international journal of pediatric nursing vol 2 issue 2
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Jul–Dec 2016
eISSN: 2455-6343
IJPN
International Journal of
Pediatric Nursing
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International Journal of
Pediatric Nursing
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International Journal of
Pediatric Nursing
International Journal of Pediatric Nursing is a peer reviewed Journal and focuses on recent advancements
in child health care and considers articles on all aspects of children and adolescents health care. It is
intended to encompass the needs of a child as a whole with respect to physiologic, emotional, mental and
social structure.
Focus and Scope of the Journal Child health
General Pediatric Medicine and Surgery
Early Child hood Development and care
Neonatology
Molecular Genetics
Behavior and Development
Nutrition, Diet and Physical Health
Congenital Disorders
Vaccination
Sociological, Mental and Emotional Child health needs
Public Health and Health care
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PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM
INTERNAL MEMBERS
Associate Manager
ChairmanMr. Puneet Mehrotra
Managing Director,JournalsPub,
New Delhi
Hidam Renubala
Ankita Singh
Deepika Bhadauria
Rekha Rani
Commissioning Editors
Dr. Chhavi Goel
Manisha Dhoble
EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Ramesh Kumari College of nursing, Amritsar, India
Dr. Sushma Kumari Saini National Institute of Nursing Education,
PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
Dr. Smriti Arora Rufaida College of Nursing, Jamia Hamdard,
Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.
Dr. E. Sinu Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University,
Manipal, India.
Dr. Aman Moda P.M.N.M. Dental College & Hospital, Bagalkot,
India
Mrs.Urmila D Bhardwaj Hamdard University, Delhi,
India.
Dr. A. Judie, SRM College of Nursing SRM University, Tamil Nadu,
India
Stella Sagaya Mary Matha college of Nursing, Tamil Nadu,
India.
Sibin Joy Vayalil Lourdes College of Nursing, Kerala,
India
Dr. Asha P. Shetty Yenepoya Nursing College , Yenepoya
University, India.
Dr. Sukhwinder Kaur National Institute of Nursing Education
PGIMER, India.
Dr. H C L Rawat University College of Nursing, Baba Farid
University of Health Sciences, Punjab, India.
Achla Dagdu Gaikwad NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
Khushbu U Solanki Nootan College of Nursing, Gujarat,
India
Beryl JulietV. S., College of Nursing, SRIPMS,
Coimbatore, India
From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the Second Volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Pediatric Nursing. This journal is part of the Applied
Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present nursing issues, from theoretical aspects
to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Pediatric Nursing as an
emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and technical
investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Nursing Science community, addressing researchers
and practitioners in this area.
The core vision of International journal of Pediatric Nursing in JournalsPub is to propagate novel
awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research
societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Plant Nursing in general. JournalsPub acts as a
pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-time & successfully.
International Journal of Pediatric Nursing focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of Child
health, General Pediatric Medicine and Surgery, Early Child hood Development and care, Neonatology,
Behavior and Development, Nutrition, Diet and Physical Health, Congenital Disorders, Vaccination,
Sociological, Mental and Emotional Child health needs, Public Health and Health care.
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Nursing and
solutions in the area.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Nursing community.
We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an innovative
platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new developments in the
field of Nursing.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Nursing readers and will
stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Nursing.
Puneet Mehrotra
Managing Director
1. Role Reversal: Fathers' in Parenting and Impact on Children Ranjan Bhattacharyya 1
2. Knowledge and Degree of Anemia among Adolescent Girls S.J. Vayalil, S. Sajith 9
3. Congenital AbnormalitiesRamanpreet Kaur 16
4. First Aid Emergency for School ChildrenManibharathi Gurusamy 20
5. Editorial Note –Quality Improvement: For Better Health OutcomesSmriti Arora 23
Contents
IJPN (2016) 1-8 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Pediatric Nursing eISSN: 2455–6343
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Role Reversal: Fathers’ in Parenting and Impact on Children
Ranjan Bhattacharyya* Department of Psychiatry, Murshidabad Medical College & Hospital, West Bengal, India
ABSTRACT
The parental anger is linked with behavioural problems and there is a need for prevention or
early interventions for fathers that builds emotion socialization and improves father-child
connection. The systemic review had been done with only existing recent literatures keeping
in mind cross-cultural variations. The impact of PACT study (Parents and child together)
and Dad’s turning into kids program has been reviewed The findings of BIPLAB
(Behavioural and parenting Lab) conceptualizes parenting as style, but rather as a series of
decisions and factors that shape those decisions. Overconfident bias-provide objective
feedback on behaviour, social norming. The ‘deliberate scaffolding model’ helps to inculcate
children’s prosocial behaviour. The ‘optimal decision’ is one that helps parents to reach
their own goals. Decision making is shaped by many factors including information, various
cognitive biases, mental attention and fatigue.
Keywords: behavioural and parenting lab, cultural and social context, PACT project,
parenting and paternal role
INTRODUCTION
People make choices today that are
inconsistent with their future selves. Lack
of follow through, commitment, self-
control arises from this bias. Parenting is
fraught with uncertainty. They develop
heuristics that are fast, fugal, and
computationally cheap, not necessarily
aligned with their professional goals and
aspirations. Parents are overconfident; low
income parents may be embedded in social
networks that present inaccurate reference
points.
The information regarding paternal
involvement, father-child dynamic
interactions and father’s influence on child
development is lacking. According to
researchers in China, the fathers are driven
by child-centeredness to actively engage in
child rearing especially in education,
leisure and safeguarding.[1]
The
observations in a three minute dyadic task
revealed the synchrony in dynamic
changes in fathers’ and children’s
emotional behaviour and its influence in
emotional regulation in day to day life.[2]
The significant association has been
observed between paternal warmth and
adolescent girl’s self-esteem, depression
and close friendship quality and between
paternal autonomy granting and adolescent
girls general friendship quality. The
parenting can influence in different life
periods and their associations with parents
and children’s psychosocial functioning
can affect in various stages of
development. The ‘Attachment
representations’ carry over into parenting
representations and can set the stage for
attainment of parent-child relationship.[3]
METHODS
The Parents and child together (PACT)
project (Figure 1) was started in 2011 for
evaluation till 2016 is a landmark study
IJPN (2016) 9-15 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 9
International Journal of Pediatric Nursing eISSN: 2455-6343
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Knowledge and Degree of Anemia among Adolescent Girls
S.J. Vayalil*, S. Sajith Department of Community health Nursing, Lourdes College of Nursing, Kerala, India
ABSTRACT
A comparative study was conducted to assess the knowledge and degree of anemia among
adolescent girls in selected rural and urban schools in Kerala. The primary objectives of the
study were to measure the hemoglobin level of adolescents by using Sahly’s
hemoglobinometer, and to assess the knowledge regarding anemia among adolescents by
using structured questionnaire. A Comparative research design was used to compare two
groups on the basis of their knowledge and degree of anemia among the participants. The
adolescent girls of age group between 13 and 16 years with Hb less than 10gm/dl studying in
the 8th and 9th standard of one rural and one urban schools were selected as the sample for
the present study. The sample was selected by using proportionate stratified random
sampling. The present study concludes that among 50 adolescent girls 56% were anemic in
rural school and among 50 adolescent girls 50% were anemic in urban school. Among 50
subjects in urban school 4% had poor knowledge, 90% had average knowledge and only 6%
had good knowledge whereas, among 50 subjects in rural school 8% had poor knowledge,
88% had average knowledge and only 4% had good knowledge regarding anemia. In the
present study, there was a negative correlation (p=0.01) between the knowledge and
predisposing factor. In the present study the comparison of the degree of anemia among rural
and urban school revealed no significant difference at 0.05 level. The study findings
concludes that degree of anemia among urban and rural schools were almost same, the
predisposing factors regarding anemia were poor intake of green leafy vegetables, skipping
of breakfast and tiredness during menstruation and it was found to have a negative
correlation between knowledge and predisposing factors of anemia.
Keywords: adolescent girls, degree of anemia, knowledge, predisposing factors
INTRODUCTION
“The adolescent still remains a young
plant that neither gets light nor water. She
remains the flower that could have
blossomed but don’t……”
Kamala Bhasin from “Our Daughters”
Adolescent has been defined by WHO as
the period of life spanning the ages
between 10 and 19.[1]
It is the formative
period of life when maximum amount of
physical, psychological and behavioral
changes take place.[2]
Among adolescents,
girls constitute a vulnerable group
particularly in developing countries. In a
family with limited resources, the female
child is more likely to be neglected. The
added burden of menstrual blood loss
precipitates the crisis too often.[2]
Anemia can be defined as reduction in
hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit or
red cell mass.[3]
Adolescents are
particularly more vulnerable for iron
deficiency anemia because of rapid
somatic growth. Recent study shows that
IJPN (2016) 16-19 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 16
International Journal of Pediatric Nursing eISSN: 2455-6343
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Congenital Abnormalities
Ramanpreet Kaur Department of Nursing, Capital College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
BACKGROUND
Around 3% to 4% of all infants conceived
in the United States have intrinsic
anomalies that will influence the way they
look, create, or work—at times for
whatever is left of their lives. Inborn
variations from the norm are brought about
by issues amid the baby's advancement
before birth. It is imperative for mothers
and fathers to be sound and have great
restorative care before and amid pregnancy
to lessen the danger of preventable
inherent abnormalities.
Progresses in perinatal testing and new
symptomatic tests (i.e. amniocentesis,
chorionic villus examining, and so forth.)
have made it conceivable to distinguish
chromosomal and hereditary related
reasons for inborn variations from the
norm prior.
CATEGORIES OF CONGENITAL
ABNORMALITIES
Chromosome Abnormalities
Chromosomes are structures that
convey hereditary material acquired
starting with one era then onto the
next. Twenty-three originate from the
father; twenty-three originate from the
mother. The qualities carried on the
chromosomes decide how the infant
will develop, what she will resemble,
and to a specific degree, how she will
work.
When a tyke is conceived without 46
chromosomes, or when bits of the
chromosomes are missing or copied,
she may look and carry on uniquely in
contrast to others her age and may
create genuine medical issues (e.g.
Down disorder).[1]
Single-Gene Abnormalities
Some of the time the chromosomes are
ordinary in number, however at least one
of the qualities on them are irregular
Autosomal dominant inheritance is a
hereditary irregularity that can be
passed on to the kid in the event that
one of the guardians has a similar
variation from the norm.
Autosomal recessive inheritance is a
hereditary anomaly that can be passed
on to the youngster just if both
guardians convey the same deficient
quality (e.g. Cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs
malady, sickle cell pallor).[2]
In these
cases, both guardians are ordinary, yet
1 in 4 of their youngsters would be
required to be influenced.
X-linked conditions are hereditary
variations from the norm that
essentially happen in guys (e.g.
hemophilia, visual impairment, types
of strong dystrophy). Females may
convey the strange quality that causes
X-connected passive issue, yet they
may not demonstrate the genuine
malady.
X-linked dominant conditions happen
in both guys and females; in any case,
they are more serious in guys (e.g.
IJPN (2016) 20-22 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 20
International Journal of Pediatric Nursing eISSN: 2455-6343
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
First Aid Emergency for School Children
Manibharathi Gurusamy* Kongunadu College of Nursing, Coimbatore, India
ABSTRACT
Injuries are very common now a days and it can occur at any point of time in our day to day
life. Among them, injuries in school children are more common. The most recurrent causes of
school related injuries requiring hospitalization are falls and sports activities. Playground
equipment related injuries occur on school playground during school hours and these require
adequate supervision. First aid is provided in response to unpredictable illness of injury to
preserve life, it protect a person particularly if the person is unconscious, to prevent a
condition getting worsened and prompt recovery.
Keywords: first aid measures, school children
INTRODUCTION
Human life is very precious. Life is more
than just your body and mind. Science
cannot even begin to comprehend where
life begins and ends. Accidents and
injuries occur in most facilities on almost a
daily basis. They involve everything from
minor cuts, scrapes to broken bones,
chemical burns and other serious
injuries.[1,2]
DEFINITION
First aid is the beginning temporary and
quick treatment given to a person who is
injured or suddenly becomes ill, using
possibility available at that time and place,
before regular medical help can be
imparted (Samant 2000).[3]
WOUNDS AND HEMORRHAGE
Wounds: Definition
A wound is an injury or an abnormal break
in the continuity of the skin or other
tissues. In an external wound, there is
danger that germs will enter the wound
and cause an infection.
First Aid Management
Place the victim in a supine position.
Cover the wound with sterile gauze
pad.
Apply pressure to control bleeding.
Immobilize the part.
Examine the patient for the degree of
hemorrhage and the presence of shock.
Treat these conditions if present.
Wash your hands thoroughly with soap
and water.
Remove visible foreign bodies that can
be easily picked up.
Clean the area around the wound with
an antiseptic solution.
Clean the wound gently with an
antiseptic solution and put an antiseptic
or antibiotic cream over it.
If the wound edges gape for more than
5mm, approximate them and maintain
them in apposition by putting a strip of
sticking plaster across the wound, but
not entirely covering it.
Put sterile gauze over the wound.
Maintain the gauze in place by either
application of sticking plaster.
IJPN (2016) 23-24 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 23
International Journal of Pediatric Nursing eISSN: 2455-6343
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Editorial Note –Quality Improvement: For Better Health
Outcomes
Dr. Smriti Arora Amity College of Nursing, Amity University, Haryana, India
Quality is meeting the needs and
exceeding the expectations of those we
serve. Quality Improvement (QI) consists
of systematic and continuous actions that
lead to measurable improvement in health
care services and the health status of
targeted patient groups. It is a method for
ensuring that all the activities necessary to
design, develop and implement a product
or service are effective and efficient with
respect to the system and its performance.
QI involves both prospective and
retrospective reviews. It is aimed at
improvement i.e. measuring where you
are, and making sense of approaches to
better things It particularly endeavors to
abstain from crediting fault, and to create
systems to prevent errors from happening.
The four key principles of QI are (1.) QI
work as systems and processes (2) focus
on patients (3.) Focus on being part of the
team (4.) Focus on use of the data. QI
Program is essential to a health care
organization because it leads to (1)
Improved patient health outcomes and
efficiency of managerial and clinical
processes, (2) Reduced organizational
waste and costs associated with system
failures, (3) Avoid costs associated with
process failures, errors, and poor
outcomes, (4) Improved communication
with funders and community organizations
which results in increase partnership, and
(5) It leads to proactive processes that
recognize and solve problems before they
occur and ensures that systems of care are
reliable and predictable.
Every system is perfectly designed to
achieve exactly the results it gets therefore
to improve the system, change the system.
Common QI models are FADE, PDSA,
Six Sigma (DMAIC), Continuous Quality
Improvement and Total Quality
Management. FADE refers to Focus:
Define and verify the process to be
improved, Analyze: Collect and analyze
data to establish baselines, identify root
causes and point toward possible solutions,
Develop: Based upon the information,
create activity gets ready for development,
including usage, correspondence, and
measuring/observing, Execute: Implement
the action plans, on a pilot basis as
indicated, and Evaluate: Introduce a
progressing measuring/checking (handle
control) framework to guarantee
achievement. The PDSA cycle is
shorthand for testing a change by
arranging it, attempting it, watching the
outcomes, and following up on what is
found out. This is the logical technique,
utilized for activity arranged learning.
Plan: Identify the issue, find out root cause
of the problem, build a team, and plan an
intervention, a plan for collecting and
measuring data. Do: Try out the test on a
small scale, introduce interventions. Study:
Set aside time to analyze the data and
study the results. Act: Refine, sustain or
extend the change, based on what was
learned from the test. Use what is learned
to plan new improvements, beginning the
cycle again.
The common tools used in QI are Cause
and effect diagram (Fishbone / Ishikawa),
Pareto charts and Run Charts. A fishbone
diagram, also called as cause and effect
diagram or Ishikawa diagram, is a
Mechanical Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Architecture
Applied Mechanics
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Computer Science and Engineering
Nanotechnology« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences
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Chemistry
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Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing
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Subm
it
Your
Article 2
017
www.journalspub.com
Jul–Dec 2016
eISSN: 2455-6343
IJPN
International Journal of
Pediatric Nursing