international nooj conference2018€¦ · introduction (2/4) •process of translation: –step 1:...

RULES-BASED TRANSLATION OF

International NooJ Conference 2018

RULES-BASED TRANSLATION OF SIMPLE ARABIC VERBAL SENTENCES TO ENGLISH USING NOOJ PLATFORM

Abderrahim KHEMISSE, Samir MBARKI, Mohammed MOURCHID, Abdelaziz MOULOUDI

1

Plan

1. Introduction

2. Related work

3. Our contribution3. Our contributiona. Transfer rules

b. Implementation in NooJ platform

4. Conclusion and Perspective

2

IntroductionIntroduction

3

Introduction (1/4)

• Machine translation:

4

Analysis Transfer GenerationText Text

Base of knowledge

Source language Target language

Abstract Representation ofsource language

4

Introduction (1/4)


5


Base of knowledge


Abstract Representation oftarget language

5

Introduction (1/4)


6


Base of knowledge


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Introduction (2/4)• Process of translation: – Step 1: Analysis

Simple Arabic verbal sentence

یكتب الطالب روایة جدیدة

Bilingual dictionary AR-EN

The student writes a new novel

Analysis•Morphological•Syntactic

Segmentation of the sentence

>جدیدة> <روایة> <الطالب> <یكتب<

Morphological analysis

Syntax analysis

> جدیدة> <روایة> < طالب> <كتب<<new> <novel> <student> <write>

+Morphological annotations (Prefix : ال)

(write كتب +Tense=PR+Gender=m+Pers=3+Nb=s )…

<new> <novel> <student> <writes>

Abstract representation of sourcelanguage

<Verb><Subject><Object><Adj>+

Morphological annotations 7

Introduction (3/4)

Lexical transfer


• Process of translation: – Step 2: Transfer

<write> <student> <novel> <new >

Syntactic transfer

Transfer rules•Lexical transfer•Syntactic transfer

<write> <student> <novel> <new ><Verb><Subject><Object><Adj>

+Morphological annotations

8

Introduction (3/4)

Lexical transfer


• Process of translation: – Step 2: Transfer

Syntactic transfer

Transfer rules•Lexical transfer•Syntactic transfer

<student> <write> <new > <novel>+

Abstract representation of target language <Subject><Verb><Adj><Object>

+Morphological annotations

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Introduction (4/4)

Bilingual dictionary EN-AR Morphological

generation

• Process of translation: – Step 3: Generation


generation

Generation•Morphological

Student write new novel+

Morphological annotations(Prefix : ال)

كتب) +Tense=PR+Gender=m+Pers=3+Nb=s )…

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Introduction (4/4)


generation



generation





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Introduction (4/4)


generation



generation





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Related workRelated work

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Related work (1/2)Author Title Approach Implementation

Hajer Cheikhrouhou

(2017)

The Automatic Translationof French Verbal Tenses toArabic Using the PlatformNooJ

•Creation of a system ofanalysis and recognition ofsyntactic constructions ofFrench verbs.•The automatic recognition ofverbal tenses.

NooJ

•Solve the problems related toagreement in person andnumber.•Verbs translation.

Omar Nazlia et al.

(2012)

Arabic to English machinetranslation of verb phrasesusing rule based approach

•Extract a general transferrules for translation of Arabicverb phrases to English.

_____

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Related work (2/2)Author Title Approach Implementation

Zainab AbrahimAlfahad(2008)

Machine Translation ofArabic Verb Sentences intoEnglish.

•Creation of a lexiconstructure for solve twoproblems Arabic language:Syntactical ambiguity andsemantic ambiguity.

C++

Khaled Shaalan(2000)

Machine translation ofArabic Interrogationsentence into English

•Parser is written in definiteclause grammar (DCG)formalism.

Prolog

15

Our contributionOur contribution

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Our Contribution

• The aim of our contribution:

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Transfer rules (1/3)

• Disparity between Arabic and English:

Arabic language English language

Nominal and verbal sentences.

1993” جامع الدروس العربیة“ الغالیینيمصطفى

All sentences considered verbal.

Jirka Hana “Intro to linguistics – Syntax 1” 2011

The Order of the Arabic verbal sentences’ parts is different from the English ones.

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• Similarity between Arabic and English:



The majority of the verbal sentences in both languages contain the same structure (but not in the same order).

Example:

The creative student writes a new novelیكتب روایة جدیدة المبدع الطالب

19Verb





Example:


20OBJ Verb





Example:


ADJ21

OBJ Verb

Arabic structure English structure Example

Verb (predicate) SUBJ (subject) COMP (extra

element)

SUBJ Verb Obj كتب التلمیذ الدرس The student wrote the lesson

Transfer rules (3/3)• After a linguistic study we obtained of set transfer rules:

element)

Verb (predicate) SUBJ (subject) COMP Adj (extra

element)

SUBJ Verb Adj Obj یكتب الطالب روایة جدیدة The student writes a new novel

Verb (predicate) SUBJ (subject) PREP Noun

(extra element)

SUBJ Verb PREP Noun جلس التلمیذ في القسم The student sat in the classroom

Verb (predicate) SUBJ (subject) PREP Noun ADJ

(extra element)

SUBJ Verb PREP Adj Noun

عاد األب من العمل الشاق The father returns from the hard work

Verb (predicate) SUBJ(subject) Adj1 COMP Adj2 (extra element)

Adj1 SUBJ Verb Adj2 Obj

روایة المبدع یكتب الطالب جدیدة

The creative student writes a new novel

… … … … 22

Implementation in NooJ platform (1/5)

Bilingual Transfer

Arabic to

English

Englishto

Arabic

Resources

Bilingualdictionaries

Morphological grammars

Syntactic grammars

Transfer rules

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• Dictionaries:

Arabic to


Bilingualdictionaries

toEnglish

Englishto

Arabic

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• Transfer rule:


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• Transfer rule:


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• Result of translation:


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Conclusion and PerspectiveConclusion and Perspective

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Conclusion and Perspective (1/3)

• In this work, we have created a translationgrammar in NooJ based on two phases: aphase devoted to the transfer rules and anotherto generation of the target language.to generation of the target language.

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• The implementation of the automatictranslation process enables us to findencouraging results where the simple Arabicverbal sentences are translated in English with


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verbal sentences are translated in English withrespect to the rules of transfer.

• Obviously, much has to be done. As a futurework, we suggest to translate other types ofsentences to English.


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