internet governance private sector...
TRANSCRIPT
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Internet GovernancePrivate Sector perspective
Global Forum, Palais D’Egmont November 7, 2005, Brussels
Desiree MiloshevicIntl Affairs and Policy Development Advisor
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Agenda
• Introductions• Internet governance challenges• Evolution of Internet governance• ICANN environment• WSIS environment• More challenges
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Internet governance challenges
“At the seashore, between the land of atoms and the sea of bits, we are now facing the challenge of reconciling our dual citizenship in the physical and digital world”
Hiroshi Ishii, MIT Media Lab
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Introducing Afilias • Founded by ICANN accredited Registrars
– Irish Limited company– Offices Dublin, Philadelphia, Toronto, Düsseldorf, London, New
Delhi
• Global leader in advanced domain registry services– Millions of domain names under management
• Powering the 5th and 6th largest TLDs; 7 ccTLDs
• Fastest growing registry services provider– Since 2001, acquired more market share than any other company
• Superior technology drives best of breed registry– Received highest ranking in ICANN .ORG designation technical
assessment– Deployed a network and platform with high security and
performance– Non-legacy technology enables standards-compliant tailored
solutions– Under 3 minutes to resolve names--worldwide
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Afilias history
• 2001: Launched .INFO – First new gTLD since .COM– Built .INFO to be most successful new TLD
• 2002: Application with ISOC to operate .ORG• 2003: Completed the first-ever transition of a generic
Internet top-level domain (.ORG)• 2004: Launched German script IDNs for .INFO
– Over 16,000 initial applications; 2/3 of registrants were new customers to .INFO!
• 2005: Awarded .IN registry contract; Launched language script IDNs for .ORG
• 2006: .MOBI
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How we fit in the picture?
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Layers
.
I P / I C M P
FDDIFDDI
EthernetEthernet
SONET/SDHSONET/SDH
HDLCHDLC
WiFiWiFi
X.25X.25
ATMATM
FRFR
TCPTCP UDPUDP OSPFOSPF EGP/BGP...EGP/BGP...
SNMPSNMP DNSDNS
HTTPHTTP FTPFTP SMTPSMTP
MIMEMIME PGPPGP
. . .
. . . . . .link
Network
Transport
Utility/Application
Coaxial cable, optical fiber, radio, satellite…Coaxial cable, optical fiber, radio, satellite… Physical
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Domain Name System
www
amazon
com
www
spain
info
www
ripe
net
www
ug
edu
www
isoc
org
gh
(root)
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What is a Domain Name
• The notation 170.224.17.212 is a convention for expressing 32-bit IP addresses, the unique identifiers used in the Internet to denote network hosts and routers
• They (sometimes!) provide easy-to-remember mnemonics for referring to an IP Address, for example:
• www.afilias.info -> 170.224.17.212
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The Success of Internet:
• Open standards• Decentralized system, intelligence at the
edges/end-to-end principle• Grand co-ordination and collaboration of all players• Dynamic self-organization and self-regulation• Democratic communication medium
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Evolution of Internet governance
From netiquettes to legal contracts and treaties?
Netiquette is a social contract, voluntary self-regulation with implicit social contract
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Characteristics of ‘netiquettes’
• Self-regulation• Co-ordination• BPC - Best practice documents• RFC - Requests for Comments• Adoption of open Standards• Codes of Conduct• AUPs - Acceptable Use Policies• Rough consensus • Contracts, Agreements, Legislation, etc…
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Questions policy-makers ask:
What is there to manage?Who makes the rules?What is the harm to be avoided?What happens when someone breaks the rules?What (enforcement) remedies are available?Would the costs of enforcement outweigh the
benefits? (Who pays for it?)
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What is there to govern?
• Technical policy: allocation of Address space (IP), Domain Name Space (DNS) integrity, IDNS, central root servers, Protocol Ports, etc…
• Markets (monopoly and liberalization issues)• Net Neutrality• Consumer protection - (fraud, libel e.g. “phishing”) • Privacy• SPAM• Intellectual Property Rights• Freedom of speech• Harmful Content (abuse, child pornography)• VoIP, ENUM, RFID? etc…
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Internet governance examples
No single entity governs the Net. It’s a collaboration effort of many disparate organizations
• Our experience within ICANN environment * international* multi-stakeholder environment* transparent* bottom-up policy making process* focused on specific issues, management of unique identifiers
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DNS governance body
• ICANN– Generic Domain Name Support Org (GNSO)– Country Code Domain Name SO (ccNSO)– Address Support Organization (ASO/NRO)– Gov’t Advisory Committee (GAC)– Security+Stability Advisory Comm (SSAC)– Root Server System Advisory Comm (RSSAC)– At Large Advisory Comm (ALAC) + Regional At Large
Organizations (RALO)– Standing Committees (audit, finance, governance,
nominations…)
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DNS policy developmentactivities
• WHOIS• IDNS• DNSSEC• TLD allocation and re-delegation• Convergence of DNS and telephone numbers - ENUM
Other:
• Trainings/workshops in developing countries• Highway Africa, Ghana IT journalist training, Guinea• APTLD, CENTR, RIPE, AFRINIC, AFNOG, APRICOT• Carnet, Nepal,
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WSIS/WGIG environment
* global * focused on global ICT development* holistic approach * multi-stakeholders approach* transparency * WSIS declaration of principles
http://www.itu.int/wsis/docs/geneva/official/dop.html
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WSIS Environment
• Technology - now major factor in the future of any economy• Platform for government, business and civil society to come
together to discuss issues, challenges, and opportunities in the global networked economy
• Building a global ICT policy environment conducive for the achievement of the potential of information technology by all
• Addressing Digital Divide
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Looking ahead
• Need for multiple specialized forums• More complex issues are ahead of us• Need for stable internationalized ICANN• ICANN is a convenient target• Need for more co-operation between all
stakeholders• WSIS outcome?
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Back to Internet Governance Challenges
• Can governments and industries keep pace with the fast paced evolution of ICT?
• How to enhance the capacity of private sector in developing countries to participate in global policy making relating to ICT?
• Defining areas of action and collaboration• Promoting competition and market development• Innovative partnerships
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Closing thought
“The future is already here, it’s just unevenly distributed.”
William Gibson