international seaweed symposium: genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Germplasm banking of the giant kelp:
our biological insurance in a changing
environment
Sara Barrento CIIMAR Portugal
Swansea University, UK
Carolina Camus I~MAR, Chile
Isabel Sousa-Pinto CIIMAR Rortugal
Alejandro Buschmann I~MAR, Chile
![Page 2: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
East West
FARMING HARVESTING CATCH UP
The drivers:
Biofuels
IMTA
![Page 3: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
BIOMASS
PRODUCTION
NUTRIENT
REMOVAL
NUTRIENT
REMOVAL
NUTRIENT
REMOVAL
NUTRIENT
REMOVAL
NUTRIENT
REMOVAL
NUTRIENT
REMOVAL BIOMASS
PRODUCTION
BIOMASS
PRODUCTION
BIOMASS
PRODUCTION
BIOMASS
PRODUCTION
BIOMASS
PRODUCTION
BIOMASS
PRODUCTION
![Page 4: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Saccharina japonica Ye et al. 2015; Shan et al. 2011;
Zhang et al.2015
PorpHyra tenera Niwa et al. 2009
Eucheuma and Kappaphycus Halling et al. 2013
Gigartina skottsbergii Faugeron et al. 2004
Gracilaria chilensis Guillemin et al. 2008
Genetic Diversity loss in farmed seaweeds
![Page 5: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Production decline after 3 years
Pathogens
Epiphytes Herbivores
![Page 6: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Lacks of sustainable harvesting alongside
a sustainable domestication program
![Page 7: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The seaweed aquaculture industry relies in the
serial sub-culture of restricted germplasm banks
Saccharina cultivars farmed in China, have a low genetic
diversity because of a restricted germplasm base; and
continuous selfing (Ye et al. 2015).
![Page 8: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
We need a Bioinsurance
11th of March of 2011, the aquaculture of U. pinnatifida along the Sanriku
Coast was almost completely destroyed by the tsunami that hit Japan
![Page 9: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
2010
2011
2015
2012 Sample collection
dates.
All populations: North,
Centre and South,
were collected in each
year and stocked
individually by sex.
Viability check based on
morphology and pigments
To create a germplasm bank
for 3 different populations of
the giant kelp in the coast of
Chile and assess its viability
after 5 years in suspended state aim
![Page 10: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
wh
ere
?
2010
2011
2015
2012 Sample collection
dates.
All populations: North,
Centre and South,
were collected in each
year and stocked
individually by sex.
Viability check based on
morphology and pigments
Centre
South
North
![Page 11: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2010
2011
2015
2012 Sample of all populations:
North, Centre & South,
stocked individually by sex
in controled conditions
10°C; 2-4 μmol m-2s-1; in
Provasoli
Viability check based on
morphology and pigments
how?
![Page 12: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
23,048 GAMETOPHYTES
![Page 13: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
up to 54%
VIABLE
![Page 14: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
0
20
40
602010
2011 2012
South
Centre
North VIA
BIL
ITY
![Page 15: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
not related with
stocking duration
VIABILITY
depends on genetic
population
2010
2011 2012
50 % viable in the Centre
6 % viable in the South 2012
![Page 16: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
2010
2011
2015
2012 Sample collection
dates.
All populations: North,
Centre and South,
were collected in each
year and stocked
individually by sex.
Viability check based on
morphology and pigments
….
Seeking opportunity to develop a joint program to develop
an international bank of different species and populations
worldwide.
so what? Unique bank in the world
Efficient method to preserve
gametophytes up to 5 years
Stocking individuals by sex allows
future genetic improvement
![Page 17: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Unique bank in the world
Efficient method to preserve
gametophytes up to 5 years
Assessment after 5 years in suspended state, with 50%
viability
Stocking individuals by sex allows future genetic
improvement
Gametophytes can also be used for: conservation
purposes population restocking
aquaculture management toxicological
research
gametogeneses studies
….
Seeking opportunity to develop a joint program to develop
an international bank of different species and populations
worldwide.
so what?
conservation purposes
population restocking
aquaclture management
toxicological research
gameogeneses studies
Gametophytes can also be used for:
![Page 18: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
now what?
We
need to Develop efficient protocols
Cold storage seems to be efficient
Standardize viability methods &
storage duration
Sufficient quantities
![Page 19: International Seaweed Symposium: Genetic diversity is being lost at a fast pace](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030308/58ed0b8d1a28ab9e1b8b4701/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Acknowledgements
Portugal FCT
CIIMAR
Chile
UK Swansea University
Universidad de Los Lagos
CeBib