international relations. the geography of iran iranian oil resources
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International RelationsInternational Relations
The Geography of The Geography of IranIran
The Geography of The Geography of IranIran
Iranian Oil ResourcesIranian Oil ResourcesIranian Oil ResourcesIranian Oil Resources
Dr. Mohammad Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh,Mossadegh,
Prime Minister of IranPrime Minister of Iran
Dr. Mohammad Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh,Mossadegh,
Prime Minister of IranPrime Minister of Iran Became Prime Minister in 1951.
Was toppled in a coup aided by the America CIA in 1953.
The Shah (King) of Iran
returns to power.Goal: Iran supports the West during the Cold War, not the Soviet Union Q4
Shah Reza PahlaviShah Reza Pahlavi(r. 1941 – 1977)(r. 1941 – 1977)
Shah Reza PahlaviShah Reza Pahlavi(r. 1941 – 1977)(r. 1941 – 1977)
Institutes Western reforms & ties with the West
Very secular Goal of modernization
Recognizes IsraelMajority of his people live in poverty.
Brutal suppression of dissidents Q5
The Shah The Shah & His Wife, Farah& His Wife, Farah
The Shah The Shah & His Wife, Farah& His Wife, Farah
Iranian elite/upper- and intellectual classes: verypro-Western.
““The White The White Revolution”Revolution”
The Shah’s Reform Program The Shah’s Reform Program (1963)(1963)
““The White The White Revolution”Revolution”
The Shah’s Reform Program The Shah’s Reform Program (1963)(1963)
1. Land reform – 90% of Iran’s peasants became land owners.
2. Massive government-financed heavy industry projects.
3. Granted women more political power – the right to vote.
4. Poured government money into education – especially in rural areas where illiteracy was very high.
5. Nationalization of forests and pasture lands.
Iran-US RelationsIran-US RelationsIran-US RelationsIran-US Relations
1953 - “Atoms for Peace” program establishes nuclear cooperation program between the US, Iran and other countries
1959 Tehran Nuclear Research Center (TNRC) established
1967 TNRC equipped with US research reactor, fueled by highly enriched uranium
Q5
Distributed nuclear technology, materials, and information to less-technologically advanced countries.
The Shah with The Shah with Several American Several American
PresidentsPresidents
The Shah with The Shah with Several American Several American
PresidentsPresidents
1979197919791979
Reasons for the Reasons for the Fall of the ShahFall of the ShahReasons for the Reasons for the Fall of the ShahFall of the Shah
The Shah spent the oil profits for top of the line American military hardware.
Little money to reinvest back into the Iranian economy.
Religious leaders angry with the Shah for too much
“Westernization.”
Government corruption.
The Shah’s constitutional violations of the basic human rights of his citizens.
Anti-Shah Anti-Shah ProtestsProtests
Anti-Shah Anti-Shah ProtestsProtests
The Shah’s ChiefThe Shah’s ChiefOpponents?Opponents?
The Shah’s ChiefThe Shah’s ChiefOpponents?Opponents?
1. Oil field workers.
2. Students and other intellectuals.
3. Middle class businessmen.
4. Iranian nationalists.
5. Muslim clerics (religious leaders)
Q6
Anti-American PinAnti-American Pin(1960s)(1960s)
Anti-American PinAnti-American Pin(1960s)(1960s)
Iranian Students Iranian Students Protest in Beverley Protest in Beverley
HillsHills
Iranian Students Iranian Students Protest in Beverley Protest in Beverley
HillsHills
Anarchy & Anarchy & RevolutionRevolutionAnarchy & Anarchy & RevolutionRevolution
Widespread strikes and violence.
The Shah leaves Iran on 1/16/79.
Widespread strikes and violence.
The Shah leaves Iran on 1/16/79.
Ayatollah Ruhollah Ayatollah Ruhollah KhomeiniKhomeini
Emerges as LeaderEmerges as Leader
Ayatollah Ruhollah Ayatollah Ruhollah KhomeiniKhomeini
Emerges as LeaderEmerges as Leader
Khomeini returns to Iran on February 11,
1979. Q7
Ayatollah KhomeiniAyatollah Khomeini(r. 1979-1989)(r. 1979-1989)
Ayatollah KhomeiniAyatollah Khomeini(r. 1979-1989)(r. 1979-1989)
1902 – 1989.
Became an Islamic scholar
Began to speak out against the Shah in the 1960s.
Arrested and imprisoned several times by the Shah.
Deported in 1978 & went
to France.
Triumphant Muslim Triumphant Muslim Clerics & Iranian Clerics & Iranian
SoldiersSoldiers
Triumphant Muslim Triumphant Muslim Clerics & Iranian Clerics & Iranian
SoldiersSoldiers
Q8A theocracy is created!
Theocracy =A system of government ruled by a religious authority
The Fate of the The Fate of the Shah’s GeneralsShah’s GeneralsThe Fate of the The Fate of the Shah’s GeneralsShah’s Generals
Iran Revolutionary Iran Revolutionary PosterPoster
Iran Revolutionary Iran Revolutionary PosterPoster
When the devil leaves, the angel returns!
America allows Shah to America allows Shah to seek medical seek medical
treatment in the U.S.treatment in the U.S.
October 1979October 1979
America allows Shah to America allows Shah to seek medical seek medical
treatment in the U.S.treatment in the U.S.
October 1979October 1979
Q9
American Embassy inAmerican Embassy inTehran Taken Over. Tehran Taken Over.
52 Americans held 52 Americans held hostage…hostage…
American Embassy inAmerican Embassy inTehran Taken Over. Tehran Taken Over.
52 Americans held 52 Americans held hostage…hostage…
Q9
……for 444 Days.for 444 Days.
““Iran Hostage Crisis”Iran Hostage Crisis”
……for 444 Days.for 444 Days.
““Iran Hostage Crisis”Iran Hostage Crisis”
Hostage-Hostage-TakersTakers
-Young -Young IraniansIranians
-Many college -Many college studentsstudents
-Many had -Many had never seen an never seen an
American American beforebefore
Hostage-Hostage-TakersTakers
-Young -Young IraniansIranians
-Many college -Many college studentsstudents
-Many had -Many had never seen an never seen an
American American beforebefore
President Jimmy President Jimmy CarterCarter
(remember him from one (remember him from one of our Israel videos?)of our Israel videos?)
President Jimmy President Jimmy CarterCarter
(remember him from one (remember him from one of our Israel videos?)of our Israel videos?)At home…At home…
-vigils-vigils
-yellow ribbons -yellow ribbons symbol for symbol for
supportsupport
-frustrations at -frustrations at leadershipleadership
-Ronald -Ronald Reagan Reagan
campaigns campaigns against Carteragainst Carter
At home…At home…
-vigils-vigils
-yellow ribbons -yellow ribbons symbol for symbol for
supportsupport
-frustrations at -frustrations at leadershipleadership
-Ronald -Ronald Reagan Reagan
campaigns campaigns against Carteragainst Carter
Hostage Rescue Hostage Rescue DisasterDisaster
Hostage Rescue Hostage Rescue DisasterDisaster
Operation Operation Eagle ClawEagle Claw
-Failure-Failure
Operation Operation Eagle ClawEagle Claw
-Failure-Failure
American HostagesAmerican HostagesReleased Jan. 20, 1981Released Jan. 20, 1981(Ronald Reagan takes the oath of (Ronald Reagan takes the oath of
office as President of the U.S. office as President of the U.S. Hostages released during his Hostages released during his
speech.)speech.)
American HostagesAmerican HostagesReleased Jan. 20, 1981Released Jan. 20, 1981(Ronald Reagan takes the oath of (Ronald Reagan takes the oath of
office as President of the U.S. office as President of the U.S. Hostages released during his Hostages released during his
speech.)speech.)
American & Iran American & Iran Diplmacy Diplmacy
-Ties severed after the Hostage -Ties severed after the Hostage CrisisCrisis
-US Embassy in Tehran closed-US Embassy in Tehran closed
American & Iran American & Iran Diplmacy Diplmacy
-Ties severed after the Hostage -Ties severed after the Hostage CrisisCrisis
-US Embassy in Tehran closed-US Embassy in Tehran closed
The Khomeini The Khomeini RevolutionRevolution
The Khomeini The Khomeini RevolutionRevolution
Political Cartoon Political Cartoon CommentaryCommentary
Political Cartoon Political Cartoon CommentaryCommentary
The dictatorship is gone! Bring The dictatorship is gone! Bring on the dictatorship!on the dictatorship!
The dictatorship is gone! Bring The dictatorship is gone! Bring on the dictatorship!on the dictatorship!
MORE freedoms or MORE freedoms or LESS?LESS?
MORE freedoms or MORE freedoms or LESS?LESS?First Islamic theocracyFirst Islamic theocracy
-Khomeini = head of -Khomeini = head of religious authority AND religious authority AND has considerable state has considerable state
authorityauthority
SUPREME LEADER of SUPREME LEADER of IranIran
First Islamic theocracyFirst Islamic theocracy
-Khomeini = head of -Khomeini = head of religious authority AND religious authority AND has considerable state has considerable state
authorityauthority
SUPREME LEADER of SUPREME LEADER of IranIran
The Ayatollah represents the fundamentalist Mullahs.
Mullah = A teacher or scholar of Islamic theology and sacred law.
MORE freedoms or MORE freedoms or LESS?LESS?
MORE freedoms or MORE freedoms or LESS?LESS?
-“Spiritual enforcers” known as Revolutionary -“Spiritual enforcers” known as Revolutionary GuardsGuards
-Parliamentary “democracy” mostly on paper – -Parliamentary “democracy” mostly on paper – religious authority is finalreligious authority is final
-“Spiritual enforcers” known as Revolutionary -“Spiritual enforcers” known as Revolutionary GuardsGuards
-Parliamentary “democracy” mostly on paper – -Parliamentary “democracy” mostly on paper – religious authority is finalreligious authority is final
-Women lose -Women lose social gainssocial gains
-Women forced -Women forced to wear full-body to wear full-body
coveringscoverings
-Opponents -Opponents imprisoned and imprisoned and tortured [Shah tortured [Shah
did this too]did this too]
-Women lose -Women lose social gainssocial gains
-Women forced -Women forced to wear full-body to wear full-body
coveringscoverings
-Opponents -Opponents imprisoned and imprisoned and tortured [Shah tortured [Shah
did this too]did this too]
MORE freedoms or MORE freedoms or LESS?LESS?
MORE freedoms or MORE freedoms or LESS?LESS?
Support for the Support for the Palestinian CausePalestinian CauseSupport for the Support for the
Palestinian CausePalestinian Cause
The Ayatollah with
Yasser Arafat.
Funds Hamas and Hezbollah.
The Iran-Iraq WarThe Iran-Iraq War(1980-1988)(1980-1988)
The Iran-Iraq WarThe Iran-Iraq War(1980-1988)(1980-1988)
Q10
The Iran-Iraq War:The Iran-Iraq War:Taking SidesTaking Sides
The Iran-Iraq War:The Iran-Iraq War:Taking SidesTaking Sides
Iraqi Soldiers Iraqi Soldiers At the FrontAt the Front
Iraqi Soldiers Iraqi Soldiers At the FrontAt the Front
375,000 Iraqi casualties & 60,000 POWs!
Iranian SoldiersIranian SoldiersIranian SoldiersIranian Soldiers
Q11
Over 1,000,000 Iranian casualties!
Khomeini’s Khomeini’s DeathDeath
(June, 1989)(June, 1989)
Khomeini’s Khomeini’s DeathDeath
(June, 1989)(June, 1989)
NOW:NOW:Iranian Supreme Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Leader Ayatollah
Ali KhameneiAli Khamenei
NOW:NOW:Iranian Supreme Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Leader Ayatollah
Ali KhameneiAli Khamenei