international trade law and ethics international european university master of business...
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International Trade Law and Ethics
INTERNATIONAL EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY
Master of Business Administration ProgramMagister Management Program
Sumenep - 2007
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Topics: Understanding the terminologies;
Basic understanding on International Business Transaction;
International Regulations on Export Import;
Basic Understanding on the World Trade Organization;
International Business Ethics.
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UNDERSTANDING THE TERMINOLOGIES
International Economic covers economic activities and relations done by government and other related actors in public or private sectors within macro or micro scopes;
International Business covers more specific aspect of International Economic area. It deals with all financial profit oriented transactions;
International Trade covers more specific aspect of International Business. One form of International Businesses is trade/commerce/purchase and sale. International Trade deals specifically with transactions and regulations concerning trade.
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INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
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Regulations on International Economic
Governmental regulations of economic matters;
International Organizations regulations of economic matters;
Regulations on: International Finance and Monetary; Investment; Communications; Transport; Natural Resources; Nuclear Energy.
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Regulations on International Business
Regulations on Investment Regulations on Intellectual Properties Regulations on Trade of Goods Regulations on Trade of Services
Regulations enacted by Government Regulations enacted by International
Organizations Regulations enacted by Association of
(certain) Professions
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Regulations on International Trade
PUBLIC SECTORS
the WTO Rules GATT, GATS, TRIPs, and TRIMs;
Bilateral Trade Agreements
Plurilateral Trade Agreements AFTA, APEC, Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership (P4) between Chile, New Zealand, Singapore, Brunei; NAFTA, CAFTA;
Multilateral Trade Agreements the 1973 International Convention on the Simplification
and Harmonization of Custom Procedures [the Kyoto Convention];
The 1983 International Convention on the Harmonized Commodities Description and Coding System [the Brussels Convention].
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Regulations on International TradePRIVATE SECTOR
Legal relationships between parties who sell and buy goods from each other;
Legal relationship with persons willing to carry the goods from one place to another;
Arrangements with insurers to protect the goods in the event of loss and damage;
Financing and payment agreement with banks of financial institutions.
BASIC UNDERSTANDING ON INTERNATIONAL
BUSINESS
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TOPICS
D E F I N I T I O N A C T O R S F O R M S LEGAL COMPLEXITIES
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D E F I N I T I O N
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTION
I N T E R N A T I O N A L
>< NATIONAL, DOMESTIC, WITHIN TERRITORYCROSS BORDER; CROSS BOUNDARY OUTSIDE OF NATIONAL TERRITORY
THE OUTMOST ISSUE IS “LEGAL COMPLEXITIES” RAISED BECAUSE OF INTERNATIONAL COVERAGE OF THE TRANSACTION
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B U S I N E S S
>< CHARITY, VOLUNTARY, SOCIAL, NON-COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL TRANSACTION PROFIT ORIENTATION TRANSACTION
PROFIT ORIENTATION:
FINANCIAL SIMPLY TO MAKE MONEY
NON-FINANCIAL / IMMATERIIL
REPUTATIONPREVELEDGE ON BROADER SECTORSNETWORK EX.: SOCIAL, CULTUREMARKET SHARE POLITIC, SECURITY &TRUST DEFENSE, ETC.
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D I S C U S S I O N
applying non-financial orientation now to gain financial profit later?
applying financial orientation now to gain non-financial profit later?
applying financial as well as non-financial orientation in a single transaction?
K E Y S T O A N A L Y Z E
short & present spot >< long scene & the whole picture of transaction
strategy of transaction >< basic, origin, main purpose of transaction
strictly single application >< mixture on purposes achievement: success >< failure starting point >< end result
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T R A N S A C T I O N
LEGAL DEAL DEALS THAT HAVE TO BE PERFORMED LEGALLY LEGALLY MEET FORMAL AND MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS THEREFORE, IT IS LEGALLY BINDING AND CREATES LEGAL
CONSEQUENCES
DEALS PERFORMED OUTSIDE OF THE LAW NOT IN LINE WITH THE LAW CONTRADICT TO THE LAW
ILLEGAL TRANSACTION
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A C T O R S
INTERNATIONAL LAW SCHEME:
Subject of International Law an entity with international personality
“Capable of possessing international rights & duties and has capacity to maintain Its rights by bringing international claims”[Reparations for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations, International Court of Justice Report 1949, p. 174]
S T A T E International Organization Individual Other Entities
[Tahta Suci Vatikan, ICRC, Belligerent]
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NATIONAL LAW SCHEME
O R A N G NATURAL PERSON NATURLIJK PERSOON
B A D A N H U K U M LEGAL PERSON RECHTS PERSOON
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A C T O R S O F I B T
PERSON [SUBYEK HUKUM]HUKUM PUBLIK HUKUM PRIVAT
STATE BADAN HUKUM ORANG
State Trading Enterprise
GOVERNMENT PRIVATE
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PATTERN OF TRANSACTION
G G INTERNATIONAL RELATION
P G NON F I N A N C I A L
G P F I N A N C I A L
P P INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
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FORM OF TRANSACTION
MOVEMENT OF CAPITAL
MOVEMENT OF RIGHT
MOVEMENT OF COMMODITIES
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FORMS OF TRANSACTION
MOVEMENT OF COMMODITIES [GOODS & SERVICES] TRADING LEASING
MOVEMENT OF RIGHTS LICENCING TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY TEACHING ASSISTANCE FRANCHISE IPR LICENSE
MOVEMENT OF CAPITAL DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT JOINT VENTURE
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LEGAL COMPLEXITIES
GOVERNING LAW CHOICE OF LAW CHOICE OF FORUM
CURRENCY
FINANCE SOURCE OF FUND METHOD OF PAYMENT
TRANSPORTING COMMODITIES
INSURANCE
LANGUAGE
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G O V E R N I N G L A W
D O M E S T I C KONTRAK HUKUM POSITIF HUKUM NASIONAL
I N T E R N A S I O N A L KONTRAK HUKUM NASIONAL CHOICE OF LAW
CHOICE OF FORUM HUKUM INTERNASIONAL
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C U R R E N C Y
DOMESTIC NATIONAL CURRENCY PREFERABLE NO RISK ON EXCHANGE FLUCTUATION
INTERNATIONAL SOFT CURRENCY HARD CURRENCY CONVERTIBLE CURRENCY HIGH RISK ON EXCHANGE FLUCTUATION
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FINANCE: SOURCE OF FUND
BESARNYA NILAI TRANSAKSI DOMESTIK ATAU INTERNASIONAL
SELF-FUNDING
LOAN FROM BANKING AND NON BANKING FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
KREDIT SINDIKASI
PROJECT FINANCE
INTERNATIONAL PAYMENT SYSTEM
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FINANCE: METHOD OF PAYMENT
DOMESTIC
CASH & CARRY IN CONVENTIONAL WAY [directly using “uang kartal”] OR INVOLVING BANKING SERVICES [transaksi giral atau
menggunakan surat-surat berharga]
INTERNATIONAL
THE MOST POPULAR LETTER OF CREDIT [L/C]
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MEKANISME L/C
BANK PENJUAL BANK PEMBELI
KORESPONDEN BANK
Pembayaran
Bill of Lading + DocsMembuka L/C
PENJUAL KONTRAK EKSPOR IMPOR PEMBELI
Bill of Lading + Docs Goods
CARRIER CARRIER
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TRANSPORTING COMMODITIES
DEPEND ON THE DISTANCE
RELATIFELY SHORT & REACHABLE DISTANCE
DURATION OF TRANSACTION IS SHORTER LESS COST
POSSIBLY BY DARAT, LAUT, UDARA
RELATIFELY FAR & UNREACHABLE DISTANCE
DURATION OF BUSINESS IS RELATIFELY LONG INCREASING COST
LIMITED CHOICE ON MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION
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I N S U R A N C E
THE CLASSIFICATION ON HIGH OR LOW RISKS DEPEND ON:
PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE IN HANDLING TRANSACTION
ROUTE TAKEN IN TRANSPORTING GOODS
POINT OF TRANSIT AND RELOCATE THE GOODS
DURATION OF TRANSPORTATION
KINDS OF GOODS
PLACE OF DESTINATION
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RISKS TO PROTECT
HILANGKESELURUHAN
KUANTITAS MUSNAH
KUALITAS MAL FUNGSI / OUT OF ORDER
SEBAGIANKUANTITAS BERKURANG
KUALITAS CACAT / DEFECT
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C A U S E O F R I S K S
FORCE MAJEUR
HUMAN FACTOREXTERNAL
INTERNALrefuse to performFAIL TO PERFORM
TECHNICAL ERROR
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L A N G U A G E
DOMESTIC NATIONAL LANGUAGE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE
INTERNATIONAL MORE THAN ONE LANGUAGE
CHOOSE INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE / BHS RESMI PBB SBG BHS STANDAR KONTRAK
TRANSLATION TO EACH LANGUAGE OF THE PARTIES
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CULTURE
Consider the variety of culture
Respect and understanding the differences; different is different, it does not necessarily mean one is better or worse than other.