International Space Station:Investing in Humanity’s Future

International International Exploration Exploration FrameworkFramework

William RussellWilliam RussellWill.russell@cobham.comWill.russell@cobham.com

ASTE 527ASTE 527

December 15, 2009December 15, 2009

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BackgroundWhat we do well, and what we need to overcome

• NASA StrengthsNASA Strengths• Capacity: Capacity: Orion will seat 2X as ApolloOrion will seat 2X as Apollo• Reliability: Reliability: USA #1 in safe, manned exploration USA #1 in safe, manned exploration • Infrastructure: Infrastructure: ISS Access & many “COTS” suppliersISS Access & many “COTS” suppliers

• NASA WeaknessesNASA Weaknesses– Inadequate time/funding: Inadequate time/funding: Ares I, Ares V, Altair, etcAres I, Ares V, Altair, etc– Not Top National Priority: Not Top National Priority: Backseat to job creationBackseat to job creation

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• Give ISS partners seats on upcoming Give ISS partners seats on upcoming NEO/MARS/ MOON mission in return NEO/MARS/ MOON mission in return for financing for financing

• COTS suppliers meet this demand and COTS suppliers meet this demand and grow jobs in U.S. grow jobs in U.S.

• If necessary, sell mission “privileges” If necessary, sell mission “privileges” for additional fundingfor additional funding– First footsteps on destination surface: $XXBFirst footsteps on destination surface: $XXB

– Mission return off partner’s coastline: $XB Mission return off partner’s coastline: $XB

Proposed Solution:International Exploration Framework for economic growth

ISS would store exploration supplies delivered by COTS flights

The first footprints on an exploration mission are probably worth billions in national prestige alone

Orion CEV could splashdown near a partners coastline – a huge spectacle

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BenefitsHarmonize our approach with our constraints

Creates US Jobs NOW with Foreign Investment Also further international relations & free-tradeAlso further international relations & free-trade

Explore Space Despite Inadequate NASA Resources Little or no increase in NASA budget requiredLittle or no increase in NASA budget required 3 Americans act as “mission hosts” on each mission Leverage investment in ISS rendezvous, interfaces, etcLeverage investment in ISS rendezvous, interfaces, etc

Fully Compatible with Augustine Study Don’t need to build additional ARES vehicle or AltairDon’t need to build additional ARES vehicle or Altair Can leverage existing work on Orion CEV and Ares I Utilize COTS heavily Supports ISS beyond 2015

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1. Int’l funded COTS Pre-Supply Missions1. Int’l funded COTS Pre-Supply Missions

2. Int’l CEV Crew2. Int’l CEV Crew

4. Int’l Exploration Mission

4. Int’l Exploration Mission

5. Int’l Splashdown & Homecoming

5. Int’l Splashdown & Homecoming

3. ISS Mission Supply Depot

3. ISS Mission Supply Depot

Concept of Operations

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Concept Implications Necessary adaptations to status quo

• Political/OrganizationalPolitical/Organizational– NASA Charter must be adapted NASA Charter must be adapted

to accommodate “global trade” to accommodate “global trade” mindsetmindset

• TechnicalTechnical– ISS must accommodate depot ISS must accommodate depot

size, mass & power req’tssize, mass & power req’ts– Additional truss structure may Additional truss structure may

be required to depot suppliesbe required to depot suppliesISS initially designed to support a “dual keel” for expansion

White House is already keen on Int’l partnership

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ISS PartnersAn expanded customer base for COTS services

• United States (GDP: $13.84T)United States (GDP: $13.84T)• Japan (GDP: $4.27T)Japan (GDP: $4.27T)• Russia (GDP: $1.29T)Russia (GDP: $1.29T)• Canada (GDP: $1.27T)Canada (GDP: $1.27T)• ESAESA

– Germany (GDP: $2.8T) Germany (GDP: $2.8T) – France (GDP: $2.6T) France (GDP: $2.6T) – United Kingdom (GDP: $2.13T) United Kingdom (GDP: $2.13T) – Italy (GDP: $1.8T) Italy (GDP: $1.8T) – Spain (GDP: $1.36T) Spain (GDP: $1.36T) – Netherlands (GDP: $827B)Netherlands (GDP: $827B)– Belgium (GDP: $376.5B) Belgium (GDP: $376.5B) – Sweden (GDP: $338.5B) Sweden (GDP: $338.5B) – Switzerland (GDP: $303.2B)Switzerland (GDP: $303.2B)– Norway (GDP: $246.6B) Norway (GDP: $246.6B) – Denmark (GDP: $203.3B) Denmark (GDP: $203.3B)

$2.29T

$12.98T

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Mission Logistics Fitting the puzzle pieces together

• Modest number of Int’l Modest number of Int’l flights can accumulate flights can accumulate enough mass at ISS to enough mass at ISS to replace an HLVreplace an HLV11

• ESA & Japanese Transfer ESA & Japanese Transfer Vehicles (TV) have Vehicles (TV) have enough mass to deliver enough mass to deliver entire stagesentire stages• Could explore use of Could explore use of

“common design “common design exploration stages” exploration stages”

Provider PL to ISS # of Missions

Total Mass

OSC 2,000 kg 10 20,000

SpaceX 2,500 kg 10 25,000

Orion 5,000 kg 2 10,000

Japan TV 7,600 kg 1 7,600

ESA TV 7,600 kg 1 7,600

TOTAL 13 70,200 kg

1: Notional ARES-V claims 71,000Kg to TLI