INTERNET AND INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY

Name : Amber Bhaumik

Class : ECE-5XRoll no : E092010Clg roll no :

90180410983

AGENDA• Internet History• Internet Evolution• How does Internet work• Uses of Internet• WWW(world wide web)• Web Browser and Server• HTTP• Intranet• Information Retrever• Search Engine

HOW DOES INTERNET WORK

• A network of networks, joining many government, university and private computers together and providing an infrastructure for the use of E-mail, bulletin boards, file archives, hypertext documents, databases and other computational resources

• The vast collection of computer networks which form and act as a single huge network for transport of data and messages across distances which can be anywhere from the same office to anywhere in the world.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

1969 - RFCs begun by S. Crocker

1970’s - TCP by Vint Cerf & Bob KahnEvolved into TCP/IP, and UDP

1972 - Email by Ray Tomlinson & Larry Roberts

1980s – Hardware Explosion (LANs, PCs, and workstations)

1983 – Ethernet by Metcalfe

DNS – Distributed and scalable mechanism for resolving host names into IP addresses

UC Berkeley implements TCP/IP into Unix BSD1985 – Internet used by researchers and developers

WORLD WIDE WEB

• Via Internet, computers can contact each other• Public files on computers can be read by remoteUser – usually HyperText Markup Language (.html)• HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol• URL - Universal Resource Locator - is name of file on a remote computer

HTTP

HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol Client-Server model Request-Response patternLimitations of HTTP: Stateless, no built-in support for tracking clients(session management) No built-in security mechanisms

WEB BROWSERS AND SERVER

• Mosaic (1993) was first point-and-clickbrowser

• Web browsers are the software we use to view web pages

• Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorerare most popular

• Netscape Navigator was original, butMicrosoft leveraged IE on market

INTRANETSIntranet is Intra+ Net so an Intranet is an internal or private Internet used strictly within the confines of a company, university, or organization. "Inter" means "between or among," hence the difference between the Internet and an Intranet.

A TECHNICAL DEFINITIONAn Intranet is a network based on the internet TCP/IP open standard. An intranet belongs to an organization, and is designed to be accessible only by the organization's members, employees, or others with authorization. An intranet's Web site looks and act just like other Web sites, but has a firewall surrounding it to fend off unauthorized users.  

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL(IR)

• The indexing and retrieval of textual documents.

• Searching for pages on the World Wide Web is the most recent “killer app.”

• Concerned firstly with retrieving relevant documents to a query.

• Concerned secondly with retrieving from large sets of documents efficiently.

SEARCH ENGINES

To search the Internet you use what are calledInternet search engines. These are easily accessed via your Internet browser(i.e. Microsoft Internet Explorer or NetscapeNavigator/Communicator).

Within the search engine you enter a word or phraseand it will retrieve documents from the Internetbased on the information you typed in.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

AGENDA

•Information Technology

• Information Concepts: Data, Information, and Knowledge

•Data, Information, and Knowledge

•What Is an Information System?

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Stands for "Information Technology," and is pronounced "I.T." It refers to anything related to computing technology, such as networking, hardware, software, the Internet, or the people that work with these technologies. Many companies now have IT departments for managing the computers, networks, and other technical areas of their businesses. IT jobs include computer programming, network administration, computer engineering, Web development, technical support, and many other related occupations. Since we live in the "information age," information technology has become a part of our everyday lives. That means the term "IT," already highly overused, is here to stay.

INFORMATION CONCEPTS: DATA, INFORMATION, AND

KNOWLEDGE• Data: raw facts– Alphanumeric, image, audio, and video

• Information: collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves– Value of Information is directly linked to

how it helps decision makers achieve their organization’s goals and can be measured• in time required to make a decision• Increased profits to the company

The Process of Transforming Data into Information

DATA, INFORMATION, AND KNOWLEDGE

WHAT IS AN INFORMATION SYSTEM?

The Components of any Information System

THANK YOU………