international student mobility between europe and the united states: trends and resources maria...

International Student Mobility between Europe and the United States: Trends and Resources

Maria PaniakovaProgram and Student AdviserFulbright Commission in the Slovak Republic

NAFSA Region 1 Conference, Boise, Idaho October 20, 2006

International Educational Advisers

U.S. Department of State affiliated Advising Centers calledEducationUSA

http://educationusa.state.gov/centers.htm

Outline of the Session

International Student Mobility Global Overview (IIE statistics)

Bologna Process Highlights

10 Action Lines for EHEA by 2010

Reform of Higher Education in the Slovak Republic

EU-US Co-operation Program in Higher Education and Vocational Training 2006-2013

565,039 international students attended U.S. higher education institutions in 2004/05: a decline of 1.3%, but a smaller rate of decline from the previous year.

Chart2

34.231

36.494

40.666

43.391

47.245

48.486

53.107

58.086

64.705

74.814

82.045

82.709

100.262

110.315

121.362

134.959

144.708

140.126

146.097

151.066

154.58

179.344

203.068

235.509

263.94

286.34

311.88

326.3

336.99

338.894

342.113

343.777

349.609

356.187

366.35

386.849

407.53

419.59

438.62

449.75

452.634

453.787

457.984

481.28

490.934

514.723

547.867

582.996

586.323

572.509

565.039

International Students (1,000s)

Sheet1

5434.2310.034231

5536.494

5640.666

5743.391

5847.245

5948.4860.048486

6053.107

6158.086

6264.705

6374.814

6482.0450.082045

6582.709

66100.262

67110.315

68121.362

69134.9590.134959

70144.708

71140.126

72146.097

73151.066

74154.58

75179.3440.179344

76203.068

77235.509

78263.94

79286.340.28634

80311.88

81326.3

82336.99

83338.894

84342.1130.342113

85343.777

86349.609

87356.1870.356187

88366.350.36635

89386.8490.386849

90407.530.40753

91419.590.41959

92438.620.43862

93449.750.44975

94452.6340.452634

95453.7870.453787

96457.9840.457984

97481.280.48128

98490.9340.490934

99514.7230.514723

00547.8670.547867

01582.9960.582996

02586.3230.586323

03572.5090.572509

04565.0390.565039

Sheet1

International students (1,000s)

Sheet2

Sheet3

Where are they coming from?

1ATABLE

INTERNATIONAL STUDENT TOTALS

BY PLACE OF ORIGIN, 2003/04 & 2004/05

Place of Origin2003/042004/05% Change

Asia324,006325,1120.3%

Europe74,13471,609-3.4%

Latin America69,65867,818-2.6%

Africa40,65636,100-11.2%

Middle East31,85231,248-1.9%

North America27,65028,6343.6%

Oceania4,5344,481-1.2%

Stateless193794.7%

WORLD TOTAL572,509565,039-1.3%

1ATABLE

1324006

Europe74134

Latin America69658

Africa40656

Middle East31852

North America27650

Oceania4534

Stateless19

2002/03

2003/04

International Student Totals, 2002/03 & 2003/04

Chart1

324006325112

7413471609

6965867818

4065636100

3185231248

2765028634

45344481

1937

2003/04

2004/05


1ATABLE

INTERNATIONAL STUDENT TOTALS

BY PLACE OF ORIGIN, 2002/03 & 2003/04

Place of Origin2003/042004/05% Change

Asia324,006325,1120.3%

Europe74,13471,609-3.4%

Latin America69,65867,818-2.6%

Africa40,65636,100-11.2%

Middle East31,85231,248-1.9%

North America27,65028,6343.6%

Oceania4,5344,481-1.2%

Stateless193794.7%

WORLD TOTAL586,323572,509-2.4

1ATABLE

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

2003/04

2004/05


The leading two fields of study, Business & Management and Engineering, accounted for 193,031 or 34% of all international students.

Chart1

17.7118747555

16.4505458915

10.5656423716

8.9811499737

8.7602802638

8.1560741825

29.3

Fields of Study of International Students, 2004/05

FOS

04/05 Int'l% of%

Field of StudyStudentsTotalChange

Business & Management100,07917.7-8.0

Engineering92,95216.5-2.4

Other59,70010.6-1.0

Math& Computer Sci.50,7479.0-25.0

Physical & Life Sciences49,4998.811.0

Social Sciences46,0858.2-14.9

Optional Practical Training28,4325.0-

Fine & Applied Arts28,0635.0-12.0

Undeclared27,9825.1-4.5

Health Professions26,3014.72.1

Intensive English Language16,1332.67.5

Humanities15,8502.8-4.6

Education15,6972.8-1.3

Agriculture7,5191.33.1

TOTAL565,03994.9-1.3

Graphic

04/05 Int'l% of

Field of StudyStudentsTotal

Business & Management100,07917.7

Engineering92,95216.5

193,031

Other59,70010.6

Math & Computer Sciences50,7479.0

Physical & Life Sciences49,4998.8

Social Sciences46,0858.2

All Others*165,97729.3

TOTAL565,03994.9

Optional Practical Training28,4325.0

Fine & Applied Arts28,0635.0

Undeclared27,9825.1

Health Professions26,3014.7

Intensive English Language16,1332.6

Humanities15,8502.8*"All Others" includes OPT, Fine & Applied Arts,

Education15,6972.8Undeclared, Health Professions, IEP, Humanities,

Agriculture7,5191.3Education, Agriculture

165,97729.3

Graphic


FOS

04/05 Int'l% of%

Field of StudyStudentsTotalChange

Business & Management100,07917.7-8.0

Engineering92,95216.5-2.4

Other59,70010.6-1.0

Math& Computer Sci.50,7479.0-25.0

Physical & Life Sciences49,4998.811.0

Social Sciences46,0858.2-14.9

Optional Practical Training28,4325.0-

Fine & Applied Arts28,0635.0-12.0

Undeclared27,9825.1-4.5

Health Professions26,3014.72.1

Intensive English Language16,1332.67.5

Humanities15,8502.8-4.6

Education15,6972.8-1.3

Agriculture7,5191.33.1

TOTAL565,03994.9-1.3

Graphic

04/05 Int'l% of

Field of StudyStudentsTotal

Business & Management100,07917.7

Engineering92,95216.5

Other59,70010.6

Math& Computer Sci.50,7479.0

Physical & Life Sciences49,4998.8

Social Sciences46,0858.2

All Others*165,97729.3

TOTAL565,03994.9

Optional Practical Training28,4325.0

Fine & Applied Arts28,0635.0

Undeclared27,9825.1

Health Professions26,3014.7

Intensive English Language16,1332.6

Humanities15,8502.8*"All Others" includes OPT, Fine & Applied Arts,

Education15,6972.8Undeclared, Health Professions, IEP, Humanities,

Agriculture7,5191.3Education, Agriculture

165,97729.3

Graphic

0

0

0

0

0

0

0


Factors Affecting International Students EnrollmentsFactors Cited by U.S. Campuses: Visa Application Processes (35%)Cost of Tuition (18%)Enroll in another countrys institution (13%)

Combination of Factors:competition from other host countriescompetition among US institutions increased capacity in students home countries

Chart1

0.345

0.179

0.128

0.127

0.11

0.059

0.052

Percent

Factors Cited by U.S. Campuses Reporting Declines

5.9% (45)

11% (95)

12.7% (109)

12.8% (110)

17.9% (154)

34.5% (297)

5.2% (51)

New Admits

Newly Admitted Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004PercentTotal

Substantial increase7.70%74

Some increase13.70%132

Slight increase18.90%182

About the same as last year34.10%328

Slight decline14.20%136

Some decline8.50%82

Substantial decline2.80%27

Institutions with more than 1,000 students

Newly Admitted Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004 - Institutions with more than 1,000 intl studentsPercentTotal






Some decline5.70%6


Two Year Colleges

Newly Admitted Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004 - Two-Year CollegesPercentTotal






Some decline8.30%26


"Universities"

Newly Admitted Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004 - "Universities"PercentTotal






Some decline8.80%34


"Four Year Colleges"

Newly Admitted Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004 - Four-Year CollegesPercentTotal






Some decline11.10%21


New Admits

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Percent

Newly Enrolled Intl Students Fall 2005 vs. Fall 2004

2.8% (27)

8.5% (82)

14.2% (136)

34.1% (328)

18.9% (182)

13.7% (132)

7.7% (74)

Total Enrollment

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Percent

Newly Enrolled Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004Institutions with more than 1,000 intl students

2.8% (3)

5.7% (6)

17% (18)

23.6% (25)

18.9% (20)

1.9% (2)

30.2% (32)

Top 17

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Percent

Newly Enrolled Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004Two-Year Colleges

1.9% (6)

8.3% (26)

14.4% (45)

39.4% (123)

14.7% (46)

12.8% (40)

8.3% (26)

Katrina

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Percent

Newly Enrolled Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004 - "Universities"

1.8% (7)

8.8% (34)

13.7% (53)

27.6% (107)

23% (89)

17.8% (69)

7.2% (28)

Respondents

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Percent

Newly Enrolled Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004 - Four-Year Colleges

5.8% (11)

11.1% (21)

15.9% (30)

32.8% (62)

18.5% (35)

7.4% (14)

8.5% (16)

Enrollment Ranges

Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004PercentTotal








Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004 - Institutions with more than 1,000 intl studentsPercentTotal

Substantial increase0%0

Some increase8.50%9



Slight decline33%35

Some decline8.50%9


Two-Year Colleges

Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004 - Two-Year CollegesPercentTotal








Universities

Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004 - "Universities"PercentTotal






Some decline9.20%36


Four-Year Colleges

Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004 - Four-Year CollegesPercentTotal






Some decline9.90%19


Universities and Four-Year Colleges

Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004 - Universities and Four-Year CollegesPercentTotal






Some decline9.60%56


Enrollment Ranges

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Percent

International Student Enrollment Fall 2005 vs. Fall 2004

2.0% (19)

10.3% (100)

20.2% (196)

33.6% (326)

17.8% (173)

11.1% (108)

4.9% (48)

Grad Undergrad

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Percent

International Student Enrollment Fall 2005 vs. Fall 2004Institutions with more than 1,000 intl students

1.9% (2)

8.5% (9)

33% (35)

23.6% (25)

24.5% (26)

8.5% (9)

Reasons for Declines

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Percent

Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004Two-Year Colleges

3.2% (10)

13% (41)

19.9% (63)

34.2% (108)

11.7% (37)

12% (38)

6% (19)

Countries

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Percent

Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004 - "Universities"

0.5% (2)

9.2% (36)

23.1% (90)

30.8% (120)

20.5% (80)

11.3% (44)

4.6% (18)

Sheet5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Percent

Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004 - Four-Year Colleges

2.1% (4)

9.9% (19)

19.9% (38)

34.6% (66)

19.9% (38)

9.9% (19)

3.7% (7)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Percent

Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004 - Universities and Four-Year Colleges

1% (6)

9.6% (56)

21.9% (128)

32% (187)

20.4% (119)

10.8% (63)

4.3% (25)

Top 17 Institutions

Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004 - 17 of the institutions that host the highest number of international studentsTotal

Substantial increase0

Some increase1

Slight increase4

About the same as last year4

Slight decline8

Some decline0

Substantial decline0

Newly Admitted Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004 - 17 of the institutions that host the highest number of international studentsTotal

Substantial increase0

Some increase3

Slight increase7

About the same as last year1

Slight decline5

Some decline1

Substantial decline0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Total

Int'l Student Enrollments, Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004 - 17 of the institutions that host the highest number of international students

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Total

Newly Enrolled Int'l Students Fall 2005 vs Fall 2004 - 17 of the institutions that host the highest number of international students

For Fall 2005, did your institution enroll any international students who were originally enrolled in Gulf Coast campuses affected by Hurricane Katrina%Total

Yes21.40%207

No78.60%759

Approximate number of Hurricane-Katrina-affected international students accepted%Total

1-1087.70%192

11-308.70%19

31-500.90%2

51-1001.80%4

More than 1000.90%2

0

0

%

For Fall 2005, did your institution enroll any international students who were originally enrolled in Gulf Coast campuses affected by Hurricane Katrina

No79% (759)

Yes21% (207)

0

0

0

0

0

%

Approximate number of Hurricane-Katrina-affected international students accepted

87.7% (192)

1.8% (4)

0.9% (2)

0.9% (2)

8.7% (19)

Institutional AffiliationPercentTotal

University40.10%392

Two Year College32.90%321

Four-Year College19.70%192

Other4.60%45

Professional School2.80%27

0

0

0

0

0

Percent

Institutional Affiliation of RespondentsTotal Responses: 980

2.8% (27)

4.6% (45)

19.7% (192)

32.9% (321)

40.1% (392)

Total Int'l Student Enrollment RangesPercentTotal

1-10052.90%513

101-50027.90%270

501-10008.30%80

More than 100010.90%106

0

0

0

0

Percent

Total International Student Enrollment Ranges

10.9% (106)

8.3% (80)

27.9% (270)

52.9% (513)

Was Decline in Intl Students More Evident at Grad or Undergrad Enrollments?PercentTotal

Undergrad47%109

Grad29%66

Both Grad and Undergrad Declined Similarly24%56

0

0

0

Percent

Was Decline in Intl Students More Evident at Grad or Undergrad Enrollments?

47% (109)

29% (66)

24% (56)

Based on feedback from international applicants, what are the major reasons for the decline in enrollments?PercentTotal

35%: Visa application process34.50%297

18%: Cost of tuition/fees at my institution17.90%154

13%: Decisions to enroll in another countrys institutions12.80%110

13%: Other12.70%109

11%: Home country economic problems11.00%95

6%: Enroll in own countrys higher education institution5.90%51

5%: Problems/concern over fees and fee payments related to SEVIS5.20%45

Based on feedback from international applicants, what are the major reasons for the decline in enrollments?Percent

Visa application process and concerns over delays/denials30.00%

Cost of tuition/fees at my institution16.00%

Decisions to enroll in another countrys institutions (other than the US)11.00%

Other11.00%

Home country economic problems10.00%

Problems/concern over fees and fee payments related to SEVIS5.00%

Decisions to stay home and enroll in own countrys higher education institution5.00%

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Percent

Based on feedback from international applicants, what are the major reasons for the decline in enrollments?

5.9% (51)

11% (95)

12.7% (109)

12.8% (110)

17.9% (154)

34.5% (297)

5.2% (45)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Percent

Major Reasons for Declines

Visa application processes & concerns over delays/denials (35%)

Tuition and Fees at US campuses (18%)

Enroll in another country's institutions (13%)

Other (13%)

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Percent

Factors Cited by U.S. Campuses Reporting Declines

5.2% (51)

34.5% (297)

17.9% (154)

12.8% (110)

12.7% (109)

11% (95)

5.9% (45)

Countries% of Respondents Reporting Increase% of Respondents Reporting Decrease

India2524

China2920

Korea3617

Japan2624

Indonesia1320

Malaysia1018

Pakistan1420

Saudi Arabia1815

Egypt813

UAE813

Turkey1820

Kenya1919

Nigeria2016

Thailand2219

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

% of Respondents Reporting Increase

% of Respondents Reporting Decrease

Newly Enrolled International StudentsFall 2005: Country Breakdown

Institutions taking special steps to ensure numbers of intl students do not declineNumber

Yes475

No482

0

0

Number

Has your institution taken any special steps to ensure that the number of international enrollments does not decline?

Yes50% (475)

No50% (482)

Global Competition Among 3 leading Anglophone host countries, the drop in market share is even more pronounced (down from 65% in 1997/98 to 56% in 2003/04). Intl enrollments in the U.S. remain double that of any other host country.

U.S. Remains Dominant Host Country for International Students: 2003/04 Data from Leading 5 Host CountriesBut U.S. Market Share of International Students among leading host countries is declining U.S. market share dropped from 47% in 1997/98 to 41% in 2003/04.

U.S. study abroad increased 9.6% to an all time high of 191,321 students in 2003/04.

Chart2

48483

62341

70727

71154

76302

84403

89242

99448

113959

129770

143590

154168

160920

174629

191321

Year

U.S. Students Abroad

table & graphic

HOST REGIONS OF U.S. STUDY ABROAD STUDENTS, 1985/86 - 2003/04

85/8648,483

87/8862,341

89/9070,727

91/9271,154

93/9476,302

94/9584,403

95/9689,242

96/9799,448

97/98113,959

98/99129,770

99/00143,590

00/01154,168

01/02160,920

02/03174,629

03/04191,321

table & graphic

Year


MBD037AD8C9.xls

Chart1

48483

62341

70727

71154

76302

84403

89242

99448

113959

129770

143590

154168

160920

174629

191321

Year


graphic only

graphic only

48483

62341

70727

71154

76302

84403

89242

99448

113959

129770

143590

154168

160920

174629

Year


table & graphic

HOST REGIONS OF U.S. STUDY ABROAD STUDENTS, 1985/86 - 2003/04

85/8648,483

87/8862,341

89/9070,727

91/9271,154

93/9476,302

94/9584,403

95/9689,242

96/9799,448

97/98113,959

98/99129,770

99/00143,590

00/01154,168

01/02160,920

02/03174,629

03/04191,321

table & graphic

Year


Students from Europe Represent only 13% of all intl students enrolled in U.S. Higher Education Leading five places of origin: 47% of all international students

Four of the leading five: Asia

Countries in Europe:4 of Leading 20

P of O

2004/05% of% Change

RankPlace of OriginTotalTotalFrom 03/04

WORLD TOTAL565,039-1.3

1India80,46614.20.9

2China62,52311.11.2

3Korea, Republic of53,3589.41.7

4Japan42,2157.53.4

5Canada28,1405.04.2

6Taiwan25,9144.6-1.0

7Mexico13,0632.3-2.0

8Turkey12,4742.29.4

9Germany8,6401.5-1.2

10Thailand8,6371.5-3.4

11United Kingdom8,2361.5-2.4

12Indonesia7,7601.4-12.6

13Colombia7,3341.3-2.6

14Brazil7,2441.3-7.1

15Hong Kong, China7,1801.3-2.4

16Kenya6,7281.2-8.8

17France6,5551.2-3.9

18Nigeria6,3351.13.2

19Pakistan6,2961.1-14.0

20Malaysia6,1421.1-5.3

More Facts About European Students in the U.S.Germany sends more students to the U.S. to study than any other European country (8,640 Germans studied in the U.S. in 2004/05).

The UK sends the second highest number of students (8,236), followed by France (6,555), Russia (5,073), Bulgaria (3,644), Spain (3,512), Romania (3,217), Italy (3,261), Sweden (3,106) and Poland (2,861).

45% of all Europeans studying in the U.S. are studying at the undergraduate level, while 44% are at the graduate level and 11% are studying in other types of programs (such as non-degree programs, intensive English programs, or practical training).

The most popular U.S. colleges and universities for European students are: Columbia University, New York University, Harvard University, University of California - Los Angeles, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston University, University of Pennsylvania, University of Chicago, University of Southern California, and University of California Berkeley.

The largest proportion of European students study in the New York City metropolitan area followed by Boston, Los Angeles, Chicago and Washington, D.C.

Europe remains the leading host region for U.S. students studying abroad: 61% of all U.S. study abroad students go to Europe

23TABLE2

Chart1

53231

76428

Comparison of Primary Language of Leading 20 Host Destinations

Leading Destinations

% Change

RankDestination2003/04from 02/03

TOTAL191,3119.6

1United Kingdom32,2371.7

2Italy21,92215.8

3Spain20,0806.4

4France13,7184.9

5Australia11,4186.8

6Mexico9,2935.9

7Germany5,9857.1

8Ireland5,1986.3

9China4,73790.0

10Costa Rica4,5105.0

11Japan3,7077.2

12Austria2,444-12.7

13New Zealand2,36923.6

14Cuba2,14845.7

15Chile2,1359.8

16Greece2,0994.4

17Czech Republic2,0894.6

18South Africa2,00926.0

19Russia1,79718.1

20Netherlands1,686-5.9

English v. Non-English

Destination2003/04

English53,231

TOTAL191,311Non-English76,428

ENGLISH

United Kingdom32,237

Australia11,418

Ireland5,198

New Zealand2,369

South Africa2,009

53,231

NON-ENGLISH

Spain20,080

France13,718

Mexico9,293

Germany5,985

China4,737

Costa Rica4,510

Japan3,707

Austria2,444

Cuba2,148

Chile2,135

Greece2,099

Czech Republic2,089

Russia1,797

Netherlands1,686

76,428


0

0



% of% Change

RankDestination2003/04Totalfrom 02/03

TOTAL191,3219.6

1United Kingdom32,23716.81.7

2Italy21,92211.515.8

3Spain20,08010.56.4

4France13,7187.24.9

5Australia11,4186.06.8

6Mexico9,2934.95.9

7Germany5,9853.17.1

8Ireland5,1982.76.3

9China4,7372.590.0

10Costa Rica4,5102.45.0

11Japan3,7071.97.2

12Austria2,4441.3-12.7

13New Zealand2,3691.223.6

14Cuba2,1481.145.7

15Chile2,1351.19.8

16Greece2,0991.14.4

17Czech Republic2,0891.14.6

18South Africa2,0091.126.0

19Russia1,7970.918.1

20Netherlands1,6860.9-5.9


Destination2003/04

English53,231


ENGLISH


Australia11,418

Ireland5,198

New Zealand2,369

South Africa2,009

53,231

NON-ENGLISH

Spain20,080

France13,718

Mexico9,293

Germany5,985

China4,737

Costa Rica4,510

Japan3,707

Austria2,444

Cuba2,148

Chile2,135

Greece2,099

Czech Republic2,089

Russia1,797

Netherlands1,686

76,428



MBD037ACE85.xls

Chart1

53231

76428



% Change

RankDestination2003/04from 02/03

TOTAL191,3119.6

1United Kingdom32,2371.7

2Italy21,92215.8

3Spain20,0806.4

4France13,7184.9

5Australia11,4186.8

6Mexico9,2935.9

7Germany5,9857.1

8Ireland5,1986.3

9China4,73790.0

10Costa Rica4,5105.0

11Japan3,7077.2

12Austria2,444-12.7

13New Zealand2,36923.6

14Cuba2,14845.7

15Chile2,1359.8

16Greece2,0994.4

17Czech Republic2,0894.6

18South Africa2,00926.0

19Russia1,79718.1

20Netherlands1,686-5.9


Destination2003/04

English53,231


ENGLISH


Australia11,418

Ireland5,198

New Zealand2,369

South Africa2,009

53,231

NON-ENGLISH

Spain20,080

France13,718

Mexico9,293

Germany5,985

China4,737

Costa Rica4,510

Japan3,707

Austria2,444

Cuba2,148

Chile2,135

Greece2,099

Czech Republic2,089

Russia1,797

Netherlands1,686

76,428



Bologna Process Highlightswww.eua.be

Changes by 2010:

EHEA with three cycles - All European universities deliver degrees based on a three cycle structure with generic descriptors for each cycle based on learning outcomes, competencies and credits for qualifications within the first and the second cycles

A shift from:-from a degree structure based on years to a credit and a term system-from a teaching to a student-centred approach-from an input-based approach to learning outcomes

Comparable DegreesBachelor (3 years)

Master (2 years)

PhD (3 + years)

All participating countries have agreed on a comparable three cycle degree system for undergarduates (Bachelor degrees) and graduates (Master and PhD degrees)

ECTS Credit Principles180 240 ECTS credits for Bachelor degree 90 120 ECTS credits for Master program depending on the discipline

-60 ECTS credits measure the workload of a full-time student during one academic year.

-A full time student workload amounts to about 1500-1800 hours per year (attending lectures, seminars, indipendent and private study, preparation of projects and examinations)

-Credits can only be obtained after successful completion of the work required and appropriate assessment of the learning outcome achieved

Diploma SupplementEach Diploma Supplement includes 8 sections with information on:

The degree holderThe qualificationThe level of the qualificationContents and results gainedThe functionAdditional informationCertificationThe context of the awarded degree in the form of a description of the higher education system itself

Joint DegreesA joint degree is one degree given by two or more higher education institutions together, for one study program jointly developed and implemented by all participating higher education institutions. A double degree is two or more degrees given by two or more higher education institutions for the same study program, in one way or another separately developed by and implemented in every participating higher education institution. A twinning program is a collaborative arrangement leading to a joint or a double degree. In order for a clear and productive discussion to take place, it is essential to be clear about the subtle difference between joint and double degrees.

10 Action Lines to Establish a European Higher Education Area (EHEA) by 2010

Adoption of a system of easily readable and comparable degreesAdoption of a system essentially based on two cyclesEstablishment of a system of creditsPromotion of mobilityPromotion of European co-operation in quality assurancePromotion of the European dimension in higher educationFocus on lifelong learningInclusion of higher education institutions and studentsPromotion of the attractiveness of the EHEADoctoral studies and the synergy between EHEA and EREA

Reform of Higher Education in the Slovak Republic Aiming on:

Increasing the access for Slovak citizens to HE

Program Diversification

Quality Assurance

Mobility

Access to Higher Education Number of Slovak Institutions of Higher Educationwww.uips.sk

2000200120022003200420052006Public17181919202020State 3 3 4 4 3 3 3Private 2 2 1 2 4 710

Total23232425272833

Quality AssuranceComplex Accreditation (both for teaching and research activities)

Evaluation by Slovak Academic Rating Agency

Agreement between the Slovak Ministry of Education and European University Association (EUA) on institutional evaluation of Slovak institutions of Higher Education

Mobility of Students and FacultyInstitutional Sources

Exchange programs based on bilateral government agreements, direct co-operation between universities, EU programs, EU-US co-operation, Fulbright Program etc.

Countries of Nationality of Foreign Students October 2005, www.uips.sk

Selected Countries of Study Abroad of Slovak Students 2004 www.oecd.org

National Stipend Program of the Slovak Government 2006 - 2010Scholarships for Slovak students of HE for a part of their Masters study for 1-2 semesters at any foreign accredited institution of HE

Scholarships for Slovak PhD. Students for study and research at any foregn institution of HE or research institution

Travel grans for Slovak students, PhD. Students and faculty supporting their study, research or lecturing abroad

M.R. tefnik Program2006 - 2010 Grants for doctoral or PhD. study in the field of economy, sociology, public administration, MBA, law

All expenses except travel, the participants have to return to Slovak Republic and work for 2 years for the Slovak government

EU-US Co-operation Program in Higher Education and Vocational Education and Training2006 - 2013Transtlantic Degree Action - joint study programs and joint/double degrees

Excellence Mobility Projects financial support for student mobility to join well functioting translatlantic consortia

Policy Oriented Measures comparative higher education and vocational training issues (including comparative studies and analysis, language and content integration, software and web development, e-learning,etc.

Schuman-Fulbright Action scholarships to highly qualified professionals in specific areas

Transtlantic Degree Action

The European Commission and the US Department of Education Fund for the Improvement of Post Secondary Education (FIPSE) are promoting the Program that can contribute to innovation and recognition of curricula and teaching methods and to the acquisition of skills required to meet the challenges of the global knowledge-based economy.

Proposals for Transatlantic Degrees may focus on any postsecondary programme of study provided that they clearly demonstrate how an international degree program will prepare students better for work in an international context. The 2006 call for proposals focuses on the undergraduate level (first cycle).

The new programme plans to implement over 200 projects with some 6.000 EU and US individuals participating in mobility activities over the eight year period from 2006 to 2013.

Financial SupportFrom the EU side for each selected 4-year consortia project a maximum funding of EUR 696.000, which will be earmarked as follows:

- EUR 576.000 for student mobility grants - EUR 60.000 for faculty mobility grants - EUR 60.000 for the partner institutions- EUR 50.000 for policy oriented measures

http://ec.europa.eu/education/programmes/eu-usa/index_en.htmlhttp://ec.europa.eu/comm/external_relations/us/sum06-06/index.htm

Thank You!Maria PaniakovaFulbright CommissionLevicka 3821 08 Bratislava 2Slovak RepublicPhone: +421-2-5542 5606Fax: +421-2-5557 7491Email: [email protected]://www.fulbright.sk

There was a 2.4% drop in students in the US over 2002-2003. Competition from other countries, new local educational opportunities (foreign institutions offering programs locally) and the perception that US visas are very difficult to obtain have contributed to the decline in applications and enrollments. Im sure you are all aware of how stressful the visa interview process is. Ive met students with full financial assistance awards and excellent English who spend months agonizing over whether or not theyll receive a visa.

Latin America 2.6% decrease, North America 3.6% increaseLatin America sending mostly for social sciences. Most govt sponsored program What about the global context of intl students in the US?

Global competition for international students is eroding the U.S. share, although it remains pre-eminent with 565,321 foreign students in 2004/05. U.S. international enrollments started declining in 2003/04, as other countries shares expanded. The charts below refer to 2003/04 data, the most recently available statistics for the other leading host countries. Many leading host countries now have national strategies and substantial budgets for attracting international students, including the U.K., Australia, France, Sweden, Netherlands, South Africa, China, Japan, and Germany. Americas approach remains decentralized, with a limited federal role and shrinking budgets on campuses.

Strong financial incentives, geo-political concerns, and the need for immigrant labor in high-tech areas are heating up global competition for students. However, according to Universities UK, recent surveys indicate an apparent decline in the numbers of international students applying and enrolling in the UK, with especially large projected drops in the numbers of Chinese students in the UK. The UK government is taking swift action to reverse this trend by investing more funds to attract and recruit international students, including a 4 million pound investment in a UK-China higher education partnership.

Reasons for Changes in International Student Enrollments in the US Expanding home country capacity of public/private higher ed institutions Intl Students perception of visa hurdles and high US tuition fees Alternative access to U.S. degrees (distance ed, joint degrees, etc) National Strategies and Investment by Competing Host Countries

Canada, Mexico, Columbia and Brazil have always been among the top sending countries. Venezuela used to be among the top 20, but has dropped.

international student mobility between europe and the united states: trends and resources maria...

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