international scientific data sharing: benefits and opportunities prof. dr. atta-ur-rahman, frs
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International Scientific Data Sharing: Benefits and Opportunities Prof. Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman, FRS UNESCO Science Laureate. A Connected World !. The Digital Age --- digital divides! An Age where Truth is Often Stranger than Fiction! The Knowledge Explosion New Challenges and Opportunities - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
International Scientific Data Sharing: Benefits and
Opportunities
Prof. Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman, FRSUNESCO Science Laureate
A Connected World !The Digital Age --- digital divides!The Digital Age --- digital divides!An Age where Truth is Often Stranger than An Age where Truth is Often Stranger than
Fiction!Fiction!The Knowledge ExplosionThe Knowledge ExplosionNew Challenges and OpportunitiesNew Challenges and OpportunitiesTransitioning to a Knowledge EconomyTransitioning to a Knowledge EconomyA Key Factor: Networking and Data SharingA Key Factor: Networking and Data SharingPakistan: A Case StudyPakistan: A Case Study
The Digital Age
Death of Distance Death of Distance Networking Presents New OpportunitiesNetworking Presents New Opportunities ICT Driving Growth ICT Driving Growth CommerceCommerce TelemedicineTelemedicine E GovernanceE Governance GISGIS Remote Controlled InstrumentationRemote Controlled Instrumentation
Truth Stranger than Fiction !!
Blind seeing with the TongueBlind seeing with the TongueParalysed moving wheel chairsParalysed moving wheel chairs--- with --- with
thought controlthought controlLuminescent OrchidsLuminescent OrchidsMetamaterials – making invisibleMetamaterials – making invisibleStem cellsStem cells
Requirements for Rapid Progress
Human capital Human capital with knowledgewith knowledge and skillsand skills
TechnologyTechnology
Innovation/Entrepreneurship Innovation/Entrepreneurship Infrastructure Infrastructure and incentives to innovateand incentives to innovate
Mechanisms: Networking, Data Sharing, Mechanisms: Networking, Data Sharing, Knowledge generation and applicationKnowledge generation and application
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The Knowledge Explosion ICT serving to level out the playing fieldICT serving to level out the playing field
Share of developing countries as % of world Share of developing countries as % of world research publications increased from 20.9% research publications increased from 20.9% to 32%to 32%
Share of developed countries declined from Share of developed countries declined from 84.3% to 75.3% in same period84.3% to 75.3% in same period
UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT 2010UNESCO SCIENCE REPORT 2010
New Challenges and Opportunities!
Challenges: Challenges: Diminishing young populations Diminishing young populations in many countries opting for researchin many countries opting for research
Lack of vision in leaderships of many Lack of vision in leaderships of many developing countriesdeveloping countries
OpportunitiesOpportunities: The advent of a knowledge : The advent of a knowledge ageage
Easier to Catch up---given the political will Easier to Catch up---given the political will eg. China, Korea etc.eg. China, Korea etc.
Impact of just one institution----MIT
MIT graduates and faculty have founded 4000 companies
Employ: 1.1 million people Annual Sales: $ 240 billion Collectively these companies are the 18th
largest economy in the World!
Constraints of a Developing Country
Lack of a vision, strategy, action plan to transition Lack of a vision, strategy, action plan to transition to Knowledge Economiesto Knowledge Economies
Inability to Use Data due to:Inability to Use Data due to: 1) 1) Lack of critical mass of Quality Lack of critical mass of Quality
ResearchersResearchers 2) Lack of ICT Infra-structure2) Lack of ICT Infra-structure 3) 3) Lack of Funds for Research/LibrariesLack of Funds for Research/Libraries 4) Lack of Incentives for Academics to publish 4) Lack of Incentives for Academics to publish
(universities are actually community colleges)(universities are actually community colleges)
Open Access --- the New Wave!
Open Access JournalsOpen Access Journals
Open Access Journal ArticlesOpen Access Journal Articles
Open Access BooksOpen Access Books
Open Access Book ChaptersOpen Access Book Chapters
Open Access LecturesOpen Access Lectures
Open SourceMIT Open Source MIT Open Source Materials --- A Materials --- A
Wonderful InitiativeWonderful Initiative
Apple iTunes U Apple iTunes U : Another great source of : Another great source of datadata
Host of Other Materials Freely Available Host of Other Materials Freely Available on Interneton Internet
Data SharingData Sharing Telemedicine Telemedicine
Sharing GIS Data --- Sharing GIS Data --- Web based GIS for Web based GIS for sharing geographical data, E governancesharing geographical data, E governance
International GridInternational Grid: CERN calculations --- across : CERN calculations --- across the world!the world!
Remote Control of Science Experiments: Remote Control of Science Experiments: NMR NMR
An Example from a Developing Country: Pakistan
Pakistan---An Exciting Beginning !!
My appointment as Federal Minister of Science My appointment as Federal Minister of Science & Technology and Federal Minister-Chairman & Technology and Federal Minister-Chairman Higher Education Commission (2000-2008)Higher Education Commission (2000-2008)
6000% increase in budget of Science 6000% increase in budget of Science & Technology& Technology
2400% increase in budget of higher 2400% increase in budget of higher educationeducation
Systematically Addressing the Constraints in Data
Sharing
CONSTRAINT ONE ----CONSTRAINT ONE ----National Vision, Strategy and National Vision, Strategy and
Action PlanAction Plan
Cabinet Cabinet (on 19 November 2003)(on 19 November 2003)
Entrusted Prof. Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman toEntrusted Prof. Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman to
Prepare a comprehensive National Prepare a comprehensive National Development Plan – Transitioning to a Development Plan – Transitioning to a Knowledge EconomyKnowledge Economy
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Areas• AgricultureAgriculture• TextilesTextiles• LeatherLeather• MaterialsMaterials• Chemicals & Chemicals &
PharmaceuticalsPharmaceuticals• Engineering GoodsEngineering Goods• ElectronicsElectronics
• Energy / PowerEnergy / Power• TelecommunicationsTelecommunications• Information TechnologyInformation Technology• Construction & HousingConstruction & Housing• TransportationTransportation• Strategic Industries / Strategic Industries /
TechnologiesTechnologies
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MethodologyMethodology StudyStudy undertaken: PCST + PIDE undertaken: PCST + PIDE 12 Committees12 Committees ( several hundred eminent scientists, ( several hundred eminent scientists,
engineers, planners, economists and private sector engineers, planners, economists and private sector representatives)representatives)
ConsultationConsultation with with Federal / ProvincialFederal / Provincial Ministries Ministries Consultation with Consultation with PAEC, KRL, NESCOM, SPDPAEC, KRL, NESCOM, SPD etc. etc. Intensive Brainstorming SessionsIntensive Brainstorming Sessions: :
SWOT AnalysisSWOT Analysis Strategies IdentifiedStrategies Identified Action Plan prepared in each fieldAction Plan prepared in each field
Important projects for implementing the Action Plan IdentifiedImportant projects for implementing the Action Plan Identified Will need to reviewed and revised constantlyWill need to reviewed and revised constantly
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Technology gap
Example:
Fan Industry: Korea sells 10 times more fans (with noise reduction technology) than Pakistan
Policy gap We have ignored the paradigm shift in world trade
which is towards high tech products
Innovation gap Lack of organized effort to promote innovation/
entrepreneurship
Gaps
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ApproachFocus, Focus, Focus!
Prepare Prepare prioritized listprioritized list of “Doable” projects of “Doable” projects in each sectorin each sector
Clearly Clearly identifyidentify What is to be done ?What is to be done ?
Who will do it ?Who will do it ?
Implementation timeframe ?Implementation timeframe ?
Human resource requirements ?Human resource requirements ?
Cost of project ?Cost of project ?
Impact on national economy ? Impact on national economy ?
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Foresight Document (270 Foresight Document (270 pages) Approvedpages) Approved
National Implementation CommitteeNational Implementation Committee constituted under Prime Minister constituted under Prime Minister comprising relevant Ministries, comprising relevant Ministries, eminent scientists, engineers, eminent scientists, engineers, Secretaries and Private Sector Secretaries and Private Sector representativesrepresentatives
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Cabinet DecisionCabinet Decision
Systematically Addressing the Constraints in Data
Sharing
CONSTRAINT Two ----CONSTRAINT Two ---- Developing Critical Mass of Developing Critical Mass of
High Quality ResearchersHigh Quality Researchers(developing national abilities to (developing national abilities to
generate, share and utilize data)generate, share and utilize data)
Challenge: How do we attract our brightest to
Education/Research ?Pakistan has 85 million below age 19 (54%
of population) !
Both a Challenge and an OpportunityBoth a Challenge and an Opportunity
It is the brightest among them who must It is the brightest among them who must provide the leadership in all fields---education, provide the leadership in all fields---education, S&T, GovernmentS&T, Government
HOW ??
1)1) Excite young minds about the wonders of science about the wonders of science !!
2) 2) Select and train the Brightest in top universities abroad
3) 3) Attract them back--- by creating an enabling -- by creating an enabling environment :environment :
Salaries Research Funding Access to Literature/ Instrumentation Critical Mass—create clusters !
Attracting the Brightest Attracting the Brightest !!
Dramatic Change in Salary Structures/Benefits
Under new “Tenure Track” system salaries of Professors raised to over US $ 5,000 per month (equal to US$ 7,000 per month after tax concessions)---five times more than Federal Ministers in Government !
Performance based systemPerformance based system 75% Tax waiver for University Teachers
(maximum 5%)
Massive Foreign scholarship programsNearly 11,000 awarded (mostly for Nearly 11,000 awarded (mostly for
Europe)Europe)World’s largest Fulbright Scholarship World’s largest Fulbright Scholarship
program for the USprogram for the USEach returning scholar given access to $ Each returning scholar given access to $
100,000 research fund 100,000 research fund with guaranteed with guaranteed jobs at excellent salaries on tenure track jobs at excellent salaries on tenure track systemsystem
About US$ 1 Billion being spent on Foreign Scholarships (1500 in IT)
Indigenous PhD programs promoted
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Distribution of Approved Project CostDistribution of Approved Project Cost
Systematically Addressing the Constraints in Data
Sharing
CONSTRAINT THREE ----CONSTRAINT THREE ----Developing world class infra-Developing world class infra-
structure --- the knowledge structure --- the knowledge highways!highways!
Paksat 1
Ku Band
C-Band
Virtual University 4 Digital Satellite (PAKSAT-1) TV
Channels for content delivery (License for 2 granted)
Satellite Earth Station 2 Recording StudiosPotential for providing high quality
training in remote areas of Pakistan
3131
August 14, 200029 Cities
Spread of Internet Services in Cities & Towns of Pakistan
Information Technology
1050
2000
580
290
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
822 cities on the Internet
2002
Iran
Afghanistan
India
China
From 40 to 1,000 Cities on Optical Fibre (2000-2005)
SDH/PDH (525/622 Mb/s) backbone being
upgraded to DWDM
10 Gb/s
Internet user growth
Internet users
-
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
Internet users
Start point
Today
June 2000: 130,000 Oct 2006: >12 million
Actual users more than 20
Million!
Dial up
Plummeting costs….
Cost /E1
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
US
$
Cost /E1
Start point
Today
June 2000: US$ 87,000/E1 August 2001: US$ 6,000 October 2004 : US$ 3,800 Now US$ 950 per month/2 Mb/s !
Communications Network---the Effect of one Good Decision!
1992-2000, little Growth(300,000 phones)2001, CPP regime brought in
Network expansion of 3 million phone-lines ordered in 2002 ! Mobilink, U-fone
Explosive growth continues till today (over 100 million phones today—hottest sector of the economy)
Pakistan Education & Research Pakistan Education & Research NetworkNetwork
PERN – I Status (2003 – 08)Universities/ Institutes 80
Core Bandwidth 155 Mbps
Last Mile Bandwidth 4-24 Mbps
International Leased Circuit
155 Mbps
PERN – II Plans (2009 - 2013)Universities/ Institutes/R&E Org.
250+
Core Bandwidth 10 Gbps
Last Mile Bandwidth 1 Gbps
International Leased Circuit 1.3 Gbps
Systematically Addressing the Constraints in Data
Sharing
CONSTRAINT FOUR ----CONSTRAINT FOUR ----The Contents ---- Access to The Contents ---- Access to
Information!Information!
Digital LibraryE-Journals: 25,000 full text journals
E-Books: access to over 45,000 text books and monographs -- 220 220 international publishersinternational publishers
MIT Mirror Web siteMIT Mirror Web site
Ever since its inception, Digital Library is striving hard to provide our institutions with superior quality peer-reviewed, full-text, academic and research material in the shape of e-journals as well as e-books. There are more than 75 Thousand e 75 Thousand e contents contents available to researchers ..
Springer LinkSpringer Link Project MUSEProject MUSECambridge Uni. PressCambridge Uni. Press Science OnlineScience OnlineWiley InterscienceWiley Interscience IEEE IEEEJSTOR JSTOR EbraryEbraryMcGraw-Hill ProfessionalMcGraw-Hill Professional ISI – Web of ScienceISI – Web of ScienceScience DirectScience Direct EmeraldEmerald
For a complete list of e-resources please visit www.digitallibrary.edu.pk
40
E-Resources
National Digital Library Program
Downloads - Overall Usage
41National Digital Library Program
Usage Stats – An Insight
0
1
2
3
4
5
Nos
. in
Mill
ions
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Articles Downloaded
International Video-lecturing Program / Distance Learning
High quality video-conferencing equipment installed
Series of international lectures (nation-wide) by top professors from leading world universities
Complete Courses Now Being Delivered: Sri Lanka, Thailand, Pakistan etc benefiting
URL: http:\\111.68.111.200/moodle
Video Conferencing Facility
4343
Launched in Dec 2006
2006 2007 2008 2009 Total
Universities Equipped 4 14 16 36 70
Events organized 14 532 490 894 1921
EventsLectures
/ Presenta
tions
Conferences
Technical
Discussion
Meetings
Interviews
Total Events
2006 3 3 8 - - 14
2007 154 10 276 63 20 523
2008 63 7 316 82 22 490
2009 63 10 630 167 24 894
Total 283 30 1230 312 66 1921
Telemedicine Pakistan’s Telemedicine Program Initiated in Pakistan’s Telemedicine Program Initiated in
20012001
Selected Doctors Trained in USASelected Doctors Trained in USA
Proved invaluable when earthquake devastated Proved invaluable when earthquake devastated northern areasnorthern areas
Over 4000 tele-consultations providedOver 4000 tele-consultations provided
Systematically Addressing the Constraints in Data
Sharing
CONSTRAINT FIVE ----CONSTRAINT FIVE ---- Controlling Improper Use of Controlling Improper Use of
Available Data --- Plagiarism!Available Data --- Plagiarism!
National Plagiarism Policy National Plagiarism Policy prepared and National Plagiarism Policy prepared and
implementedimplemented Software (“Authentcate”/”Turnitin”) provided to Software (“Authentcate”/”Turnitin”) provided to
all universities/institutionsall universities/institutions Plagiarism “watch dog” set upPlagiarism “watch dog” set up All theses and research papers checked by All theses and research papers checked by
universities & centrally monitoreduniversities & centrally monitored National Archives created for all National National Archives created for all National
Publications (M.Phil./Ph.D. Theses, books etc).Publications (M.Phil./Ph.D. Theses, books etc).
IMPACTIMPACT
Increasing Access1947-2003 : 135,000 university students1947-2003 : 135,000 university students 2009 : 400,000 university students2009 : 400,000 university students
No. of Public Sector Universities / Degree No. of Public Sector Universities / Degree Awarding Institutes : Doubled from 59 in Awarding Institutes : Doubled from 59 in 2000 to 127 in 20092000 to 127 in 2009
ResultsResults600% in ISI abstracted publications600% in ISI abstracted publications
1000% increase in citations over 1000% increase in citations over last 4 yearslast 4 years
Tripling of enrolment and doubling Tripling of enrolment and doubling of universitiesof universities
Year wise Research Output-PakistanYear wise Research Output-Pakistan
PhD Output
World University RankingsHigher Education Times, UK Rankings, Higher Education Times, UK Rankings,
November 2009:November 2009:
Several Pakistani universities ranked Several Pakistani universities ranked among the top 300 universities of the among the top 300 universities of the World World : : Karachi University at 223 Karachi University at 223
Natl.science) , NUST at 263, NUST at Natl.science) , NUST at 263, NUST at 281281
QAU at 69 in Engineering-related disciplineQAU at 69 in Engineering-related discipline
Glowing International Reviews-- World BankWorld Bank USAIDUSAID British CouncilBritish Council
““NatureNature””--27--27thth November 2007---- “The November 2007---- “The Paradox of Pakistan”Paradox of Pakistan”
““NatureNature”” --28 --28thth August 2008--- “After August 2008--- “After Musharraf”Musharraf”
““NatureNature”--- 3”--- 3rdrd September 2009 September 2009 ““NatureNature” --- 22” --- 22ndnd September 2010 September 2010
Nature, 22nd September 2010
5454
“Rahman's strong scientific background, enthusiasm for reform and impressive ability to secure cash made him a hit at home and abroad----
It really was an anomaly that we had a person of that stature with that kind of backing
Atta-ur-Rahman was a force of nature."
Highest Civil Award of Austria
International Prize for Pakistan I was selected for the TWAS (Italy) Prize I was selected for the TWAS (Italy) Prize
for Institution Buildingfor Institution Building
Prize was conferred and Prize Lecture Prize was conferred and Prize Lecture delivered by me in Durban, South Africa delivered by me in Durban, South Africa last monthlast month
Royal Society (London)In a survey entitledIn a survey entitled “A New Golden “A New Golden
Age ?”Age ?” the Royal Society has come the Royal Society has come forward with examples of recent forward with examples of recent positive changes in some Islamic positive changes in some Islamic countries and quoted countries and quoted Pakistan as the Pakistan as the best practice model to be followed by best practice model to be followed by other developing countriesother developing countries
PAKISTAN’s PotentialPAKISTAN’s Potential
Winners of International Science Olympiads
A GROUP OF GERMAN STUDENTS
THANK YOUTHANK YOU