International Workshop on Emulsion Technique2008/Jan/24,25

Emulsion Hybrid Telescopefor

Cosmic Gamma-ray Observation

S. Aoki (Kobe) / S. Takahashi (Nagoya)

for

Hybrid Gamma-ray Telescope Group

( Kobe U., Nagoya U., Aichi U.Edu., ISAS/JAXA,

Okayama Sci.U., Utsunomiya U. )

Telescope observes …

brightness (magnitude) color (wavelength) directionof the light.

Emulsion can measure …

brightness (magnitude) color (wavelength) directionof the light.

event rate (flux) energy (momentum) directionof gamma-ray photon.

So, Emulsion can be good Telescope.

Telescope observes …

Emulsion can measure …

brightness (magnitude) color (wavelength) directionof the light.

event rate (flux) energy (momentum) directionof gamma-ray photon.

So, Emulsion can be good Telescope.

Telescope observes …

Radio WaveInfra Red Visible LightUltra VioletX ray

optical imaging is possible

Emulsion can measure …

brightness (magnitude) color (wavelength) directionof the light.

event rate (flux) energy (momentum) directionof gamma-ray photon.

So, Emulsion can be good Telescope.

Telescope observes …

pair creation

2 mrad

Current Situation in various wavelength range

ex. Crab nebula (M1)

Radio (VLA)

Infra Red (2MASS)

Visible (Palomar)

Ultra Violet (UIT)

X ray (Chandra)

“TeV” Gamma (HESS)

“GeV” Gamma (EGRET)

30 mrad100 mrad

a lot of room to improve for “GeV” Gamma

ConverterEmulsionmetal foil

spacer

Calorie Meter

( Emulsion + Lead )

Fiber Tracker( X and Y )

Emulsion Hybrid Gamma-ray Telescope

S = 1m2, = 0.5 (tan < 1.0) Launched by scientific balloon (35km alt. = 5g/cm2) volume scan conversion point measure slope in arcmin get “time stamp” by Scintillating Fiber Tracker

check time profile in order to exclude atmospheric gamma-ray event based on “orientation monitor” and “time stamp”

get the direction w.r.t celestial sphere

γ

Emulsion is traditional detectorin Cosmic-ray Study

mountain: -meson discovery

hyperon (strange particle)

airplane: X-particle (naked charm)

balloon: primary cosmic-ray

JACEE, RUNJOB etc.

RUNJOB　

balloonvolume

(m3)

chamber mass(kg)

chamber area(m2)

launched landed duration(h)

RUNJOB1 180000 230 0.4 1995/7/15 1995/7/20 130

RUNJOB2 180000 230 0.4 1996/7/19 1996/7/25 167

RUNJOB3 180000 254 0.4 1996/7/17 1996/7/23 134

RUNJOB4 180000 254 0.4 1995/7/18 1995/7/24 147.5

RUNJOB5 180000 260 0.4 1997/7/ 9 1997/7/15 139.5

RUNJOB6 180000 270 0.4 1997/7/11 1997/7/17 139.5

RUNJOB7 180000 268 0.4 1997/7/16 failed －RUNJOB8 180000 　 0.4 1999/7/8 1999/7/14 142

RUNJOB9 180000 　 0.4 1999/7/12 1999/7/18 145

RUNJOB10 180000 　 0.4 1999/7/13 1999/7/19 146.5

RUNJOB11 180000 　 0.4 1999/7/14 1999/7/20 145

JACEEFlight

Launch Date

Launch SiteAltitude [g/cm2]

Duration [hours]

Area [m2]

Exposure [m2 ･ hr]

JACEE-0 May 1979 Sankiku(Japan) 8.0 29.0 0.2 5.80

JACEE-1 Sep 1979 Palestine(Texas) 3.7 25.2 0.8 20.16

JACEE-2 Oct 1980 Palestine(Texas) 4.0 29.6 0.8 23.68

JACEE-3 Jun 1982 Greenville(S.Carolina) 5.0 39.0 0.25 9.75

JACEE-4 Jun 1983 Palestine(Texas) 5.0 59.5 0.8 47.60

JACEE-5 Oct 1984 Palestine(Texas) 5.0 14.5 0.8 11.60

JACEE-6 May 1986 Palestine(Texas) 4.0 30.0 0.8 24.00

JACEE-7 Jan 1987 Alice Springs(Australia) 5.0 150.0 0.6 90.00

JACEE-8 Feb 1988 Alice Springs(Australia) 5.0 120.0 0.6 72.00

JACEE-9 Sep 1990 Fort Sumner(New Mexico) 4.0 44.0 0.8 35.20

JACEE-10 Dec 1990 McMurdo(Antarctica) 3.5 204.0 0.24 48.96

JACEE-11 Dec 1993 McMurdo(Antarctica) 4.5 217.5 1.2261.00

Not recover

JACEE-12 Jan 1994 McMurdo(Antarctica) 5.0 211.0 1.2 253.20

JACEE-13 Dec 1994 McMurdo(Antarctica) 5.0 310.0 1.2 372.00

JACEE-14 Dec 1995 McMurdo(Antarctica) 5.0 350.0 1.2 420.00

0.003

0.003

0.1

0.11.2

7.0

4060 121

605

920018400

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

cm2 /

h

TS(1994) NTS(1996) UTS(1998)SUTS(2006)SUTS(2007) Future

Scanning Power Roadmap

1stagefacility

Scanning Power Roadmap

MSC

now

near future

×100

CHORUS/DONUT CHORUS

OPERA

1m2 / h

Long Duration Flight (120 ～ 160 hours) at mid-latitude　・ RUNJOB succeeded launch/recover 10 times

out of 11 times trial (ave. 140hour / flight)　・ Background track accumulation @ JACEE film (150hours exp.) has been confirmed analyzable by U.T.S. at Nagoya

Signal Yield (based on EGRET flux) Club Nebula E > 100MeV E > 1GeV

226108 ph/cm2/sec 20108 ph/cm2/sec　 1m2 6hour/day 488 ph / m2 / day 43 ph / m2 / day　 5days (120h)/flight 2440 ph / flight 215 ph / flight　 (film+foil) 100 1 Xo thick converts more than half of photon

S/N=40 (E >1.0GeV) against to atmospheric gamma-ray @5g/cm 2

(extrapolation from BETS observation )

Signal Yield and S/N ratio

Pilot Study

2004/05 Balloon@Sanriku(36km)

Cosmic-ray Pb 1mm “ 10GeV ” EM-shower

2004/12 SPring-8 Inv. Comptonγ-ray beam

Cu 50m

“ 1GeV ” e-pair observationconfirm angular resolution

2007/7,9 Mt. Norikura(2.77km)

Cosmic-ray Cu 50m

“ 100MeV ” e-pairTime Stamp

large size (40cm50cm) OPERA film provided by Fuji Film (Mr. Kanazawa)

Pilot Study 1.Balloon Exp @ Sanriku 2004/May/30

Micro Segment Chamber

1.5mm1.5mm

10.5cm

6.5cm

hadron ｊ et

electroron shower

ｇ amma shower

Pilot Study 1. Balloon Exp @ Sanriku 2004/May/30

Pilot Study

2004/05 Balloon@Sanriku(36km)

Cosmic-ray Pb 1mm “ 10GeV ” EM-shower

2004/12 SPring-8 Inv. Comptonγ-ray beam

Cu 50m

“ 1GeV ” e-pair observationconfirm angular resolution

2007/7,9 Mt. Norikura(2.77km)

Cosmic-ray Cu 50m

“ 100MeV ” e-pairTime Stamp

Detail will be discussed by S. Takahashi Poster Presentation

Pilot Study 2. @SPring-8Laser Electron Photon Beam(by RCNP Osaka Univ.)

～70m

plate- 1 20 21 35 36 50

Cu 50m Pb 500m

plate- 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Cu 50m

Converter Energy Measure

Pilot Study 2. @SPring-8

PM

MA

15mm t

3cm×3cm×11films

Reconstructed Tracks

86921

Connection Criteria

>500MeV/c

Selected Tracks

814

Angular Resolution (MC simulation)

experimentally confirmed0.1deg (@1GeV~2GeV)

GLAST readout error

＋ 0.3m

× 0.2m

＊ 0.1m

1 mrad

Pilot Study 3Hybrid Test at Mt. Norikura

γ(atomospheric)

12.5cm

10cm

Em 1Cu 1Em 2Cu 2Em 3Cu 3Em 4

Cu 27Em 28Cu 28Em 29Cu 29Em 30

21 hours @ 2770m

・・・・

・

1cm

10cm10cm

Fiber Tracker

Number of Tracks:1.4×108

Number of Tracks:1.4×108

12cm×10cm×21films

Connection Criteria

>50MeV/cReconstructed Tracks

259688

Selected Events

66

Event : 131 2797654

P = 26+5-4[MeV/c]

P = 48+15-7[MeV/c]

Eγ=74[MeV]

Measured by K.Hamada

γconversion in 06:07-07:03

γconversion in 06:07-07:03

06:30:07

06:33:15

06:25:15

06:33:23

06:32:5406:20:00

X

Z

Y

Z

event 06:33:23

We are developing Emulsion Hybrid Gamma-ray Telescopewith large acceptance (=0.5) and precise angular resolution (arcmin)　・ temporally transient object: GRB (short and long) etc.　・ spatially spread object: SNR (relatively near) etc.　・ and any exotic phenomenaThese observation must be exciting.

Summary

H.E.S.S. RX J1713.7-3946 PSR J1803-2137

color: TeV gamma by H.E.S.S.

contour: X-ray by ASCA

1deg

backup

290µm(.002X 0)

deg1.0mrad2

μm3.0x

“OPERA Film” tracker performance

2mrad by single layer (290µm)

μm100x

50mm

c.f. GLAST

410µm(.004X 0)

１ mrad