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International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research ISSN: 2347-1697
Volume 4 Issue 9 May 2017 www.ijifr.com
Abstract
With increasing demand of healthy life, many garments, furniture coverings and accessories with antibacterial property are produced. If the clothes are left with perspiration for a long time, bacteria will be incubated by treating perspiration as its nutrient. The silane product is developed from ASTM E 2149 on a silane chemistry based method to enhance the antibacterial property on the fabric. The above developed product is applied on cotton knitted fabrics with combo finish. The fabrics are designed to absorb or reflect the sun’s UV radiation as a means of protecting the skin from damage. The rating system for fabrics specifies an Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) value. Such UPF testing of standard model namely AATCC 183 is also done on the fabric for strengthening the UV protection. Finally, the durability of the product is done by AATCC 135. The main objective is to get better antibacterial efficacy and highly efficient UV protection on a combo finish cotton fabric using the appropriate testing with higher performance and greater accuracy.
I. INTRODUCTION
Cotton is the most used textile fiber in the world. Cotton plays an important role in the
Indian economy, as the country's textile industry is predominantly cotton based. India is
Development of Silane for Better
Antibacterial Efficacy on Cotton Fabric on
Combo Finish With UV Protection
Paper ID IJIFR/V4/ E9/ 054 Page No. 7632-7644 Subject Area Textile
Chemistry
Key Words Antimicrobial, UPF, UV Protection
1st Velmurugan
M.Tech (Final Year)
Department of Textile Technology
SSM College of Engineering Komarapalayam,
Namakkal –Tamilnadu.
2nd Jothimanikandan
Assistant Professor
Department of Textile Technology
SSM College of Engineering Komarapalayam,
Namakkal –Tamilnadu.
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ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -9, May 2017
Continuous 45th Edition, Page No.: 7632-7644
Velmurugan, Jothimanikandan :: Development of Silane for Better Antibacterial Efficacy on Cotton Fabric on Combo Finish With UV Protection
one of the largest producers as well as exporters of cotton yarn. The Indian textile
industry contributes around four per cent to country’s gross domestic product (GDP), 14
per cent to industrial production and 13 per cent to total export earnings. The industry is
also the second-largest employer in the country after agriculture, providing employment
to over 45 million people directly and 60 million people indirectly, including unskilled
women. The states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,
Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Punjab are the major cotton producers in
India.
Cotton is a basic raw material for Textile Industry. The Indian Textile Industry
has an overwhelming presence in the economic life of the Country. Apart from
providing one of the basic necessities of life, the Textile Industry also plays a pivotal
role through its contribution to industrial output, employment generation, and the export
earnings of the country. The Indian Textile Industry is extremely varied, with the hand-
spun and hand woven sector at one end of the spectrum, and the capital intensive,
sophisticated mill sector at the other. The decentralized powerloom / hosiery and
knitting sectors form the largest section of the Textile Sector. The close linkage of the
Industry to agriculture and the ancient culture and traditions of the Country make the
Indian Textile Sector unique of other Countries. This also provides the industry with the
capacity to produce a variety of products suitable to the different market segments, both
within and outside the Country.The major sectors forming part of the Textile Industry
include the organised Cotton / Man-made Fibre Textile Mill Industry, Wool and Woolen
Textile Industry, Sericulture and Silk Textile Industry, Handloom Industry, Handicraft Industry, Jute and Jute Textile Industry and Textile Exports.
1.1 Antibacterial Efficacy
Recently there has been upsurge interest in apparel technology all over the world
for much demanding functionality of the products like wrinkle resistance, water
repellence, fade resistance and resistance to the microbial invasion. Among these,
development of antimicrobial textile finish is highly indispensable and relevant since
garments are in direct contact with the human body. The textile finishes with added
values particularly for medical cloths are greatly appreciated and the rapid growth in the
field of medical textiles and their end uses has generated many opportunities for the
application of antimicrobial finishes. The consumers are aware of hygienic life style and
there is a necessity of textile products with antimicrobial properties.
As garments are subjected to washing, the wash durability of finishes is a major
issue. Even though many of the herbal extracts have shown good antimicrobial property
after applying on textile fabrics, their wash durability is poor. Hence in this study
microencapsulation technique was used to fix the herbal extracts on the fabrics.
Microencapsulation is one of the novel methods of getting functional finishes on
textiles. It is a process by which very tiny droplets of liquid or particles of solid are
covered with a continuous film of polymeric material. Microencapsulation is more
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ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -9, May 2017
Continuous 45th Edition, Page No.: 7632-7644
Velmurugan, Jothimanikandan :: Development of Silane for Better Antibacterial Efficacy on Cotton Fabric on Combo Finish With UV Protection
advantageous to conventional processes in terms of economy, energy saving, eco
friendliness and controlled release of substance.
1.2 UV Protection
The sun damage done to every exposed part of our body is cumulative over our
lifetime, continually adding to our risks of premature skin aging and skin cancer. Of
course, we can have clothing over every square inch of our body, but if the sun goes
right through it, it’s not much use. Fabrics are made of tiny fibers woven or knitted
together. Under a microscope, we can see lots of spaces between the fibers; UV can pass
directly through these holes to reach the skin. The tighter the knit or weave, the smaller
the holes and the less UV can get through. Twill, used to make tweeds or denim, is an
example of a tightly woven fabric. Open weave fabrics provide much less protection.
Fabrics can be made from many types of fibers, including cotton, wool, and nylon.
Most fibers naturally absorb some UV radiation, and some have elastic threads that pull
the fibers tightly together, reducing the spaces between the holes. Synthetic fibers such
as polyester, nylon, and acrylic are more protective than bleached cottons, and shiny or
lustrous semi-synthetic fabrics like rayon reflect more UV than do matte ones, such as
linen, which tend to absorb rather than reflect UV.
Though loosely evaluating fabric content, color, weight and weave by eye are
helpful at sizing up UV protection, it is difficult to pinpoint just how protective a piece
of clothing is simply by looking at it. Holding it up to the light helps show how much
light passes through, but this isn’t ideal, because the human eye sees visible light but not
UV radiation. One solution is to choose garments with UPF labels. UPR quantifies
effectively a piece of clothing shields against the sun. The label means the fabric has
been tested in a laboratory and consumers can be confident about the listed level of
protection. It is based on the content, weight, color, and construction of the fabric, and
indicates how much UV can penetrate the fabric. For instance, a shirt with a UPF of 50
allows just 1/50th of the sun’s UV radiation to reach our skin. This would provide
excellent sun protection, which has a UPF of about, which allows 1/5th of the sun’s UV
through even more when wet.
II. SURVEY OF RELATED WORKS
The existing systems presented a work on cotton fabric for antibacterial and UV
blocking applications. This project mainly focuses on antibacterial activity and UV
protection. In this work, the activities are tested on coated cotton. Gold nanoparticles
(AuNPs) have been synthesized by greener method using chloroauric acid as precursor
and extract of Acorus calamus rhizome as reducing agent. Formation of AuNP was
confirmed by the presence of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak in UV–Visible
spectral. The results reveal the deposition of AuNPs on the surface of cotton fabric.
Uncoated cotton, neat extract coated cotton and extract containing AuNPs coated cotton
fabrics were then tested for anti- bacterial activity against Gram positive
(Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial strains by
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ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -9, May 2017
Continuous 45th Edition, Page No.: 7632-7644
Velmurugan, Jothimanikandan :: Development of Silane for Better Antibacterial Efficacy on Cotton Fabric on Combo Finish With UV Protection
AATCC 100 test method. It showed that the extract containing AuNPs coated cotton
fabric had higher antibacterial activity than other test samples against E. coli. UV- DRS
analysis performed on extract containing AuNPs coated cotton fabric showed improved
UV-blocking property than uncoated cotton fabric and neat extract coated cotton fabric.
2.1 Coating On Cotton Fabric By Pad-Dry-Cure Method The pristine extract was coated on cotton fabric by pad-dry- cure method. The
fabric was fed into the padding mangle containing 100 ml of A. calamus extract.
Padding process was carried out for 15 min at ambient conditions. The coated fabric
was taken out, washed with pure water and air dried. The coating procedure was
extended for the extract containing AuNPs also.
2.2.1 Antibacterial Activity Test The antibacterial activity of uncoated cotton, neat extract coated cotton and the
extract containing AuNPs coated cotton fabrics was evaluated against S. aureus and E.
coli by AATCC 100 test method. The percentage reduction was calculated using the
equation R(%) = ((AB)/B)100, where R = % reduction, A is the number of bacteria
recovered from the inoculated test swabs in the jar after incubation with raw sample, B
is the number of bacteria according to ‘‘A’’ conditions with antibacterial modified
cotton sample.
In this study, AuNPs have been synthesized from chloroauric acid at ambient
condition using natural plant A. calamus extract as greener method. The formation and
sizes of AuNPs were depending on precursor concentration. Spherical morphology of
AuNPs was observed. A. calamus extract containing AuNPs coated cotton fabric
showed improved antibacterial activity and UV-DRS efficiency than uncoated cotton
and neat extract coated cotton.
The rapidly evolving microorganisms cause bad smells, images and color
disorders, staining and fabric strength loss. Microorganisms cause fabric strength loss,
odor and staining traces, pathogenic infection in hospital textiles that result from the
textiles, garments and shoes fiber degradation. Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana oil has good
antibacterial and antifungal effects against the different microorganisms that was
investigated in many studies.
2.2.1.1 Mordanting Process The samples were mordanted with mordant agent obtained from Cypress Leaf
(Cupressus sempervirens), Lemon Peel and the Larch Cones. Cypress tree leaves,
extracts of lemon peel and pine cones were used. 1000 g for each plant mordant was
boiled 1 hour and 1000 ml of distilled water was used to filter the mordants after
cooling.
About 3 grams wool fabric was mordanted with three types mordant agents by
four different concentrations as %1, %2, %4 and %8. Mordanting was carried out in a
liquor ratio of 1:50 at the boiling temperature for 1 hour. Mordanted samples were
waited in the liquor for night then washed under top running water, squeezed and finally
dried at room temperature.
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ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -9, May 2017
Continuous 45th Edition, Page No.: 7632-7644
Velmurugan, Jothimanikandan :: Development of Silane for Better Antibacterial Efficacy on Cotton Fabric on Combo Finish With UV Protection
2.2.1.2 Dyeing Process The natural dye is obtained by extraction of Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana cones
which is from the family of Cupressaceous and species of Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana
(A. Murr.) Parlor. The natural dye was obtained that 1000 g cones was boiled and cooled
in 1000 ml distilled water, and then filtered.
Firstly, wool fabrics were dyed in liquor ratio of 1:50 at the boiling temperature
for 1 hour. Secondly, the samples were washed with 500 ml of cold water. Thirdly,
washed samples were washed with 500 ml of boiling water. Finally, the samples were
washed with 500 ml of cold water then squeezed and dried at room temperature. The
reflectance values of the dyed fabrics were analyzed by using Gretaq Macbeth–Colour
Eye 2180UV spectrophotometer and the CIELab values were calculated using illuminant
D65 and 10o standard observer values.
The color strength (K/S) values of samples were calculated with the Kubelka-
Munk equation was carried out with regard to the maximum absorption at 520 nm.
K/S= (1-R) 2/2R (2.1)
2.2.1.3 Antimicrobial Measurements In this study, ASTM E2149:2013 standard was used to test the antimicrobial
effects on dyed wool fabric. By this method, the samples were placed in a laboratory
flask containing a dilute suspension of Escherichia coli. The flask is placed onto a wrist-
action shaker and shaken for an adequate exposure time, typically 1 hour. Following
exposure procedure, sample of the test organism suspension was removed quantitatively
analyzed then dyed with for survivors.
This study aimed to explore the public toward sun exposure and sun-protection
measures many skin diseases are caused by excessive and unprotected sun exposure.
High cumulative levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation can damage skin cells, affect the
skin’s normal growth and appearance and cause acute skin damage, including tanning
and burning. Furthermore, more complicated chronic skin problems can occur with long
term exposure, such as pigmentary changes (e.g., melasma, lentigines), skin aging and
skin cancer. Skin cancer has increased progressively during the past four decades.
Individual hazard of skin cancer has a robust relation with skin type, with the superior
risk among skin type which burn easily and do not tan well . Although skin cancers are
less common in dark-skinned people, the prognosis is worse because the cancers tend to
be diagnosed late.
UV radiation is also responsible for significant eye damage, especially cataract
formation. All of these consequences of chronic UV radiation exposure are likely
avoidable if suitable types of sun-protection behaviors are in use. Avoiding sun exposure
between 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m., seeking shade, using sunscreen, minimizing sun-
burns, avoiding tanning beds and wearing wide-brimmed hats, protective clothing, and
sunglasses are the main recommendations for efficient sun protection. Sunscreens
reduce the transmission of UV radiation into the skin by reflecting, absorbing, or
dispersing such emission. Thus, sunscreen is a form of safeguard against sunlight.
7637
ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -9, May 2017
Continuous 45th Edition, Page No.: 7632-7644
Velmurugan, Jothimanikandan :: Development of Silane for Better Antibacterial Efficacy on Cotton Fabric on Combo Finish With UV Protection
Female gender, higher income, greater schooling, and light skin color are positively
associated with the use of sunscreen. Patient education efforts proved to increase public
understanding of the detrimental effects of excessive sun expo- sure and the advantages
of sunscreen use. International surveys have revealed that skin cancer prevention and
control programs are lucrative in increasing knowledge about skin cancer and the risks
of exposure to UV radiation but do not look as if it has a key effect on behavior
adaptation.
2.2.2 Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity Directly on Fabric A number of methods have been described for evaluating antimicrobial activity
of treated fabric. Most of the methods are indirect, requiring the removal of the agent
from the fabric before it is measured chemically or biologically. Of these, the agar
diffusion method is the most frequently used and has been standardized by the American
Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) as an official test method for
detecting bacteriostatic activity on fabric. The antimicrobial agent diffuses from the
fabric into seeded agar, producing a zone of inhibition around the fabric. This test is
limited to detection of antimicrobial agents which are easily diffusible in agar or to those
not very substantive to fabric. However, the most important objection to all of the
indirect methods is that they do not provide realistic appraisals of antimicrobial activity
on the fabric surface.
The fabric was treated in a launderometer, by the method of Petrocci and Clarke,
with a treatment solution to fabric ratio of 1 :10 and an exposure period of 10 min (25
C). The treatment solution was an aqueous dilution of 50 ,ug of active Hyamine 3500
per ml (Rohm and Haas Co.; an alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride antimicrobial
agent substantive to fabric) in 0.26% of a laundry detergent-sanitizer formulation. To
simulate a home laundry operation and to demonstrate substantivity to fabric, the treated
fabric was rinsed twice for 2 min each. After rinsing, the fabric was hung to dry
overnight at room temperature before evaluating for bacteriostasis by the suspended
swatch and zone of inhibition tests.
2.2.3 Evaluation of Surface Characteristics of Fabrics Suitable For Skin Layer of
Firefigurehters’ Protective Clothing Sensorial comfort, usually described as “fabric hand or feel”, is the sensation of
how the fabric feels when it is worn next to the skin. This feeling deals with properties
of the fabric such as prickling, itching, stiffness or smoothness. It can also be related to
its attributes related to physiological comfort, as for instance when a fabric is wet its
sensorial properties change and fabric may cling to the skin. Wet feeling and wet
clinging can be a major source of sensorial discomfort in situations of profuse sweating
like in fireFigurehters’ working environment. For the objective evaluation of this aspect
of comfort Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) was used for the present study. Seven
commercially available knitted fabrics of different fibre blends in different knitted
structures suitable for skin layer of fireFigurehters’ protective clothing were evaluated in
virgin (original non-treated) state and then in wet state.
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ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -9, May 2017
Continuous 45th Edition, Page No.: 7632-7644
Velmurugan, Jothimanikandan :: Development of Silane for Better Antibacterial Efficacy on Cotton Fabric on Combo Finish With UV Protection
III. METHODOLOGY 3.1 Flowchart of The Proposed Work The flowchart for the proposed work is shown in Fig 3.1
Figure 3.1 Flowchart of the Proposed Method
3.2 Work Description
The proposed work is described under four stages namely,
Development of Silane
Stability Analysis
Monitoring Phase
Testing Phase
A Silane product is developed from E21149 on a silane chemistry based method. It
is then analysed for stability. Then it is applied on a cotton fabric blended knitted fabrics
with combo finish & monitored. The fabrics are designed to absorb or reflect the sun’s
UV radiation as a means of protecting the skin from damage. It is then subjected to
testing phase followed by monitoring It undergoes two types of testing namely,
Antibacterial testing and UPF testing. The rating system for fabrics specifies an
Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) value. Such UPF testing of standard model namely
AATCC 183 is also done on the fabric for strengthening the UV protection. By using
appropriate testing, an efficient bacterial free UV protected fabric can be obtained.
3.2.1 Development Of Silane
Non polar solvents contain bonds between atoms with similar electronegativities,
such as carbon and hydrogen (think hydrocarbons, such as gasoline). Bonds between
atoms with similar electronegativities will lack partial charges; it’s this absence of
charge which makes these molecules “non-polar.
A substance is referred to as a wetting agent if it lowers the surface tension of a
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ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -9, May 2017
Continuous 45th Edition, Page No.: 7632-7644
Velmurugan, Jothimanikandan :: Development of Silane for Better Antibacterial Efficacy on Cotton Fabric on Combo Finish With UV Protection
liquid and thus allows it to spread more easily. Wetting agents are substances that reduce
the surface tension of water to allow it to spread drops onto a surface, increasing the
spreading abilities of a liquid. Lowering the surface tension lowers the energy required
to spread drops onto a film, thus weakening the cohesive properties of the liquid and
strengthening its adhesive properties. One example of how wetting agents work is in the
formation of micelles. Micelles consist of hydrophilic heads forming an outer layer
around lipophilic tails. When in water, the micelles' tails can surround an oil droplet
while the heads are attracted to the water.
Dish soap is a great example of a wetting agent. With all the food oils and such
on the plate cohesive forces make it difficult for the water to spread and clean the plate.
The soap dissolves all these unwanted particles, exposing a clean surface. The soap also
lowers the surface tension of water, allowing it to spread evenly across the entire
surface.
There are four main types of wetting agents: anionic, cationic, amphoteric, and
nonionic.
Anionic, cationic, and amphoteric wetting agents ionize when mixed with water.
Anions have a negative charge, while cations have a positive charge.
Amphoteric wetting agents can act as either anions or cations, depending on the
acidity of the solution.
Nonionic wetting agents do not ionize in water. A possible advantage for using a
nonionic wetting agent is that it does not react with other ions in the water, which
could lead to formation of a precipitate.
The following are the list of non ionic wetting agents.
1. Ethoxylated Aliphatic Alcohol
2. Polyoxyethylene Surfactants
3. Carboxylic Esters
4. Polyethylene Glycol Esters
5. Anhydrosorbitol Ester & It's Ethoxylated Derivatives
6. Glycol Esters Of Fatty Acids
7. Carboxylic Amides
8. Monoalkanolamine Condensates
9. Polyoxyethylene Fatty Acid Amides.
Silane is a major component for the antibacterial property of a fabric. To achieve the
property, initially the major product is developed with the following procedure.
i.) Silane powder of 42% is taken.
ii.) Then the non polar solvent 24% and non ionic wetting agents 24% are taken and
dissolved in the silane powder to make the silane solution.
iii.) Finally the silane solution is developed.
3.3.2 Stability Analysis
The purpose of stability testing is to provide evidence on how the quality of an
active substance or pharmaceutical product varies with time under the influence of a
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ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -9, May 2017
Continuous 45th Edition, Page No.: 7632-7644
Velmurugan, Jothimanikandan :: Development of Silane for Better Antibacterial Efficacy on Cotton Fabric on Combo Finish With UV Protection
variety of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light. In addition,
product-related factors influence the stability, e.g. the chemical and physical properties
of the active substance and the pharmaceutical excipients, the dosage form and its
composition, the manufacturing process, the nature of the container-closure system, and
the properties of the packaging materials. Also, the stability of excipients that may
contain or form reactive degradation products, have to be considered. The developed
product is then checked for stability under normal condition and under the temperature
of 40 C for 24 hrs. And as a result, the stability was achieved under normal condition.
3.3.3 Monitoring Phase
The product is then applied on the fabric and it is monitored.1% of the developed silane
is applied on the fabric for antibacterial property and in the same bath UV protection
agent is also added. Then it is allowed for padding and it is shown in Fig 3.2 Padding Calculation
.
..%
tingFabricWBeforePadd
tingFabricWBeforePaddngFabricWtAfterPaddiPickUp
For Pick Up 100 %, the following are the recipes
Silane – 10GPL
UV Protection agent – 30GPL
With this recipe, the padding is done and the fabric is dried. Since the 20 Home Laundry
is effective, it shows the better durability.
Figure 3.2: Monitoring Phase
3.3.4 TESTING PHASE
Finally, it is subjected to testing. A testing is done to check for antibacterial property and
UV Protection. Antibacterial Property is tested against ASTM E 2149 for 0 wash and 20
wash. UV Protection property is tested using AATCC 183 for 0 wash and 20 wash.
Take Silane and UV protection agent
in a bath
Dip the fabric in the bath
Pull out the fabric from the bath
remove excess liquid
Padding and drying at C
7641
ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -9, May 2017
Continuous 45th Edition, Page No.: 7632-7644
Velmurugan, Jothimanikandan :: Development of Silane for Better Antibacterial Efficacy on Cotton Fabric on Combo Finish With UV Protection
The following table 3.1 shows the relative Erythemal effectiveness of a function. The
intervals of the wavelength are 2 nm and the response for the same is given. Table 3.1 Relative erythemal effectiveness of the function
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
As discussed in the methodology, from the silane based method, Silane was developed
as the major source for antibacterial property and it was treated for 0 wash and 20 wash.
Table 4.1 : Experimental Test Results on Antibacterial Property
S.No.
Antibacterial efficacy
(ASTM E 2149)
S.Aureus K. Pneumoniae
1
Antibacterial+UV protection treated fabric >99.99% >99.99%
2
Antibacterial+UV protection treated fabric – 20 HL 89.20% 89.02%
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ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -9, May 2017
Continuous 45th Edition, Page No.: 7632-7644
Velmurugan, Jothimanikandan :: Development of Silane for Better Antibacterial Efficacy on Cotton Fabric on Combo Finish With UV Protection
Table 4.2: Experimental Test Results on UV Protection Property
From the above table, the results are obtained based on organic based method and the
effective results are achieved. Comparing the Table 4.2 with Table 4.3, the UPF rating
obtained is 50+ and the % of UV radiation blocked is above 98% and the protection
category holds excellent. Table 4.3: UPF Rating & % of UV radiation blocked
UPF Rating Protection Category
% UV radiation Blocked
UPF 15 – 24
Good 93.3 – 95.9
UPF 25 – 39
Very Good 96.0 – 97.4
UPF 40 – 50+
Excellent 97.5 – 98+
After obtaining results, the tabulated test results are plotted for bacterial free fabric in Fig. 4.1
Figure.4.1: Antibacterial Efficacy
99.99% 99.99%
89.20% 89.02%
82.00%
84.00%
86.00%
88.00%
90.00%
92.00%
94.00%
96.00%
98.00%
100.00%
102.00%
S.AUREUS K.PNEUMOINAE
% o
f ef
fica
cy
Bacteria under test
Antibacterial efficacy T - 0 WASH
T - 20 WASHES
S.No
UPF
UV - A
Transmission
%
UV -B
Transmission
%
UV A
Blocking
%
UV B
Blocking
%
1 Antibacterial+UV protection treated fabric
77.3 1.44 1.34 98.56 98.66
2 Antibacterial+UV protection treated fabric – 20 HL
150.1 0.74 0.7 99.26 99.3
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ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -9, May 2017
Continuous 45th Edition, Page No.: 7632-7644
Velmurugan, Jothimanikandan :: Development of Silane for Better Antibacterial Efficacy on Cotton Fabric on Combo Finish With UV Protection
After obtaining results, the tabulated test results are plotted for UV blocked fabric in Fig. 4.2
Figure .4.2: UV Blocking Property
V. CONCLUSION
To conclude, after analyzing various methodologies of existing methods, a new method
is proposed. An efficient result of bacterial free with UV protected combo finish on
cotton fabric from the development of Silane using appropriate testing methods is given.
Antibacterial property is achieved through ASTM E2149. UPF testing of standard model
namely AATCC 183 is also done on the fabric for strengthening the UV protection.
Antibacterial property is achieved through ASTM E2149.Better antibacterial efficacy
and highly efficient UV protection on a combo finish cotton fabric using the appropriate
testing with higher performance and greater accuracy is obtained.
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[4] Gonca Özçelik Kayseri (2015),“Improving of Sewability Properties of Various Knitted Fabrics with the Softeners”, World Conference on Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship
[5] Alaa Arafa Badr (2016), “Influence of Tencel/cotton blends on knitted fabric Performance”, Alexandria Engineering Journal 55, 2439–2447.
98.56
99.26
98.66
99.3
98
98.2
98.4
98.6
98.8
99
99.2
99.4
T - 0 WASH T - 20 WASHES
UV
Blo
ckin
g %
UV Blocking
UV A Blocking % UV B Blocking %
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ISSN: 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume - 4, Issue -9, May 2017
Continuous 45th Edition, Page No.: 7632-7644
Velmurugan, Jothimanikandan :: Development of Silane for Better Antibacterial Efficacy on Cotton Fabric on Combo Finish With UV Protection
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TO CITE THIS PAPER
Velmurugan, Jothimanikandan (2017) :: “Development of Silane for Better
Antibacterial Efficacy on Cotton Fabric on Combo Finish With UV Protection”
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (ISSN: 2347-1697), Vol. (4)
No. (9), May 2017, pp. 7632-7644, Paper ID: IJIFR/V4/E9/054.
Available online through- http://www.ijifr.com/searchjournal.aspx