international spectrum management and interference mitigation · operation in the bands not...
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International Spectrum Management and Interference Mitigation
International Spectrum Management and Interference Mitigation
Related ITU documents
Prevention of interference
Resolving cases of interference
Radiomonitoring as a complementary instrument of interference management
ITU studies on interference mitigation techniques
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Related
ITU Constitution and Convention – basic instruments of the Union containing several related provisions, e.g.:
CS 197 - All stations must be established and operated in such a manner as not to cause harmful interference to the radio services or communications of other Members which operate in accordance with the provisions of the Radio Regulations
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ITU Radio Regulations (RR) - the main regulatory document on international spectrum management
Main objective of RR is interference-free operation of stations
Provisions aimed at compatibility between radio services
ITU-Regional agreements
ITU-R Recommendation, Reports and Handbooks – technical information, including mitigation techniques
Related ITU documents
Prevention of interference
Resolving cases of interference
Radiomonitoring as a complementary instrument of interference management
ITU studies on interference mitigation techniques
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Possible reasons for interference
Operation in the bands not allocated by the Radio Regulations
Operation of non-coordinated frequency assignments
Operation with parameters different from the agreed ones, e.g. contained in a Plan, coordinated between administrations, recorded in the Master Register
Non-compliance with frequency tolerances of transmitters
Unwanted emissions i.e. out-of-band and spurious emissions
Unauthorized operations
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Radio Regulations and preventing interference (1)
Allocation of frequency blocks to radio services (Article 5)
Allocation to compatible services, e.g. fixed and land mobile
establishing priority in operation: primary and secondary allocations
Imposing regulatory/technical limitations on some allocations
Set of coordination procedures (Art. 9) -> to ensure compatibility
Art. 9 lists cases of mandatory coordination of stations prior to bringing them in operation
Examples: all space networks, AM(R)S vs. AMS(R)S in 5030 – 5091 MHz
Recording in Master Register, that is worldwide database of existing stations (Art. 11) -> status of international recognition
Stations recorded in MIFR shall be taken into account by other countries
This status is important for resolving cases of harmful interference
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Radio Regulations and preventing interference (2)
Establishing limits of transmitter frequency tolerances between 9 kHz to 40 GHz (App. 2) -> reduction of out-of-band interference
Establishing maximum power levels of unwanted emissions (App. 3) -> reduction of interference due to spurious emissions
Establishing requirements for licenses to radio stations (Art.18) -> reduction of unauthorized emissions
Introduction of requirements for installation and parameters of stations (Art. 15) to reduce interference, e.g.:
15.2 Transmitting stations shall radiate only as much power as is necessary to ensure a satisfactory service
15.4 locations of transmitting stations … shall be selected with particular care
15.5 radiation in and reception from unnecessary directions shall be minimized by … directional antennas
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ITU-R Region 1
ITU frequency plans
Plan - distribution of frequencies between countries or stations aimed at compatible operation -> stations in conformity with a Plan are supposed to operate without interference
Two types of plans: allotment (zones) and assignment (stations)
ITU maintains 12 terrestrial and 3 space Plans
3 plans for aeronautical mobile and ARNS services:
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AP26 – Worldwide allotment Plan for aeronautical mobile (off-route) service, HF (3025 – 18030 kHz )
AP27 - Worldwide allotment Plan for aeronautical mobile route service, HF (2850 – 22000 kHz)
GE85-R1-AER: Region 1 assignment plan for aeronautical radionavigation service, MF bands
Distress and safety frequencies/services
Special consideration for safety services: RNS, AM(R)S, AMS(R)S
4.10 Member States recognize that the safety aspects of radionavigation and other safety services require special measures to ensure their freedom from harmful interference…
15.8 Special consideration shall be given to avoiding interference on distress and safety frequencies, those …identified in Article 31 and those related to safety and regularity of flight identified in Appendix 27
Absolute protection of distress and safety frequencies in App.15
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…Any emission causing harmful interference to distress and safety communications on any of the discrete frequencies identified in this
Appendix is prohibited.
Related ITU documents
Prevention of interference
Resolving cases of interference
Radiomonitoring as a complementary instrument of interference management
ITU studies on interference mitigation techniques
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Procedure in case of interference
Procedure in a case of harmful interference is described in Article 15 of the Radio Regulations
Administrations try to resolve the problem bilaterally, on the basis of goodwill and mutual assistance
Interference may be treated by operators directly, e.g. coordination of cellular networks in border areas
Administration may report interference to ITU/BR for information
for assistance
Request for assistance should contain technical and operational details and copies of the correspondence
Interference cases should be reported in form of Appendix 10
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Identification of source of interference using information in the Report of harmful interference
using information in the Master Register
requesting assistance of radiomonitoring stations of different countries
Determination of the cause of interference
Determination of regulatory status of the stations involved primary or secondary services
conformity with the Frequency Allocation Table and allocation conditions, e.g. coordination requirements, power limits
recording in the Master Register
Technical studies, if necessary
Development of recommendations, contacting administrations
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Cases of interference to distress and safety frequencies, to AM(S)S communications are treated by the BR within 24 hour period
If interference persist
Interference case may be reported to the Radio Regulations Board (12 elected members, 2 – 3 meetings per year)
Interference case can be brought to the attention of a world radiocommunication conference for consideration
Organization of treatment of interference cases in BR:
Centralization of processing of all interference cases in one division
Assistance of the services concerned, if required
Statistics – totally 67 cases treated by the BR in 2012
Terrestrial services: 43 cases, including 16 cases related to safety services
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Interference to aircraft/ship GPS receivers of administration “A” on 1227 MHz and 1575 MHz in March-May 2012
Source: ground-based station of neighboring Administration “B”, operating in a non-allocated band , at 9 km from border
BR actions: letter to Administration “B” responsible for interference -> request to identify the source, eliminate interference, avoid reoccurrence
Development: MOC between ICAO and ITU on GNSS protection, 17.12.12
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Prior to WRC-12 several interference cases to satellite networks seriously degrading their performance were reported to the BR and RRB
14 European countries proposed to WRC-12 to add a new provision on preventing cases of deliberate interference to Radio Regulations :
15.1A § 1bis Member States are responsible for ending transmissions of signals originating from their territory and intended or designed to disturb or
prevent the reception of other signals.
WRC-12 discussions in Ad hoc Group (B. Gracie) , output:
Confirmed that intentional interference represent infringements of RR; countries having jurisdiction over interfering signals have the obligation to take the necessary actions
MOD 15.21 If an administration has information of an infringement of the Constitution, the Convention or Radio Regulations, (in particular Article 45 of the Constitution and No. 15.1 of the Radio Regulations) committed by a station over which it may exercise authority under its jurisdiction, the administration it shall
ascertain the facts, fix the responsibility and take the necessary actions.
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Related ITU documents
Prevention of interference
Resolving cases of interference
Radiomonitoring as a complementary instrument of interference management
ITU studies on interference mitigation techniques
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International Monitoring System International Monitoring System (IMS): monitoring stations and centralizing offices of administrations or group of administration.
Objectives: assistance in cases of interference, in protection of safety services, evaluation the actual spectrum use, verification compliance of transmitted signals, detecting illegal transmitters
Monitoring station notified to ITU and published in List VIII
Uniform coverage of the world by monitoring stations of ITU monitoring programs is basis for successful operation of IMS
BR prepares and publishes summaries of monitoring data, supplied by IMS stations, according Article 16 of the RR
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Related ITU documents
Prevention of interference
Resolving cases of interference
Radiomonitoring as a complementary instrument of interference management
ITU studies on interference mitigation techniques
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Organization of studies: Radiocommunication Assembly -> Study Groups -> Working Parties (e.g. WP5B for maritime, aeronautical and radiodetermination services)
Areas of studies: spectrum management, radiomonitoring, spectrum requirements, system parameters, propagation, sharing, protection criteria, interference mitigation, etc.
Study Groups products:
Technical bases for Radiocommunication Conferences
ITU-R Recommendations
ITU-R reports and Handbooks
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Documents containing general information ITU Handbook on National Spectrum Management (Edition 2005), Chapter 5
Recommendation ITU-R SM.1132-2 “General principles and methods for sharing between radiocommunication services or between radio stations”
Recommendation ITU-R SM.1446 “Definition and measurement of intermodulation products in transmitter using frequency, phase, or complex modulation techniques”,
Recommendation SM.1541-4 “Unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain”,
Sharing between specific services Recommendation ITU-R M.1841 “Compatibility between FM sound-broadcasting systems in 87-108 MHz and the aeronautical ground-based augmentation system in 108-117.975 MHz”
Recommendation ITU-R M.1459 “Protection criteria for telemetry systems in the aeronautical mobile service and mitigation techniques to facilitate sharing with BSS/MSS in 1 452-1 525 MHz and 2 310-2 360 MHz ”
Recommendation ITU-R M.589 “Technical characteristics of methods of data transmission and interference protection for radionavigation services in the frequency bands between 70 and 130 kHz”
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The entire ITU regulatory framework (Constitution, Convention, RR) is aimed at interference-free operation of radio stations
RR contain a set of regulatory, operational and technical measures to prevent interference
Cases of harmful interference are dealt by administrations concerned with possible assistance of the BR, RRB and WRC
Special attention is paid to prevention and elimination of interference to safety services, distress and safety frequencies
ITU established International Monitoring System and conducts monitoring programs that assist in interference management
ITU-R studies sharing and mitigation to create a technical basis, for compatible operation of stations
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