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International Journal of Marketing and Technology (ISSN: 2249-1058)
CONTENTS
Sr.
No. TITLE & NAME OF THE AUTHOR (S) Page
No.
1 Comparative study of International vs. Traditional HRM Issues and Challenges.
Sirous Fakhimi-Azar, Farhad Nezhad Haji Ali Irani and Mohammad Reza Noruzi 1-16
2 An Analytical Study of Marketing of Banking Services of SBI and HDFC Bank in Borivali Suburb,
Mumbai.
Dr. M. N. Sondge and Prof. T. B. Gadhave
17-39
3 Investor’s Awareness and Preference Towards Mutual Funds Investments - Some Survey Evidences.
Dr. Megha Sandeep Somani 40-61
4 The Implication of Moral Intelligence and Effectiveness in Organization; Are They Interrelated?
Gholam Reza Rahimi 62-76
5 Magnitude and Compensability of Industrial Accidents in Nepal.
Dr. Shyam Bahadur Katuwal 77-100
6 Marketing of Dwcra Products A New Pardigm for Combating Rural Poverty - A Case Study Of
Andhra Pradesh.
Dr. K. Lalith and Prof. G. Prasad
101-111
7 Analyzed Traffic Through Switches In The Design of LANs using OPNET MODELER.
Mr. Ishu Gupta, Dr. Harsh Sadawarti and Dr. S. N. Panda 112-124
8 Customer Satisfaction of Retail Consumers With Special Relevance To Organized Retail Outlets In
Chennai City.
Anita Priscilla .J and Dr. Shanthi
125-145
9 Cluster Based Mutation Testing Using Homogeneous and Heterogeneous N-MUTANTS.
Mr. Ajay Jangra and Ms. Jasleen kaur 146-160
10 Review of Supply Chain Management for Modeling and Integration in Indian Electronics &
Telecommunication industry.
Parul Goyal
161-181
11 Issues and Perspectives on Two fundamental Intangible Assets in Organizations; Intellectual and
Social Capitals.
Firouze Azizi and Mohammad Reza Noruzi
182-197
12 Management of Transportation System and Prioritization of Transport Infrastructure Projects.
Jayanti De, Dr. Sudip Kumar Roy and Dr. Madhumati Dutta 198-214
13 Mobile Learning Empowering Rural Women A study of Vidiyal (NGO) in Theni District,
TAMILNADU.
Dr. (Mrs.) S. Hasan Banu
215-243
14 A study on point of purchase - An Advertising and Selling Technique.
Mrs. Priti Jeevan 244-263
IJMT Volume 1, Issue 4 ISSN: 2249-1058 __________________________________________________________
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.
International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us
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September
2011
Chief Patron Dr. JOSE G. VARGAS-HERNANDEZ
Member of the National System of Researchers, Mexico
Research professor at University Center of Economic and Managerial Sciences,
University of Guadalajara
Director of Mass Media at Ayuntamiento de Cd. Guzman
Ex. director of Centro de Capacitacion y Adiestramiento
Patron Dr. Mohammad Reza Noruzi
PhD: Public Administration, Public Sector Policy Making Management,
Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
Faculty of Economics and Management, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
Young Researchers' Club Member, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran
Editorial Board
Dr. CRAIG E. REESE Professor, School of Business, St. Thomas University, Miami Gardens
Dr. S. N. TAKALIKAR Principal, St. Johns Institute of Engineering, PALGHAR (M.S.)
Dr. RAMPRATAP SINGH Professor, Bangalore Institute of International Management, KARNATAKA
Dr. P. MALYADRI Principal, Government Degree College, Osmania University, TANDUR
Dr. Y. LOKESWARA CHOUDARY Asst. Professor Cum, SRM B-School, SRM University, CHENNAI
Prof. Dr. TEKI SURAYYA Professor, Adikavi Nannaya University, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA
IJMT Volume 1, Issue 4 ISSN: 2249-1058 __________________________________________________________
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.
International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us
114
September
2011
Dr. T. DULABABU Principal, The Oxford College of Business Management, BANGALORE
Dr. A. ARUL LAWRENCE SELVAKUMAR Professor, Adhiparasakthi Engineering College, MELMARAVATHUR, TN
Dr. S. D. SURYAWANSHI Lecturer, College of Engineering Pune, SHIVAJINAGAR
Dr. S. KALIYAMOORTHY Professor & Director, Alagappa Institute of Management, KARAIKUDI
Prof S. R. BADRINARAYAN Sinhgad Institute for Management & Computer Applications, PUNE
Mr. GURSEL ILIPINAR ESADE Business School, Department of Marketing, SPAIN
Mr. ZEESHAN AHMED Software Research Eng, Department of Bioinformatics, GERMANY
Mr. SANJAY ASATI
Dept of ME, M. Patel Institute of Engg. & Tech., GONDIA(M.S.)
Mr. G. Y. KUDALE
N.M.D. College of Management and Research, GONDIA(M.S.)
Editorial Advisory Board
Dr.MANJIT DAS Assistant Professor, Deptt. of Economics, M.C.College, ASSAM
Dr. ROLI PRADHAN Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, BHOPAL
IJMT Volume 1, Issue 4 ISSN: 2249-1058 __________________________________________________________
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.
International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us
115
September
2011
Dr. N. KAVITHA Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Mekelle University, ETHIOPIA
Prof C. M. MARAN Assistant Professor (Senior), VIT Business School, TAMIL NADU
DR. RAJIV KHOSLA Associate Professor and Head, Chandigarh Business School, MOHALI
Dr. S. K. SINGH Asst. Professor, R. D. Foundation Group of Institutions, MODINAGAR
Dr. (Mrs.) MANISHA N. PALIWAL Associate Professor, Sinhgad Institute of Management, PUNE
DR. (Mrs.) ARCHANA ARJUN GHATULE Director, SPSPM, SKN Sinhgad Business School, MAHARASHTRA
DR. NEELAM RANI DHANDA Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, kuk, HARYANA
Dr. FARAH NAAZ GAURI Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada
University, AURANGABAD
Prof. Dr. BADAR ALAM IQBAL Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, Aligarh Muslim University, UP
Associate Editors
Dr. SANJAY J. BHAYANI Associate Professor ,Department of Business Management, RAJKOT (INDIA)
MOID UDDIN AHMAD Assistant Professor, Jaipuria Institute of Management, NOIDA
Dr. SUNEEL ARORA Assistant Professor, G D Goenka World Institute, Lancaster University, NEW DELHI
IJMT Volume 1, Issue 4 ISSN: 2249-1058 __________________________________________________________
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.
International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us
116
September
2011
Mr. P. PRABHU Assistant Professor, Alagappa University, KARAIKUDI
Mr. MANISH KUMAR Assistant Professor, DBIT, Deptt. Of MBA, DEHRADUN
Mrs. BABITA VERMA Assistant Professor, Bhilai Institute Of Technology, DURG
Ms. MONIKA BHATNAGAR Assistant Professor, Technocrat Institute of Technology, BHOPAL
Ms. SUPRIYA RAHEJA Assistant Professor, CSE Department of ITM University, GURGAON
IJMT Volume 1, Issue 4 ISSN: 2249-1058 __________________________________________________________
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.
International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us
117
September
2011
Analyzed Traffic through switches in
the design of LANs using OPNET MODELER
Ishu Gupta
Asst. Prof. RIMT-MAEC, Mandi Gobindgarh
Punjab, India
Dr. Harsh Sadawarti
Professor & Principal RIMT-IET,
Mandi Gobindgarh Punjab, India
Dr. S. N. Panda
Professor & Principal RIMT-IMCT, Mandi Gobindgarh
Punjab, India
Title
Author(s)
IJMT Volume 1, Issue 4 ISSN: 2249-1058 __________________________________________________________
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.
International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us
118
September
2011
Abstract:
The corporate LAN has evolved from a passive background business component to a highly
active, highly visible core asset that enterprises rely on to support day-to-day operations critical
to their market success. Today’s network is a strategic instrument that must be accessible
anytime from anywhere—simultaneously offering fast, secure, reliable services at scale
regardless of location. It has also evolved from traditional client/server data flow support to
peer-to-peer flow support, and it must also accommodate an increasing number of devices and
services. The main aim of this research paper is to demonstrate the need for implementation of
switches in the design of LANs using OPNET-MODELER. The performance of a 16-station
LAN using first a simple hub, and then a switch and two hubs is compared. By analyzing the
graphs, it is concluded that traffic performance of a network after deploying switches is better.
Keywords: OPNET-MODELER, Traffic analysis, Switches over Hub, Design of LANs,
Performance of Switches.
INTRODUCTION:
A local area network (LAN) is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common
communications line or wireless link [5, 7]. Typically, connected devices share the resources of
a single processor or server within a small geographic area, for example, within an office
building. Usually, the server has applications and data storage that are shared in common by
multiple computer users. A local area network may serve as few as two or three users or as many
as thousands of users [1].
Utilization of Hub in LAN:
Networking hubs are central components of local area networks (LANs) [2, 4]. To understand
the role of networking hubs, a basic understanding of LANs is required. Whenever one or more
computers are networked together, a LAN is created. The purpose of joining computers together
in a LAN is to share resources like files, a printer, a scanner, or. There are four components in a
basic wired Hub network [3].
IJMT Volume 1, Issue 4 ISSN: 2249-1058 __________________________________________________________
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.
International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us
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September
2011
1. Ethernet wire: This is the physical cable that links the computers together, enabling them to
talk to each other. The Ethernet cable, also called twisted pair, or 10-Base T, plugs into a
network card located in each computer on the LAN.
2. Network Interface Cards (NICs) : One of these cards goes into a vacant slot inside each
computer. The back of the card features a port for one end of an Ethernet cable. Newer
computers normally have a networking card built-in.
3. Networking Hubs: The networking hub is a junction box with several ports in the back for
receiving the Ethernet cables that are plugged into each computer on the LAN. With Ethernet
cables going from each NIC to the hub, all computers are connected to the hub.
4. Networking Software: Most operating systems today come with networking software built-
in, but the software is also available from third parties. The software works with the
hardware to create a networking environment on each computer, allowing the user to see
shared files and recourses. It also allows for administration of the network.
Utilization of Hub in LAN:
A network switch is a device that provides a switching function in a data communications
network. Data communication in a computer network involves the exchange of data between two
or more entities interconnected by communication links and sub networks. A network switch is
an intermediate station which interconnects the communication links and sub networks to enable
transmission of data between the end stations. Switching involves transferring information, such
as digital data packets or frames, among entities of the network. A switch functions as an
interchange and provides path switching for data being transported over a network [6, 8].
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION:
Procedure
In this first phase open and name the project and first simulation scenario. The first
simulation scenario will consist of 16 networked stations (PCs) and one hub. In this first
phase specify the geographic size of the network.
IJMT Volume 1, Issue 4 ISSN: 2249-1058 __________________________________________________________
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.
International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us
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September
2011
To create our switched LAN:
Select Topology → Rapid Configuration. From the drop-down menu choose Star .Click
the Select Models button in the Rapid Configuration dialog box. From the Model List drop-
down menu choose ethernet . In the Rapid Configuration dialog box, set the following six
values:
Center Node Model= ethernet16_hub,
Periphery Node Model = ethernet_station,
Link Model =10BaseT, Number =16, Y=50, and Radius = 42
After creating the network, it should look like the network on Figure 1.
Figure 1: Scenario 1 of Ethernet network for 16 stations employing Hub
Configure the network nodes:
Right-click on any of the 16 stations (node_0 to node_15) →Select Similar Nodes.
Right-click on any of the 16 stations → Edit Attributes.
Check the Apply Changes to Selected Objects check box. Expand the hierarchies of the
Traffic Generation Parameters attribute and the Packet Generation Arguments attribute →
Set the following four values as shown in Figure 2.
IJMT Volume 1, Issue 4 ISSN: 2249-1058 __________________________________________________________
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.
International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us
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2011
Figure 2: Packet Generation Arguments attribute
Choose Statistics
Right-click anywhere in the project workspace and select Choose Individual Statistics DES
from the pop-up menu. In the Choose Results dialog box, choose the statistics:
a. Traffic Received (in packets/sec) by the traffic sinks across all nodes.
b. Traffic Sent (in packets/sec) by the traffic sources across all nodes.
Duplicate the Scenario
To create another network that utilizes a switch and sees how it will affect the network
performance. To do that create a Duplicate of the current network. Place a hub and a switch
in the new scenario and Reconfigure the network of the Hub And Switch scenario so that it
looks like as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Scenario 2 of Ethernet network employing Hub and Switch
Run the Simulation
To run the simulation for both scenarios simultaneously:
Select Manage Scenarios from the Scenarios menu. Change the values under the Results
column to <collect>for both scenarios and set the duration to 2 minutes.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS:
View the Results
Select Compare Results from the Results menu. Change the drop-down menu in the lower-right
part of the Compare Results dialog box from As Is to time average.
IJMT Volume 1, Issue 4 ISSN: 2249-1058 __________________________________________________________
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.
International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us
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September
2011
Select the Traffic Sent (packets/sec) statistics of both the scenarios and click Show. The graph is
as shown in Figure 4. By analyzing the graph, it is cleared that traffic sent in form of packets/sec
in both the scenarios 1 and 2 is same i.e. 750 packets/sec.
Ethernet network _Hub
Ethernet network _Hub & Switch
Figure 4: Graph comparing Traffic sent (Packets/sec) of both the scenarios
Now, Select the Traffic Received (packets/sec) statistics and the graph is as shown in Figure 5.
From the graph, it is cleared that in scenario 1 of Ethernet network employing only Hub, the
traffic received (packets/sec) is less as compared to traffic sent. There is some loss of packets.
But in Scenario 2 of Ethernet network employing Hub and Switch, the traffic received is same as
it is sent which means there is no packet loss.
Ethernet network _Hub
Ethernet network _Hub & Switch
Figure 5: Graph comparing Traffic received (Packets/sec) of both the scenarios
IJMT Volume 1, Issue 4 ISSN: 2249-1058 __________________________________________________________
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.
International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us
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September
2011
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:
By analyzing the graphs, it is observed that in Ethernet network employing only Hub, the traffic
received (packets/sec) is less as compared to traffic sent. There is some loss of packets. This is
because when a hub receives a packet of data at one of its ports from a PC on the network, it
transmits the packet to all of its ports and, thus, to all of the other PCs on the network. If two or
more PCs on the network try to send packets at the same time a collision is said to occur which
leads to packet loss.
But in Scenario 2 of Ethernet network employing Hub and Switch, the traffic received is same as
it is sent which means there is no packet loss. This demonstrates the need for implementation of
switches in the design of local area networks.
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G. Chiola , G. Ciaccio, “Fast Barrier Synchronization on Shared Fast Ethernet”, In Proc. of
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Jerry Hutchison and D. Hutchison and Christopher Baldwin and Bruce W. Thompson,
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Matt Welsh and Anindya Basu and Thorsten Von Eicken, “ATM and Fast Ethernet Network
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Symposium on high Performance Computer Architecture,1997,pp. 332—342.
M. Acacio and O. Cánovas and J.M. García and P.E. López-de-Teruel, “An Evaluation of
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Piyush Gupta and P. R. Kumar, “The capacity of wireless networks”, IEEE Transactions on
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Raj Jain, “Error Characteristics of FDDI”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1988,
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Raj Jain, “Performance Analysis of FDDI”, in Digital Technical Journal, 1991, volume 3.
IJMT Volume 1, Issue 4 ISSN: 2249-1058 __________________________________________________________
A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A.
International Journal of Marketing and Technology http://www.ijmra.us
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September
2011
Sergio Marti and T. J. Giuli and Kevin Lai and Mary Baker, “ Mitigating Routing
Misbehavior in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
MOBILE COMPUTING AND NETWORKING Handbook, publisher by ACM, 2000, pp
255—265.