment?

How do I get my energy?

Connections(People, Processes &External Systems)

Where can my distinct skills be applied?

Who can access my information? How do I know it has been secured?

Where can I be found?

What am I doing?

Interaction

Context

Device

Revenue Model

License & Delivery

Market Delivery

What’s my form factor?

How can I be sold?

How and where can I be used?

How do I reach the market?

Revenue Type How do I bring home the bacon?

The Interaction Seam represents the convergence of users, devices, partners, data, and networks.

Success will increasingly go to those that effectively utilize their combined potential...

Postscapes.com // tharwood@postscapes.com // 720.306.1214 HarborResearch.com // aglaser@harborresearch.com // 303.786.9000

Routers & Gateways- 2G, 3G, 4G Routers

- Ethernet Routers

- Gateways & Proxy Servers

- Data Aggregator

- Residential Gateways

- Set Top Box

- Voice Gateway

- WAP Gateway

Silicon / Embedded Intelligence- DSP Controllers

- Graphic Processors

- System on a Module

- Systems on a Chip

- Single Board Computers

- 64 bit Microcontrollers

- 32 bit Microcontrollers

- 16 bit Microcontrollers

- 8 bit Microcontrollers

- 4 bit Microcontrollers

Software

Device Management- FOTA (Firmware Over the Air)

- Distributed Version Control

- Configuration Management

- Software Versioning

- Device Drivers

Network Hardware

Security & Encryption- Security / Anti-Virus

- Encryption

- Patch Mgmt

- End Point Authentication

- Anti-Device Tampering

- Preboot Verification

- IP SEC

- Certificate Management

- Cryptography

- Data at Rest Encryption

Comms Stacks- Wireline

- WPAN

- WLAN

- LPWAN

- WWAN

Operating System- Virtualization S/W

- Desktop and Mobile GUI OS

- Embedded / GUI based RTOS

- Commercial RTOS

- Open RTOS

- Boot Loaders / Comm’s stacks

Connectivity & Device Enablement

Network Services

Wireline

WPAN

WLANWWAN

Cloud Services

Security / Data Policies & Governance

Protocols / Frameworks

System Applications

Application Enablement - API Services

- Application Enablement Tools

Data: Agg / Transformation / MGMT // Edge Processing- Storage

- Data Normalization

- Data Classification

- Data Governance

- Ad Hoc Queries

- Rules Engine

- Statistical Analysis

- Streaming Analysis

- Real-Time (time series) Analysis

- Presentation & Visualization

- Event Processing

Device Management & Connectivity- Upgrades and Versioning

- System Configuration

- Device Registry

- Identify, Security and Encryption

- Device Provisioning & Commissioning

- Firmware Management

- Gateway Management

Monitoring & State

Prognostics

Automation / Analytics

Location & Tracking

Diagnostics

Security Management

Energy Management

Supply Chain & Logistics

Customer Support

Asset Management

Mobile & Collaboration

Analytics & Dashboards

Value Added Applications

- Bluetooth

- 6LoWPAN

- NFC

- RFID

- Cellular (4G/LTE - 2G/GSM

3G GPRS)

- WiMax

- Ethernet

- Modbus

- Powerline

- WiFi

- DECT

- Thread

TCP / UDPIPv4 / IPv6

CoAPMQTTXMPPRESTful HTTPAMQPLWM2MThread

OneM2MDDSDTLSuIPTelehashUPnPAllJoyn

SMPP (Short Message Peer to Peer) Virtual IC SMSOMA Device Management CPE WAN Management Protocol (CWMP)Weave

REST APINode JSHTML 5Web SocketsJSON/JSONP

Physical- Power- Sensors - Actuators

LPWAN- Sigfox

- LoRA

SaaSPaaSIaaS

Core Messaging / Application

Context

Handheld / Mobile

Fixed

Embedded

Accessories

Interfaces

Internal

Device

Textile

Adhere/Patches

FootwearClipped

Earbuds

Strapped

Eyewear Headware

Identity

Location / Surroundings

TIme

Visual / Audio /

Tactile /

Gaze TrackingFacial Expression Tracking

Emotion RecognitionVoice Recognition

Haptic Sensors Pressure Sensors

Taste/Smell SensorsJoysticks / Mice

BusinessLayer

Overview

+Integrating smart systems into business processes requires restructuring long-held assumptions about how products and services are brought to market.

Collaboration between and among users, customers, developers and partners will be a minimum requirement for success.

Revenue Model

License & Delivery

Market Delivery

Revenue Type

Delivery

On Premise

Bundled / Hybrid

Hosted

Co-location

Cloud

License

Proprietary - Commercial

Proprietary - Shareware

Open SourceApache / BSD / GPL / GNU / MIT Mozilla / Eclipse / Creative Commons/ Public / LGPL / AGPL Model

North America, Europe, S. & Central America, Asia, Africa, Oceania, Worldwide

RegionB2B / B2C / C2B / ETCTransaction Type

Indirect

One-time

Pay-per

Subscription

• Per seat• Per device

• Affiliate• Per application

• Per site• Royalty

• Usage-based• Tiered / Freemium• Unit-based

• Transaction•Value-based• Timed

• Flexible - Capped• Open / One -time• P2P

LoyaltyInternal Use

••

Direct ServicesChannelDirect

Distributers & WholesalersProfessional / Tech Services

OEM / ODM

VARs

Systems Integrators

Maintenance / Service Monitoring

After-Market Support & Logistics

Training

System Selection / Integration

Type

Physical Product

Software

Data

Service