international law (text: 280-285 )
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International Law (text: 280-285 ). Objectives: Explain the paradox of IL Summarize the order and institutions of IL List and describe the components of the modern institution of IL. The Paradox of Int’l Law. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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International Law(text: 280-285)
Objectives:• Explain the paradox of IL• Summarize the order and institutions of IL• List and describe the components of the
modern institution of IL
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The Paradox of Int’l Law
• The power and interests of states is the most important element of the int’l system; IL merely serves states’ purposes
• Yet states and other actors spend LOTS of time creating and supporting legal regimes; AND also often boast about how they follow Int’l Law
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Order and Institutions of IL - Why
• War – recurrent, deeply dysfunctional, crude way of ensuring security
• Creating int’l order is a common need of most states– Done via int’l institutions
and int’l organizations• (not the same thing)
– 3 levels of institutions1. Constitutional2. Fundamental3. Regimes (issue-specific)
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Fundamental Institutions - What
• i.e. International law, multilateralism, diplomacy…
• Provides basic rules and practices that shape how states solve cooperation and coordination problems
• Ex: institutional norms, techniques, and structures that int’l actors use in various (pos. and neg.) circumstances that are emerge as a result of an anarchic int’l system
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European Historical Roots of IL• “Fathers” of IL– Hugo Grotius (17th C)– Emerich de Vattel (18th )
• Key Treaties– Augsburg (1555), Westphalia (1648),
Utrecht (1713)
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European Historical Roots of IL
• Ideas of law prior to the “fathers” and treaties:– Monarchs possessed “divine
right” to rule, tempered by “God’s law” and “natural law”
– Subjects of the crown were also ruled by municipal law w/ authority given over to monarchs
– Monarchs were obliged to observe int’l law not b/c of contractual agreements w/ each other, but b/c of their fealty to God
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European Historical Roots of IL• Challenges to the system (at
left) came in the 18th & 19th Centuries due to principles of liberalism and nationalism– Equal application of law was a
new concept employed domestically
– Soon it filtered up to int’l level to govern relations between states
– Gives rise to “contractual int’l law” or “positive” law… formed by negotiations between states rather than the command of God
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Four Distinctive Characteristics of Modern Int’l Law
1. Multilateral legislation
2. Consent and legal obligation
3. Special language and practice of justification
4. The discourse of institutional autonomy
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Multilateral legislation
• Informal methods– Ex: repeated practices of
states, social learning…– Leads to creation of ever-
evolving “norms”– Customary norms – a special
category of IL
• Formal methods– Ex: multilateralism, treaties,
regimes created by institutionalized orgs.
– Arose along with 18th C. liberal constitutions transforming Europe
http://blogs.law.yale.edu/blogs/rarebooks/archive/tags/International+law/default.aspx
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Consent and legal obligation
• Consent – the primary source of int’l legal obligation– Tied to sovereignty; helps
reveal the paradox of IL
• “Consent” and “legal obligation” is complex:1. Customary IL2. Philosophical Problems
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Special language and practice of justification• IL is NOT always strictly logical,
straightforward or clear-cut• Two language forms used:
1. Rhetorical: requires interpretations of the application and meaning of rules and the nature of the case at hand.
2. Analogical: finding similarities among cases in 3 different ways:• Rule interpretation• Find similarity of action(s)• Establish status of rules in
relation to other rules
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The discourse of institutional autonomy
• Distinction/separation of the political and legal realms (i.e.: negotiations)
• Legal side gets power of rule interpretation - “separation of powers”
• Makes international relations more predictable & structured