N. Nilgün Çokça

Hacettepe University

Department of Economics

Ankara- Turkey ncokca@hacettepe.edu.tr

http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~ncokca

1957 Soviet Union launches Sputnik I, the first

artificial satellite.

1958President Eisenhower reacts by forming two

government agencies to advance space technologies, weapons, and communication systems.

Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are established.

1969The first ARPANET connections are made.

Nodes (hosts) are set as 516 minicomputer with 12K memory, set with 50 kbps lines, which AT&T provides. Node 1: UCLA (September) Node 2: Stanford Research Institute (SRI) (October) Node 3: University of California Santa Barbara

(UCSB) (November) Node 4: University of Utah (December)

1970ARPANET hosts start using NCP, or Network

Control Protocol, further developing the first host-to-host protocol.

1972Ray Tomlinson modifies his email program for

ARPANET and quickly gains popularity. Initially there were some variations of the program, but the "@" was finally chosen as the standard.

1973ARPA changes its name to DARPAARPANET makes its first international

connection to the University College of London (England) and the Royal Establishment in Norway (NORSAR).

1975Satellite links across two oceans to Hawaii and

UK are formed, and the first TCP tests are layered over them by Stanford, BBN, and UCL.

1976Queen Elizabeth II makes early network

history by sending an email announcing that the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment in Malvern, is available on the ARPANET system.

1980Due to virus ARPANET comes to a complete halt. ARPANET has 213 hosts, with a new host added

approximately once every 20 days.The system serves as a cooperative network

between the City University of New York and Yale. The low-cost network later expands throughout United States and to overseas.

1982DCA (Defense Communication Agency)

and DARPA establish the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) and the protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP for ARPANET.

DOD also declares TCP/IP as a standard.

1984Domain Name System or DNS is

introduced to identify the type of institution which represents the host

1988Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is developed by

Jarkko Oikarinen.1991

WAIS, invented by Brewster Kahle, is released by Thinking Machines Corporation.

Gopher is introduced by Paul Lindner and Mark P. McCahill from the University of Minnesota.

World-Wide Web (WWW) is released by CERN in Geneva, Switzerland.

British researcher, Tim Berner-Lee creates HTML

The web as we know it is born!

1992World Bank comes on-line The term "surfing the Internet" is coined by

Jean Armour Polly 1993US White House (http://www.whitehouse.gov),

and United Nations (UN) comes on-lineCountries connecting to NSFNET: Bulgaria

(BG), Costa Rica (CR), Egypt (EG), Fiji (FJ), Ghana (GH), Guam (GU), Indonesia (ID), Kazakhstan (KZ), Kenya (KE), Liechtenstein (LI), Peru (PE), Romania (RO), Russian Federation (RU), Turkey (TR), Ukraine (UA), UAE (AE), US Virgin Islands (VI)

1993Jerry and David's Guide to the World Wide Web renamed to “Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle”

1995Alta VistaAmazon.comeBay

1996The browser wars begin. Netscape and

Microsoft go head-to-head, intensively developing and releasing upgrades to their browsers

Macromedia Flash 1.0 launches to add interactive animation to webpages.

1998Google

1999Napster, The peer-to-peer software

enables internet users to swap MP3 music files stored on their computers and to find each other through a central directory.

2000Fixed wireless, high-speed Internet

technology is now seen as a viable alternative to copper and fiber optic lines placed in the ground.

2004FacebookFlickr

2005 Youtube

2006 Twitter There are an estimated 92 million Web

sites online 2007

1.114 billion people use the Internet according to Internet World Stats

2009 Actor Ashton Kutcher becomes the first

person on Twitter to have a million followers subscribing to his 'tweets'.

10.50.56.254

Department of Economics

Deans’ Office

Student

Houes

Faculty of Law

LAN

Sinop

İstanbul

Hakkari

Japan

RussiaIraq

USA

Germany

Home Users

Banks

High School

s

WAN

METU

INTERNET

Backbone

“An internet is a network of networks” says Kevin Hughes

The term was coined for the ARPANET to describe a collection of different networks that all used TCP/IP.

Internet Society described “a way to communicate and share resources”

Probably the most frequent use is e-mail. After that are file transfer and remote login (login into a computer that is running some where else on the Internet).

The short answer is "no one".

There are now a large number of backbone and mid-level networks in other countries.

IP Address Internet Protocol193.140.216.8

Domain Namewww.hacettepe.edu.tr

Berkeley Unix command to set and get the application level name used by the host:

Com Commercial Co Commercial

Edu Education Ac EducationOrg Organizations Mil MilitaryGov Government Net

Network

Optical FibreEthernetModem

InternalExternalWireless

Electronic Mail Pine Outlook Express Eudora

Browser Internet Explorer Chrome Safari Mozilla Opera

File Transfer CuteFtp AceFtp

Web Creators Front Page Hot Dog CoffeeCup PHP Designer

Instant Messaging ICQ MSN Messenger Yahoo Messenger Skype

Conferencing  NetMeeting IConfKit

:-) happy:(((( very sorry:-O uh-ohLOL Laughing Out Loud

Netiquette is a set of rules for behaving properly online.

Do unto others as you'd have others do unto you

Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life

Know where you are in cyberspace Respect other people's time and bandwidth Make yourself look good online Share expert knowledge Help keep flame wars under control Respect other people's privacy Don't abuse your power Be forgiving of other people's mistakes

Historically, Internet and internet have had different meanings, with internet meaning “an interconnected set of distinct networks,” and Internet referring to the world-wide, publicly-available IP internet.

Some people use the lower-case term as a medium (like radio or newspaper, e.g. I've found it on the internet), and first letter capitalized as the global network.

Search Engines:www.google.comwww.bing.comwww.yahoo.com

Economic Siteseconomics.about.comeconlinks.com

Rules of using internetwww.albion.comwww.safekids.com