International Workshop on Rescue International Workshop on Rescue andand Digitization Digitization ofof Climate Records Climate Records in thein the Mediterranean Basin Mediterranean Basin

Data Rescue Activities Data Rescue Activities

atat

Slovenian Meteorological Office Slovenian Meteorological Office

Mojca Dolinar, Boris Pavčič, Mateja NadbathMojca Dolinar, Boris Pavčič, Mateja Nadbath

Tarragona, 29Tarragona, 29thth November 2007 November 2007

www.arso.gov.si

AGENCIJA REPUBLIKE SLOVENIJE ZA OKOLJE

ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA

OutlineOutline

• Present meteorological networkPresent meteorological network• Structure of national meteorological Structure of national meteorological

archivearchive• Description of DARE activitiesDescription of DARE activities and and

resultsresults• Data inventoryData inventory

Present meteorological Present meteorological station networkstation network

13 Synoptic stations13 Synoptic stations

26 Climatological Stations26 Climatological Stations

176 Precipitation stations176 Precipitation stations

32 Automatic Weather Stations32 Automatic Weather Stations

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Meteorological DatabaseMeteorological Database

Classical measurements:Classical measurements:• 3 measurements per day (7 a.m., 2 p.m., 9 p.m.)3 measurements per day (7 a.m., 2 p.m., 9 p.m.)• From 1961 all data have been systematically digitizedFrom 1961 all data have been systematically digitized

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1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 > 100

Length of data series

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Precipitation data series Climate data series

Automatic measurements:Automatic measurements:• Half an hour data (mean, max, min, terminal) Half an hour data (mean, max, min, terminal) • Precipitation: 5 min.Precipitation: 5 min.• Up to 14 years long recordsUp to 14 years long records

Graphical catalogueGraphical catalogue

Systematic gaps: •first and second world war •break-line is the year 1961 (the beginning of systematic

digitization process)

Station did not measure

 

Precipitation data

  Climate data

Climate data with gaps

Precipitation data with gaps

Nondigitised data

Missing data

Data preservationData preservation

•9 locations with temperature and precipitation

•21 locations with precipitation

Old paper data is stored:• EARS• Archive of Slovenia (better conditions for storing)

Precipitation data are stored in boxes and arranged by stations.

Old climate data are bound and stored in logbooks and arranged by stations.

DigitizationDigitization

Historical units and instrumentsHistorical units and instruments

• Pressure and precipitation Pressure and precipitation in in Paris lineParis liness (’’’) = 2.256mm (’’’) = 2.256mm

•Max/min temperature: Six’s thermometerMax/min temperature: Six’s thermometer

The first preserved meteorological measurements

started in 1850 in the capital city

Ljubljana.

AMEBA: application for data digitalisation (basic logical AMEBA: application for data digitalisation (basic logical

control)control)

DigitizationDigitization

Observational timeObservational time

In first years after 2In first years after 2ndnd world war observation time at world war observation time at

climatological stations was not at regular hours. These climatological stations was not at regular hours. These

data are stored in separate tables in database.data are stored in separate tables in database.

General mistakesGeneral mistakes

Often have to dOften have to deaeal with unreadable datal with unreadable data

Quality control and validationQuality control and validation

• Few datasets available for comparisonFew datasets available for comparison

• Few additional data and resources available Few additional data and resources available

for checkingfor checking

• Larger distances – worse correlations Larger distances – worse correlations

between available data setsbetween available data sets

• Quality controQuality controll – validation ? – validation ?

Metadata rescueMetadata rescue

• DigitDigitizationization of paper card-file archive (gaps, missing data) of paper card-file archive (gaps, missing data)

• Filling gaps and missing metadataFilling gaps and missing metadata • Stations sites visiting/measuring/describing/photographingStations sites visiting/measuring/describing/photographing• Reconstruction of data after the old field logbooksReconstruction of data after the old field logbooks• Reconstruction of data after the knowledge of elderly Reconstruction of data after the knowledge of elderly

colleagues, residents and from historical resources like colleagues, residents and from historical resources like

chronicles and journalschronicles and journals

HomogenizationHomogenization

Different methodes for inhomogenities detection, comparison Different methodes for inhomogenities detection, comparison

and correction were tested and used:and correction were tested and used:For daily adjustments the correction factors were downscaled using For daily adjustments the correction factors were downscaled using

periodical functionsperiodical functions

Results - LJUBLJANAResults - LJUBLJANA

• Begun to operate in 1850• Standard observation time from 1866 with a gap around 1929• Meteorological station location changed six times (some locations

have not been chosen properly). • Same location from 1948 on.

• Main problems with data series: non-standard observation time, non-standard measurement units (Paris line), insufficient documentation of metadata

Results - LJUBLJANAResults - LJUBLJANA

Temperature

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1866

1876

1886

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1926

1936

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1976

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1996

2006

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T [

°C]

Average temperature-ORI Average temperature-HOM

Linear trend (average temperature-ORI) Linear trend (average temperature-HOM)

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Topli dnevi Tropske noči

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Hladni dnevi Ledeni dnevi

Mean annual temperature

Number of cold and freezing days

Number of warm days and tropical nights

Long data series - DigitizedLong data series - Digitized

•5 locations with temperature and precipitation (93 – 151 years)

•13 locations with precipitation (79 – 112 years)

•1 mountainous location (2565 m, 52 years)Availability: not restricted

Contact EARS

Long data series - PotentialLong data series - Potential

•9 locations with temperature and precipitation

•21 locations with precipitation

•More than 70 years long

•Few gaps•Original data available•1359 years to digitize

Availability: not restrictedContact EARS

FutureFuture

Problems:

• DARE activities need a lot of resources (Experts, Time, Money)• Low priority in NMS

Good experience -Interreg project FORALPS• Data digitization and validation• Metadata rescue• Homogenization

1356; 17% 6447; 83%

Nondigitalised years FORALPS

During FORALPS project 1.356 data years were digitised, quality controlled or validated

FutureFuture

Missing data from W part of the country:• According to metadata some stations were operating• Monthly data for some stations were digitized from yearbooks (University of Milano)• Potential sources for daily data: Rome, Belgrade

Thank You!