TINJIL ISLAND INDONESIA

University of Washington (UW) & Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB)

University of Washington National Primate Research Center

DIVISION OF

GLOBAL PROGRAMS

DIVISION OF GLOBAL PROGRAMS

OBJECTIVES:

1) Resource Support: to assist with the development of foreign

breeding programs and the efficient acquisition and sharing of existing

captive primates so as to ensure the availability of nonhuman primate

resources at a local, national and international level.

2) Research: to facilitate joint research projects focusing on the biology,

management and conservation of wild primate populations with

collaborating institutions.

3) Training: to provide educational and training opportunities in

primatology, conservation biology and global health for students, staff,

and faculty from collaborating institutions.

4) Outreach: to engage and educate the general public about the

importance of primate conservation, the significant achievements in

biomedical research, and the translational value of the work.

University of Washington

CENTER FOR GLOBAL FIELD STUDY

In Global Health and the Environment (est. 2008)

MISSION: To provide field-based educational, research, and

outreach opportunities for students and professionals from

the UW and partnering institutions around the world in areas

relating to global health and the environment at the

human-environment interface.

Washington National Primate Research Center &

Center for Global Field Study

U. of Washington

WaNPRC & CGFS

Indonesia

Nepal China

D.R. Congo

Mexico Thailand

Russia

Bangladesh India

Russia

Nepal

Brazil

Collaborative Program Between:

- Primate Research Center, Institut Pertanian Bogor

- Washington National Primate Research Cnt, Univ. of Washington

- Center for Global Field Study, Univ. of Washington

Jawa

INDONESIA PARTNERSHIP Est. 1991

Image courtesy of Google Maps

Tinjil Island Natural Habitat Breeding Facility

West Java, Indonesia

Image courtesy of Google Maps

Tinjil Island

Natural Habitat Breeding Facility Established: November 1987

Developed through the collaboration between the U.S. Primate

Research Consortium and the

Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Purpose: To serve as a primate

resource and conservation program-

to provide long-tailed macaques

(Macaca fascicularis) for biomedical

research (e.g., AIDS, infectious

disease, etc.) while also contributing

to Indonesias primate conservation efforts.

The Concept for the Tinjil Island NHBF:

Originated, in part, from a 1981 meeting convened by the

World Health Organization (WHO) to address the feasibility of

establishing national programs in habitat countries to help

manage primate populations as sustainable or renewable

resources.

The objective: to ensure the permanent conservation

of the various species and maintain the supply of

primates for essential biomedical research.

Background Information

MB Transit Basecamp:

The transit basecamp is located in the small fishing village of

Muarabinuangen on the south coast of West Java (about a 5-6 hr

drive from Bogor).

MB Transit Base Camp

Background Information

Tinjil Island:

Tinjil Island is approximately 600 ha in size and is located 16 km

off the south coast of West Java. The island consists of lowland

tropical rainforest and coastal vegetation.

Around the Island

Primate Population

Primate Population

Between 1988 and 1994, 520 adult

longtailed macaques (M. fascicularis)

were released onto Tinjil Island.

Prior to release, all monkeys underwent a thorough quarantine and screening process. Only those animals testing negative for simian retrovirus (SRV) and tuberculosis were released onto the island.

Primate Population

To date, more than 3,100 progeny

have been removed from the

island for use in biomedical

research.

The current population size is

estimated at 1300+ monkeys.

Population Management

Annual population surveys are conducted

to provide demographic data and

monitor population status.

Population modeling programs are used to

assist in projecting population growth and

establishing harvest protocols to ensure a

stable, self-sustaining population.

Population Surveys

A survey of the Tinjil Island primate population has been

conducted annually since 1990 (Kyes, 1990-2004). Its

purpose is twofold:

1. To gather data on the demographic parameters and

ecology of this introduced population.

2. To assess the status of the population and evaluate the

effectiveness of the management strategy.

Method

1. Line transect sampling

2. Group follows

3. Feeder cage observations

50m= 50m

Strip width=100m (0.1 km)

Transect length= 6.0 km

Sample area = 6.0 x 0.1= 0.6 km2

Detection distance (used in previous studies)

Line Transect Sampling

Rate of movement: 1-1.5 km/hr with frequent stops.

Data recorded for each group/individual encountered:

1. Time of contact

2. Detection cue (auditory, visual)

3. Location of group along transect

4. Perpendicular distance from transect to group/animal

5. Height above ground

6. Group size and composition

7. General behavior

8. Direction of movement, if any

Results

Demographic Data

Demographic Data

Number of Groups:

24-26 groups have formed on the island

(12 have been reliably identified).

Demographic Data

Group Size and Composition:

An average of 52 members

per group.

5 adult males and 26 adult females.

The number of young fluctuates as a result of

periodic removals.

Demographic Data

Reproduction:

Estimated annual birth rate: 57-67%.

Births have been observed during all 12 months of the year.

Demographic Data

Population Size (year end 2014):

Approximately 1300 macaques

(adjusted to reflect the 3,100+ offspring

removed from the island population).

Demographic Data

Population Density (year end 2014):

Approximately 216 individuals / km2.

Carrying Capacity

Population density on Tinjil Island is estimated

at 216 monkeys / km2.

In Indonesia, total primate biomass

rarely exceeds 1000 kg / km2.

For longtailed macaques averaging about 3 kg

in weight across age-sex classes, this

translates to about 333 individuals / km2.

Tinjil Island NHBF - Field Training

Annual Field Course in

Primate Behavior & Ecology

Conservation Biology &

Global Health

(1991-present)

Tinjil Island NHBF - Field Training

University of Washington

International Field Study Program Indonesia

(1995-present)

Field Course in Conservation Biology & Global Health

Field Course in Conservation Biology & Global Health

Field Exercises

Individual Projects

Field Course in Conservation Biology & Global Health

Community Outreach Education

Field Course in Conservation Biology & Global Health

INTERNATIONAL FIELD STUDY PROGRAM-INDONESIA

IFSP-Indonesia

Center for Global Field Study Primate Research Center

Univ. of Washington Bogor Agricultural Univ.

IFSP-INDONESIA - Tinjil Island

1995

2007

2001