international institute of tamil studies · xsit r. jiurhÄ¥ãŸis 1 introduction tiru avvai...

1xsit R. JiurhÄ¥ãŸis

INTRODUCTION

Tiru Avvai Duraiswamy Pillai of the Annamalai University is

well known as the modern commentator on Sangam works. He

now gives the world of Tamil Scholars his commentary on

Patirruppattu.

Patirruppattu is the only available source book of ancient

Cera history. Among all the Sangam works this is unique in being

a Collection of the poems on Ceras. Ten great poets had sung the

greatness of ten great Cera kings. Unfortunately of the hundred

verses, the first ten and the last ten, probably singing the glories of

Utiyan and Yanaikkan Mantaram Ceral Irumporai respectively,

are missing. There were two ruling Cera families that of Utian and

that of Antuvan, the former being the senior and the main Cera

line of Vanchi; the latter being the Irumporai line of Tondi. The

second Ten and the third Tens belong to the two sons of Uthiyan

viz., Imaya Varamban Netun Ceral Athan and Palyanaic -

Celkezhu Kuttuvan. The fourth, the fifith and the sixth Tens relate

respectively to the sons of Netun Ceral Athan viz., Kalamkay-k-

kanni Nar Muti-c-ceral, Katal Pirakkottiya Cenkuttuvan and

Atukot-Pattu-c-ceral Athan. The rest of the book relate to the

Irumporai family; the VII Ten belongs to Selvakkatunko Vazhi

Athan, the VIII Ten to Perum Ceral Irumporai, the conqueror of

Thakatur and the IV Ten to Ilam Ceral Irumporai, the son, the

grandson and the great grandson respecvitvely of Antuvan Ceral.

Various places of importance, the great chiefs and chieftains,

the foreigners like Yavanas, the warfare and important battlefields,

the fivefold classification of the country and other geographical

details are all alluded to in this anthology. The poets of this anthol-

1

2 t br›Éy¡»a¡ fUñy« - 9 t gâ‰W¥g¤J

ogy and the literary patronage of the Ceras are not myths. Paranan

Kannam Kannan Katu, Vezhakkadu (Umbarkadu) and

Kakkaiyur, still existing in Malayalam country, bear testimony to

the conferment of Jaghirs on the Poets Paranar, Kumattur

Kannanar and Kakkai-p-Padiniyar by the Cera kings,

Cenkuttuvan, Imayavaramban Netun Ceral Athan, and

Atukotpattu-c-Ceral Athan respectively.

This book is important as revealing the culture, the custom

and practice, the political and military life of the Tamil land; of the

first few centuries of the Christian era. It is interesting to note that

the conception of the fundamental unity of India, from Himalayas

to Cape Comorin, goes back, to the poems of the sangam Age (

verse 1 and 43 of this anthology). Politics had become, by that

time, an all India Science and the Yagas, varying according to the

gradation of sovereignty, were believed to have a magical influ-

ence in establishing an ever expanding empire. This inspired the

ambitious kings of Tamil land to perform the Royal sacrifices; and

the study of their sacred texts and related literature became very

popular. Further, the political unrest in the North drove the San-

skrit, Pali and Prakrit scholars to South India. Manimekalai, the

Tamil epic reveals the Taml land as a centre of all-India learning,

with its intellectual capital at Kanchipuram. The beginning of this

development is seen in Patirruppattu itself.

The Yagas are mentioned in many places. The Rajasuya was

not unknown; there was a Cola of the name Rajasuyam Vetta

Peru Nar Killi i.e. Nal Killi the Great who had performed the

Rajasuya Yaga. There was the great Pandya of many yagas viz.

Palyakacalai Muthu Kutumi-p-Peru Vazhuthi. The Ceras, as seen

from this book, were no exceptions. The Putra Kameshti yaga is,

it may be suggested, mentioned in poem No.74 by Arisilkizhar, a

Non-Brahmin poet. There we learn that the queen donned on her

beautiful shoulders a circular skin of the stag, well cut out and

decked with pearls and precious stones.Was the skin made thus


into a valuable amulet? In the Atharva Veda are two charms for

obtaining a son ( III 23 & VI.11). The second of these mantras is

relevant to the study of this Putra-kameshti. This consists of three

parts and when the third part, which runs thus “May Prajapati

elsewhere afford the birth of a female but here shall bestow a

man” was recited, according to the sutras (Kans 35-9) which

explain the procedure, “The fire is surrounded with the wool of a

male animal and the wool is tied upon the woman” (probably as

an amulet). Instead of the wool we find the skin of the stag, the

male animal, being used in the sacrifice performed by the Cera

king.

This reference to this Putra-kameshti is very important. The

question is very often raised whether the Cera who ruled over a

country where the MarumakkalTayam or matriarchal succession

now reigns supreme, were following the law of Makkal Tayam or

patriarchal succession, as their colleagues the Colas and the

Pandyas did or were following the law of Marumakkal Tayam, as

followed of the kings of Malayalam today. The wife of the king

under the Marumakkal Tayam is never called the Queen.

InPattirruppattu, every cera king is praised as the husband of the

chaste consort. But his does not help us to decide the issue raised.

The Putra-kameshti poem, however, conclusively proves, it was

the son of the consort that becomes the king, thus establishing

beyond doubt the patriarchal succession of these kings. There is

one other difficulty, for the Padikam speaks of the mothers of

these kings as “ Velavikoman Pathuman Devi” etc. It is this kind

of expression that has really created the confusion. Devi ordi-

narily means a wife, this phrase will then denote a wife of a Velir

chief Pathuman etc. How can the wife of a chief be also wife of

the Cera King? This leads some scholars to assume that the suc-

cession was matriarchal where the mother of the ruling prince is

never the wife of a king. But as this theory runs counter to the

explicit statement of the Putra kameshti poem. One has to explain

the word according to Thiru T.V.Sadasiva Pandarathar as mean-


ing “daughter,” a usage made clear by such phrases as Cera ma

Devi, Pancavan ma Devi, all wives of Colas and not of Ceras or

Pandyas. Or Ceran ma devi etc. may be an elliptical shorthand

expression for “The great Cola queen, the daughter of the Pandya

or Cera.” Names like Sentan korran or Kiran Korran etc. mean

Korran son of Centan or Kiran. Therefore Patuman Ma Devi

mean the Queen, the daughter of Pathuman. One is justified in

referring to the usage of the Imperial Cola Inscriptions in view of

the close kinship that exists between the Meykkirtis of the later

Colas and the Patikams of Patirruppattu as explained by Tiru

T.V.Sadasiva Pandarathar in his short introduction to the present

commentary.

In other places also, the Cera kings are praised in

Patirruppattu for bringing forth children. The theory of three debts

or duties to the Devas, the ancestors, and the learned, to be dis-

charged respectively, by every man, by performing sacrifices, by

bringing forth children, and by learning the ancient texts, it, as

seen by this very poem and poem No. 70 as old as the Sangam

age. Therefore, when Parimelazhagar speaks of this in his com-

mentary on the chapter on Children in Tirukkutal, he is not going

against any Tamil tradition.

There is an old commentary on Patirruppattu, whose impor-

tance cannot be easily exaggerated; but to the modern reader it is

but a series of algebracial formula. The present commentary ex-

plains all that is necessary for elucidating the text for the man in

the street - the defied abstraction of modern democracy; and

serves, therefore, at a valuable key for unlocking the closely pre-

served treasure - chest of the old commentary.

The Sangam poets caught the spirit of the poetic moment

and enshrined it in the most appropriate and correct poetic phrase,

afraid of spoiling its effect by any elaboration. Brevity is the life of

their poetry. This explains why the anthologies of the Sangam

verses are arranged according to the length of verses as Kurum


Togai, Nedun Togai, Aim Kuru Nuru etc. In every poem there is

heart or life centre - a beautiful phrase which is the very quint -

essence of the poem and this phrase by common acceptance and

appreciation, becomes according to Sangam usage the very name

of the verse. This is seen in every one of the verses in the present

work. The new commentary has brought out the poetic signifi-

cance of all these poetic phrases, thus helping us to understand

the poetic theory of the Sangam age.

On an occasion like this, one cannot but think with reveren-

tial gratitude, of the late lamented Dr. Swaminatha Aiyar, but for

whose untiring zeal and toil we could not be boasting either of

Patirruppattu or its ancient commentary. What has been thus made

available is now made more and more popular by the present

commentator. My friend Tiru Vellaivaranan has brought out the

importance of the new commentary. Whether one agrees with all

the points or not one has to agree that this commentary is very

valuable for a close study of the ancient work by the modern

man. I deem it, therefore, a great privilege, as desired by my friend

Thiru Avvai Duraiswami Pillai, to introduce, with heartfelt thanks,

this work, to the ever grateful public of Tamil land.

Madras

26.10.49 T.P.Meenakshisundaran


gâ‰W¥g¤J fh£L« nruehL


K‹Diu

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v£L¤ bjhifíŸ fhz¥gL« e‰¿iz, FWªbjhif,I§FWüW, gâ‰W¥g¤J, gÇghlš, fÈ¤bjhif, mfeh}W,òweh}W v‹w v£lDŸ, òw¥bghUŸ tifÆš mikªjitgâ‰W¥g¤J«, òweh}W« v‹w ïu©LkhF«. ïitÆu©L«, Vidat‰WŸ e‰¿iz, fÈ¤bjhif ba‹wïu©L bkhÊªj ãw ahî« fhyŠ br‹w bgU«òyt®lh¡l® âU. c. nt. rhÄehijaut®fshšlh¡l® âU. c. nt. rhÄehijaut®fshšlh¡l® âU. c. nt. rhÄehijaut®fshšlh¡l® âU. c. nt. rhÄehijaut®fshšlh¡l® âU. c. nt. rhÄehijaut®fshš gy M©Lf£F K‹ng gy VLfË‹ Jiz bfh©L MuhŒªJ br›ÉaKiwÆš btËÆl¥bg‰WŸsd. mt‰WŸ gâ‰W¥g¤Jgâ‰W¥g¤Jgâ‰W¥g¤Jgâ‰W¥g¤Jgâ‰W¥g¤J1904-M« M©oš Kj‹Kjyhf m¢ál¥bg‰W1904-M« M©oš Kj‹Kjyhf m¢ál¥bg‰W1904-M« M©oš Kj‹Kjyhf m¢ál¥bg‰W1904-M« M©oš Kj‹Kjyhf m¢ál¥bg‰W1904-M« M©oš Kj‹Kjyhf m¢ál¥bg‰WbtËahÆ‰W. btËahÆ‰W. btËahÆ‰W. btËahÆ‰W. btËahÆ‰W. ï›thnw jÄHf¤J¤ jÄHuJ ïy¡»a¥gHŠbrštkhŒ, gy ü‰wh©Lf£F K‹ thœªj jÄœe‹k¡fSila ehfÇf¥ g©ghLfis íz®¤J«

7


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ï›îiuÆ‹ mikâia neÇ‰ f©L C¡»anjhLÉiua m¢áLtJ eybk‹W bjU£oa v§fŸ mU«bgwšMáÇa® âU. e. K. nt§flrhÄ eh£lhut®fŸ,âU. e. K. nt§flrhÄ eh£lhut®fŸ,âU. e. K. nt§flrhÄ eh£lhut®fŸ,âU. e. K. nt§flrhÄ eh£lhut®fŸ,âU. e. K. nt§flrhÄ eh£lhut®fŸ, ïj‹gâf§fŸ MuhŒ¢á¡F ïlkhf îŸsdthjyhš, mt‰W¡Fciu nt©lhbtd¥ gÂ¤jikÆ‹, ïªü‰ f© gâf§f£Fciu baGj¥glÉšiy. nkY« ïj‹ Kj‰ g¤J »il¡fhikÆ‹, ïj‰F K‹dÂÆš flîŸ thœ¤J¢ brŒíŸx‹W ïUªâU¡F bk‹W«, “vÇbaŸSt‹d Ãw¤j‹”vd¤ bjhl§FtJ«, bjhš fh¥ãa¥ bghUsâfhuîiuÆšciufhuuh‰ fh£l¥ gLtJkh»a gh£il ï¥ gâ‰W¥g¤â‹ flîŸ thœ¤J¢ brŒíshf¡ nfh¤J ciu baGJkhW«mt®fŸ ciu¤jh®fŸ. ciu KGJ« m¢rh» btËtU« ïªehËš mt®fŸ ïšyhik v‹ kd¤ij tU¤J»wJ.

ïÅ, ïªüÈ‹ gâf§fS¡F ciu baGj¥ glhikahš,ït‰¿‹ fU¤J És§f xU nfhit¥gL¤â tuyh‰WKiwÆš xU f£Liu baGâ¢ nr®¥gJ eybkdï›îiuia¡ f©l m¿P® T¿d®. ï› tuyh‰W¤JiwÆš ah‹ m¿ªj eh©Kjš ciH¤J¥ bgU«ga‹


jÄGy»‰fË¤J tUgt® v‹ mU«bgwš e©g®âU. âU. âU. âU. âU. T.V. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jhut®fshjyhš, rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jhut®fshjyhš, rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jhut®fshjyhš, rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jhut®fshjyhš, rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jhut®fshjyhš, mt®fisïjid¢ brŒíkhW nt©o¡ bfh©nl‹. mt®fS«jk¡FŸs mYtšf£»ilna clš tÈÆ‹ikí« bghU£gL¤jhJ gâf¥ gFâg‰¿a áwªj MuhŒ¢á íiuÆidtH§» íŸsd®. mt®f£F v‹ kd§bfGÄa e‹¿íÇajh»‹wJ.

ïÅ, ah‹ vGâa ciuia ahnd MuhŒªJ eyª Ô§Ffh©gbj‹gJ á¿J mUikahf ïUªjikÆ‹, ciuf©l v‹id¥ nghynt gy M©LfŸ É¤Jth‹ nj®î¡F¢bršnth®¡F ïjid¡ f‰ã¡F« gÂ nk‰bfh©L T®¤jòyikahš áwªJ Ã‰F« v‹ mÇa e©g® âU. f. btŸisâU. f. btŸisâU. f. btŸisâU. f. btŸisâU. f. btŸisthuzut®fisthuzut®fisthuzut®fisthuzut®fisthuzut®fis ciug‰¿abjhU f£Liu jUkhWnf£L¡ bfh©nl‹. mjid kwhJ V‰W mH»a f£Liujªj mt®f£F« v‹ kdkh®ªj e‹¿ íÇa jh»‹wJ.

gšyt®, nrhH®, gh©oa® v‹w ï› ntªj®fis¥g‰¿atuyhWfnsD« XusÉš k¡fŸ m¿ªJ nfhl‰ nf‰wtifÆš üštoÉš btËah» ïU¡»‹wd. g©ilehis¢ nru k‹d®fis¥g‰¿a tuyh‰¿id¢ br›ntm¿ªJnfhl‰F nt©L« fUÉfshf¢ r§f¤ bjhif üšf£F ntwhf ahJ« »il¤âyJ. ïil¡fhy¡ fšbt£L¡fŸg©il¢ r§f fhy¤J¢ nru® tuyh‰W¡F¤ Jiz brŒtdthf ïšiy. nrueh£L bkhÊí« eilí« xGfyhW«gšntW k¡fŸ T£Lwthš ntWg£ blhÊªjik ïj‰F¡fhuzkh«; MÆD«, ï‹iwa nfus eh£o‹ g©ilatuyh‰¿id MuhŒªj¿j‰F nt©L« fUÉfS« »il¤ây;»il¡f¢ brŒjhUÄšiy. mjdhš ï›îiu¡f©ï›îiu¡f©ï›îiu¡f©ï›îiu¡f©ï›îiu¡f©bjËÉ¡f¥gL« tuyh‰W¡ F¿¥ò¡fŸ KoªjbjËÉ¡f¥gL« tuyh‰W¡ F¿¥ò¡fŸ KoªjbjËÉ¡f¥gL« tuyh‰W¡ F¿¥ò¡fŸ KoªjbjËÉ¡f¥gL« tuyh‰W¡ F¿¥ò¡fŸ KoªjbjËÉ¡f¥gL« tuyh‰W¡ F¿¥ò¡fŸ KoªjKoghf¡ nfhl‰F ïlÄšiy ba‹gJ bjËth«.Koghf¡ nfhl‰F ïlÄšiy ba‹gJ bjËth«.Koghf¡ nfhl‰F ïlÄšiy ba‹gJ bjËth«.Koghf¡ nfhl‰F ïlÄšiy ba‹gJ bjËth«.Koghf¡ nfhl‰F ïlÄšiy ba‹gJ bjËth«.ntW MuhŒ¢áfshš És¡fkhF§fhW«, ït‰iw nk‰nfhlš j¡fJ. ï«Ka‰á¡F¤ JizbrŒj e©gU«, 1941ïštlth®¡fh£oš ášyh¡ fšÉ¤ jiytuhf ïUªjtUkhdâU. ïuhk‹ nkd‹âU. ïuhk‹ nkd‹âU. ïuhk‹ nkd‹âU. ïuhk‹ nkd‹âU. ïuhk‹ nkd‹ mt®f£F v‹ e‹¿íÇajhF«.


ï›îiu baGâ Ko¡f¥bg‰wJ áy gy M©Lf£FK‹ngbaÅD«, ïu©lhtJ cyf¥ngh® fhuzkhf,m¢nr‰¿ btËÆLtbj‹gJ mÇa brayhÆ‰W. mªbeU¡fo ï¥nghJ« Ô®ªJ g©Lnghš xÊªâyjhÆD«,ï¤jifa ÓÇa brªjÄœüš btËpLfËš rÈahJciH¤J¤, jÄHf¤â‰F«, jÄœbkhÊ¡F« bgUªbjh©LòÇªJ áw¡F« bj‹Åªâa irt á¤jhªj ü‰gâ¥ò¡fHf«, ï›îiuÆid btËÆl¢ rikªjJ F¿¤J¥bghJthf mj‰F«, áw¥ghf mjid¥ gytif ca®gÂfËš


bjhšfh¥ãa« brhšyâfhu«(bjhš.brhš.)

bjhšfh¥ãa« nt‰Wikka§»aš

(bjhš. brhš. nt‰. ka§.)

bjhšfh¥ãa« ïilÆaš(bjhš.brhš. ïil)

bjhšfh¥ãa« v¢rÉaš(brhš. v¢r.)

bjhšfh¥ãa« bghUsâfhu«(bjhš. bgh.)

bjhšfh¥ãa« òw¤âizÆš(bjhš. òw¤)

bjhšfh¥ãa« fsÉaš(bjhš. fs.)

bjhšfh¥ãa« f‰ãaš(bjhš. f‰.)

bjhšfh¥ãa«bkŒ¥gh£oaš

(bjhš. bkŒ.)

bjhšfh¥ãa« ctkÉaš(bjhš. ctk.)

bjhšfh¥ãa« brŒíËaš(bjhš. brŒ.)

bjhšfh¥ãa« kuãaš(bjhš. kuò)

e‰¿iz (e‰.)

FWªbjhif (FWª.)

I§FWüW (I§.)

gâ‰W¥g¤J (gâ‰.)

gÇghlš (gÇ.)

ciuÆš vL¤jh©l üšfŸ

fÈ¤bjhif (fÈ.)

mfeh}W (mf«.)

òweh}W (òw«.)

âUKUfh‰W¥gil (KUF.)

bghUeuh‰W¥gil (bghUe.)

áWghzh‰W¥gil(áWgh©.)

bgU«ghzh‰W¥gil(bgU«gh©.)

beLešthil (beLeš.)

g£od¥ghiy (g£o.)

kiygLflh« (kiygL.)

Kšiy¥gh£L (Kšiy.)

kJiu¡ fhŠá (kJiu¡.)

áy¥gâfhu« (áy¥.)

kÂnkfiy (kÂ.)

cjaz‹ bgU§fij (bgU§)

Ótf áªjhkÂ (Ótf.)

âU¡FwŸ (FwŸ.)

âUPhdr«gªj® njthu«(Phdr«.)

âU¡fGky K«kÂ¡nfhit(âU¡fG. K«.)

bgh‹t©z¤jªjhâ(bgh‹.)

fstÊ eh‰gJ (fs.)

ïÅait eh‰gJ (ïÅ. )

gHbkhÊ eh}W (gH.)

òw¥bghUŸ bt©ghkhiy(ò.bt.kh.)

m«rnjt® ÄUf gìrh¤âu«

South Indian Inscriptions Volumes(S.I.I. Vol.)

Annual Report on the South Indian inscriptions, Madras. (A.R.)

Proceedings and transactions of the third Oriental Conference Madras 1924.


ciuey«

(âU. btŸisthuzdh®, jÄHhuhŒ¢á¤Jiw(âU. btŸisthuzdh®, jÄHhuhŒ¢á¤Jiw(âU. btŸisthuzdh®, jÄHhuhŒ¢á¤Jiw(âU. btŸisthuzdh®, jÄHhuhŒ¢á¤Jiw(âU. btŸisthuzdh®, jÄHhuhŒ¢á¤JiwÉÇîiuahs®, m©zhkiy¥ gšfiy¡fHf«)ÉÇîiuahs®, m©zhkiy¥ gšfiy¡fHf«)ÉÇîiuahs®, m©zhkiy¥ gšfiy¡fHf«)ÉÇîiuahs®, m©zhkiy¥ gšfiy¡fHf«)ÉÇîiuahs®, m©zhkiy¥ gšfiy¡fHf«)

brªjÄœ bkhÊÆ‹ ÔŠRitÆid ïÅJ És¡Ftdth»a r§f ïy¡»a§fSŸ x‹whŒ¤ âfœtJ gâ‰W¥g¤Jv‹D« ï¤bjhif üš. MÆu¤bj©QhW M©LfS¡FK‹ nrueh£il M£áòÇªj nruk‹d® gâ‹kiuí«nrueh£il M£áòÇªj nruk‹d® gâ‹kiuí«nrueh£il M£áòÇªj nruk‹d® gâ‹kiuí«nrueh£il M£áòÇªj nruk‹d® gâ‹kiuí«nrueh£il M£áòÇªj nruk‹d® gâ‹kiuí«òyt® gâ‹k®, g¤J¥g¤jhf¥ ghoa ghlšfË‹òyt® gâ‹k®, g¤J¥g¤jhf¥ ghoa ghlšfË‹òyt® gâ‹k®, g¤J¥g¤jhf¥ ghoa ghlšfË‹òyt® gâ‹k®, g¤J¥g¤jhf¥ ghoa ghlšfË‹òyt® gâ‹k®, g¤J¥g¤jhf¥ ghoa ghlšfË‹bjhFâ bjhFâ bjhFâ bjhFâ bjhFâ ahjÈ‹, ïJ gâ‰W¥g¤Jgâ‰W¥g¤Jgâ‰W¥g¤Jgâ‰W¥g¤Jgâ‰W¥g¤J vd¥ bga®bgWtjhÆ‰W, ï¤bjhifÆYŸs všyh¥ ghlšfS«nruntªj®fË‹ fšÉ¤âw«, kd¤â©ik, òfœneh¡F,


FL«g thœÉny nk‰bfhŸSj‰F cÇa m‹òÇik¢brayh»a mfbthG¡fK« mfbthG¡fK« mfbthG¡fK« mfbthG¡fK« mfbthG¡fK« muáašthœÉny nk‰bfhŸSj‰F cÇa bt£á, tŠá, cÊiP, J«ig, thif,fhŠá v‹D« mWtif bahGfyhwh»a òwbthG¡òwbthG¡òwbthG¡òwbthG¡òwbthG¡f§fS«f§fS«f§fS«f§fS«f§fS« M»a ït‰iw, mo¥gilahf¡ bfh©lšyJxUt® xUtiu¥ ghLjš v‹gJ ïayhj brayhF«.òw¤âiz VHDŸ bt£á Kjš fhŠá pwhf¢ brhšy¥g£l mWtif bahGfyhWfS«, jiykfDila m‹ã‹tÊ¥g£l bgUÄj¥ g©òfis ao¥gilahf¡ bfh©Lmt‹ghš njh‰W« ÉidÃfœ¢áfis¡ F¿¥gdthF«.òw¤âizíŸ VHhtjhf¢ brhšy¥gL« ghlh© v‹gJòytuJ ghLjš Éidianah mtuh‰ ghl¥bgW«M©kfidnah F¿¥gj‹W. òyt® gyU« gho¥ ngh‰WjiyÉU«ãa jiykfbdhUt‹, j‹Dila m¿î, âU, M‰wš,


bfhilbad¢ brhšy¥g£l bgUÄj¥ g©òfshŒ¥òytuh‰ ghLj‰fikªj xGfyhW, ghlh©âizba‹gJe‹F òydh«. ghlh©âiz ašyhj ãw âizfS«òytuh‰ ghl¥gLtdnt baÅD«, òytuh‰ ghl¥bgWjšnt©L« v‹D« kd¡F¿¥ã‹¿, xUt‹ghš, j‹ÅašãšÃfG« ngh®¢ braš KjÈat‰iw¤ bjÇÉ¡F« tifahšbt£á KjÈad âizfË‹ gh‰gLtd v‹W«;m¢brašfis¡ fUthf¡bfh©L òyt‹ ghL«nghJ mt‰whšcsth« òfiH ÉU«ò§ fU¤Jl‹ gh£Lil¤ jiyt‹ghš njh‰W« ca®ªj cŸs¡F¿¥ò ghlh©âizba‹W«, ntW ãÇ¤j¿jš nt©L«. ešy¿îila òyik¢bršt® gyU«, ciuÆdhY« gh£odhY« ca®¤J¥òfG« ÃiyÆš; M‰wš Ä¡f ngh®¤JiwÆY«, m‹ã‹tÊ¥g£l kidthœ¡ifÆY«, òfGl‹ thG« e‹k¡fsJ g©òilikÆidna ghlh©âiz vd, MáÇa®MáÇa®MáÇa®MáÇa®MáÇa®bjhšfh¥ãadh®bjhšfh¥ãadh®bjhšfh¥ãadh®bjhšfh¥ãadh®bjhšfh¥ãadh® j« üÈš ïÅJ És¡»íŸsh®.

nruntªj®fË‹ M‰wšÄ¡f xGfyhWfis¥ òyt®fŸj« ghl‰FÇa bghUshf¡ bfh©L ghuh£L« KiwÆš ï¥gâ‰W¥g¤J¥ ghlšfŸ ahî« mikª JŸsd. Mfnt,ï¤bjhifÆ‹f© mikªj üWghlš fS« ghlh©âiz v‹w xUâiziana bghUshf¡ bfh©L ghl¥bg‰wd vd¡ bfhŸsyh«. “gâ‰W¥g¤J üY« ï›thnwtUjÈ‰ ghlh©âizna MÆ‰W” (bjhš.òw«. 15 ciu)vd tU« e¢ádh®¡»Åa®e¢ádh®¡»Åa®e¢ádh®¡»Åa®e¢ádh®¡»Åa®e¢ádh®¡»Åa® ciu¡F¿¥ò ï›î©ikÆidtÈíW¤jš fhzyh«. ï¥ghlšfis¤ bjhF¤njh®x›bthU ghlY¡F« âizaikâ TwhJ, Jiw, t©z«,ö¡F, bga® v‹gt‰iw k£Lnk F¿¤J¢ bršYj‰F ïJntfhuzkhjš nt©L«.

ï¤bjhifÆ‰ nruk‹d®fis¥ g‰¿a ghlšfnsbjhF¡f¥bg‰WŸsd. xU FoÆ‰ ãwªj ntªj® gyiu¡F¿¤J¤ bjhl®¢áahf¥ òyt®gy® ghoa brŒí£fŸfhyKiw jtwhJ ï¤bjhif bah‹¿nyjh‹ fhz¥gL»‹wd. ïªüš r§ffhy¢ nruntªj® tuyh‰iw¤


bjhl®ªJ vGJj‰F bgÇJª Jiz òÇtjhF«.ï¤bjhifÆid¥ ngh‹W nrhH® gh©oa® v‹gt®fis¥ g‰¿a ghlšfis¤ bjhF¤j ntW bjhifntW bjhifntW bjhifntW bjhifntW bjhifüšfS« ïUªâU¤jš TL«üšfS« ïUªâU¤jš TL«üšfS« ïUªâU¤jš TL«üšfS« ïUªâU¤jš TL«üšfS« ïUªâU¤jš TL« vd v©z nt©oísJ.m¤jifa bjhifüš vJî« ï¡fhy¤â‰ »il¡fÉšiy.nru nrhH gh©oa®fsh»a jÄœ ntªj® _tiuí«nru nrhH gh©oa®fsh»a jÄœ ntªj® _tiuí«nru nrhH gh©oa®fsh»a jÄœ ntªj® _tiuí«nru nrhH gh©oa®fsh»a jÄœ ntªj® _tiuí«nru nrhH gh©oa®fsh»a jÄœ ntªj® _tiuí«ghuh£L§ ghuh£L§ ghuh£L§ ghuh£L§ ghuh£L§ fU¤Jl‹fU¤Jl‹fU¤Jl‹fU¤Jl‹fU¤Jl‹ KntªjUŸ x›bthU FoÆd®¡F«bjhŸshÆu« bjhŸshÆu« òfœ¥ ghlšfsika ïil¡ïil¡ïil¡ïil¡ïil¡fhy¤nj mikªj üš K¤bjhŸshÆu«fhy¤nj mikªj üš K¤bjhŸshÆu«fhy¤nj mikªj üš K¤bjhŸshÆu«fhy¤nj mikªj üš K¤bjhŸshÆu«fhy¤nj mikªj üš K¤bjhŸshÆu« v‹gjhF«.ïâÈUªJ nk‰bfhŸfshf vL¤jhs¥ bg‰w xUáybrŒí£fis¤ jÉu Vida ï¡fhy¤â‰»il¤ây. jÄœeh£L _ntªj®¡F« bghJthf mikªj K¤bjhŸshÆu¤ij¥nghyhJ; nrukuãd®nf áw¥òÇik íilajh aikªjgâ‰W¥g¤J v‹Dª bjhifüš, nruk‹d®fË‹ M£áKiw tuyh‰W¢ brŒâfis e‹Fz®ªj nrueh£l¿PbuhUtuhš bjhF¡f¥bg‰¿U¤jš TL«.

gâ‰W¥g¤J¡F¥ giHanjh® ciu ísJ.giHanjh® ciu ísJ.giHanjh® ciu ísJ.giHanjh® ciu ísJ.giHanjh® ciu ísJ. m¥giHaîiu ïšyhÉ£lhš ï¤bjhifÆYŸs ghlšfS¡F¥bghUŸ fhQjš v‹gJ vËâ‹ ïayhj bjh‹wh«.giHaîiuÆid ïa‰¿a MáÇa® bgaU« fhyKªgiHaîiuÆid ïa‰¿a MáÇa® bgaU« fhyKªgiHaîiuÆid ïa‰¿a MáÇa® bgaU« fhyKªgiHaîiuÆid ïa‰¿a MáÇa® bgaU« fhyKªgiHaîiuÆid ïa‰¿a MáÇa® bgaU« fhyKªbjÇªJbjÇªJbjÇªJbjÇªJbjÇªJbfhŸs ïayÉšiy.bfhŸs ïayÉšiy.bfhŸs ïayÉšiy.bfhŸs ïayÉšiy.bfhŸs ïayÉšiy. m›îiuÆš ‘á‹}š’‘á‹}š’‘á‹}š’‘á‹}š’‘á‹}š’v‹D« xU ü‰bga® fhz¥gLtJbfh©L m¥bgauhštH§f¥gL« neÄehjüiy ïa‰¿a Fzåug©oj®¡F¥ã‹d® ï›îiuaháÇa® ïUªâU¤jš nt©L« vdïªüiy Kj‹ Kj‰ gâ¥ã¤j kfhknfhgh¤âahakfhknfhgh¤âahakfhknfhgh¤âahakfhknfhgh¤âahakfhknfhgh¤âahaIaut®fŸIaut®fŸIaut®fŸIaut®fŸIaut®fŸ fUJ»‹wh®fŸ. ï›îiuaháÇa® ïªüÈYŸs mUŠbrh‰fS¡F« bjhl®fS¡F« bghUŸT¿í«,brh‹Koò bghU©Kogfh£oí«, x›bthU ghlY¡FKÇa Jiw, t©z«, ö¡F, bga® v‹gt‰¿‹ mikâia¥òy¥gL¤âí«, ïilÆilna gh£o‹ Ritey§fis¢RU¡fkhf És¡»í«, ïy¡fz¡ F¿¥ò¡fŸ jªJ«ïWâÆš fU¤Jiu¤J« ghlšfËYŸs tuyh‰W¡ F¿¥ò¡fis¢ á¿J òy¥gL¤âí«, ïªü‰ bghUis¤ bjËîgL¤J»‹wh®. m‹¿í« x›bthU g¤â‹ ïWâÆY« mjdh‰


ghl¥bg‰w nruk‹duJ brašKiwfisí« mtiu¥ghoa òyt® bg‰w tÇirÆidí« F¿¤J¥ ghl¥bg‰wgâf¤ij mik¤J m¥gâf§fS¡F« És¡fªgâf¤ij mik¤J m¥gâf§fS¡F« És¡fªgâf¤ij mik¤J m¥gâf§fS¡F« És¡fªgâf¤ij mik¤J m¥gâf§fS¡F« És¡fªgâf¤ij mik¤J m¥gâf§fS¡F« És¡fªjU»‹wh®.jU»‹wh®.jU»‹wh®.jU»‹wh®.jU»‹wh®. ï›îiu, òweh}‰WiuÆid¥ ngh‹WbghÊ¥òiuahfnth, áy¥gâfhu mU«gjîiu ngh‹WRU¡fkhfnth mikahJ, ïil¥g£ljhfîsJ. mU«gj§fS¡F ciuTWt Jl‹ ï‹¿aikahj ïl§fS¡F¥bghUŸ És¡fK« jªJ brŒíËš mikªj bjhl®fisKo¤J¡ fh£L« ÃiyÆš ï¥giHaîiu aikªJsJ.nghâa msî jÄœü‰ gÆ‰á íilah®¡F mÇa brh‰bghUŸfisí« brh‹Koò bghU©Koòfisí« RU¡fkhf¤ bjËÉ¡F« ÃiyÆš mikªjnj ï¥giHaîiuahF«.RU§f¡ TWnthkhdhš gâ‰W¥g¤âid¥ ghlŠbrhšY« MáÇa®fS¡F¥ bghUSz®¢á¡F nt©L«tÊJiwfis e‹whf tF¤J¡ bfhL¥gJ ï¥ giHaîiubadyh«. gâ‰W¥ g¤J _y¤ij¡ fU¤ö‹¿ íz®j‰F_y¤ij¡ fU¤ö‹¿ íz®j‰F_y¤ij¡ fU¤ö‹¿ íz®j‰F_y¤ij¡ fU¤ö‹¿ íz®j‰F_y¤ij¡ fU¤ö‹¿ íz®j‰Fnt©L« ü‰ gÆ‰áíilat®fns nt©L« ü‰ gÆ‰áíilat®fns nt©L« ü‰ gÆ‰áíilat®fns nt©L« ü‰ gÆ‰áíilat®fns nt©L« ü‰ gÆ‰áíilat®fns ï¥giHaîiuÆ‹E£g¤âid íz®ªJiu¡F« â£gKilnahuht®.â£gKilnahuht®.â£gKilnahuht®.â£gKilnahuht®.â£gKilnahuht®.

ï¥ giHaîiuÆ‹ Jizbfh©L gâ‰W¥ g¤âid¥go¤JzU« t‹ikÆšyhjh® áy® ïªü‰ bghUisahuha¤ bjhl§»¤ j« kd« nghdthW vGâa ãiHíiufŸ gyth«. vL¤J¡fh£lhf x‹¿u©L fh£LJ«;`nru® tŠá’ v‹D« üYilah® Iªjh«g¤â‹ Kj‰ghlÈš “bj›t® Äsbf¿ íy¡ifÆ‹ ïUªjiy Æo¤J”vd tUª bjhl®¡F¥ “gifntªj® jiyfis cy¡ifÆdh‰F‰w¥g£l Äs»id¥ nghy¢ ájW«go brŒJ” vd¥bghUŸbfhŸs m¿ahJ, Äsif¡ F‰W« cy¡ifÆidnagilahf¡ bfh©L gifntªj® jiy fis¤ jh¡» vd¥bghUªjhîiu T¿dh®. MLnfh£ gh£L¢ nruyhjid¡fh¡ifghoÅah®, e¢brŸisah® v‹D« ešÈir¥òyikbkšÈayh® Mwh« g¤âdh‰ ghoabghGJ, mt®j«òyik¤ âw¤ij e‹Fz®ªj m›ntªj‹ m›t«ikah®¡FmÂfy‹fS¡fhf x‹gJ fh¥ bgh‹D«, üwhÆu§fhzK«, gÇáyhf¤ jªJ m¥òyt® bgUkh£oahiu¤


j‹dUnf mit¡fs¥ òytuhf mk®¤â¡bfh©lh‹;v‹D« brŒâia Mwh«g¤â‹ gâf« TW»‹wJ. “gho¥bg‰w gÇáš fydÂf bt‹W x‹gJ fh¥bgh‹D«üwhÆu§ fhzK§ bfhL¤J¥ g¡f¤J¡ bfh©lh‹m¡nfh” vdtU« gâf¤bjhluhš ï›î©ik òydh«.ïjid¤ bjËthf îzU« thŒ¥ãšyhj m›tuyh‰wháÇa®ï§F¡ fh£oa ̀g¡f¤J¡ bfh©lh‹’ v‹gj‰F¢ nruk‹d‹fh¡if ghoÅah® v‹D« òytiu¤ jd¡FÇa kidÉahf¤j‹ g¡f¤âš mk®¤â¡bfh©lh‹ vd¥ bghUªjhjbghUªjhjbghUªjhjbghUªjhjbghUªjhjbrŒâÆid V‰¿ íiu¡»‹wh®.brŒâÆid V‰¿ íiu¡»‹wh®.brŒâÆid V‰¿ íiu¡»‹wh®.brŒâÆid V‰¿ íiu¡»‹wh®.brŒâÆid V‰¿ íiu¡»‹wh®. r§ffhy¥ bg©gh‰òyt®fË‹ öaîŸs¤ âwidí« mt®fis e‹F kâ¤J¥ngh‰¿a brªjÄœ tŸsšfË‹ kd¤ öŒikÆidí«bjËthf m¿ªJbfhŸS« ü‰gÆ‰á Æ‹¿ tu«g‰w j«fhy ïašòfis v©Â¤ j« kd« nghdthW bghUŸfhz KaYjš neÇj‹W. ï¤jifa ãiHghLfS¡bfšyh« fhuz«, r§f ïy¡»a§fË‹ bghUŸ ey§fisï¡fhy¤âš rhjhuz ü‰gÆ‰á íilahU« bjËªJbfhŸS« KiwÆš mikªj ÉÇîiuÆšyhj FiwnaÉÇîiuÆšyhj FiwnaÉÇîiuÆšyhj FiwnaÉÇîiuÆšyhj FiwnaÉÇîiuÆšyhj FiwnaahF«.ahF«.ahF«.ahF«.ahF«.

gâ‰W¥g¤J¥ ghlšfŸ ahî«, nru ntªj®fŸm›t¥bghGJ Ãfœ¤âa fl‰ngh® KjÈa tuyh‰W¢brŒâfisí«, mt‰iw¢ áw¥ã¤J¥ ghl¡ fUâa òyt®fŸj« cŸs¤â‰ fUâa v©z§fisí«, m› bt©z§fis¤njÅD ÄÅa brªjÄœ¥ ghlšfshš murD¡Fz®¤Jªâw§fisí« j« mf¤J¡ bfh©L És§F»‹wd. ï¥ghlšfË‹ Ritey§fis¤ jÄœ khzt® ahtU« bjËthfcz®ªJ k»G« ÃiyÆš ïªüY¡F És¡fK« ÉÇîKilajhf¥ òâaîiu bah‹W vGj¥bgwš nt©L« v‹D«Ãidî âUths® xsit. R. JiurhÄ ãŸisat®fŸâUths® xsit. R. JiurhÄ ãŸisat®fŸâUths® xsit. R. JiurhÄ ãŸisat®fŸâUths® xsit. R. JiurhÄ ãŸisat®fŸâUths® xsit. R. JiurhÄ ãŸisat®fŸcŸs¤â‰ fU¡ bfh©L âfœtjhÆ‰W. v©Âa v©Âah§F¤ âU¤j khf¢ brŒJ Ko¡ftšy âU. ãŸisat®fŸjÄœjæïa j« òyik¤âw¤jhš jÄœjæïa j« òyik¤âw¤jhš jÄœjæïa j« òyik¤âw¤jhš jÄœjæïa j« òyik¤âw¤jhš jÄœjæïa j« òyik¤âw¤jhš gâ‰W¥g¤J v‹D«gHªjÄœ¥ gDtY¡F mÄœbjd És§F« mH»a ï›ÉÇîiu Æid ïa‰¿ íjÉíŸsh®fŸ. ï›îiu


ï¡fhy¤â‰ r§f ïy¡»a§fis¥ gÆy ÉU«ò« aht®¡F«tÊfh£oahŒ És¡F« e‰¿w« thŒªjjhF«. ï›îiuÆ‹ïašãid xUá¿J c‰W neh¡Fnthkhdhš, âUãŸisat®fŸ ï¤ JiwÆš nk‰bfh©l ngUiH¥ò«,m›îiH¥ã‹ gadhf mt®fshš És¡f¥bg‰w mÇafU¤J¡fS« e‹F òydh«. ï›îiu gâ‰W¥g¤J¥ghlšfË‹ bghUŸ ea§fis ÉÇthf És¡FtJl‹,m¥ghlšfS¡F¥ giHa îiuaháÇa® vGâíŸs E£g§fisí« ïÅJ És¡»¢ bršY»‹wJ. m«KiwÆdhšïJ giHa îiuÆ‹ És¡fkhfî« És§F»‹wJ. vÅD«giHa ciuaháÇa® fU¤J¡fis m¥gona ã‹g‰¿¢bršyhkš; gâ‰W¥g¤J¥ ghlšfis¤ jÅKiwÆ‰áªâ¤Jz®ªJ tuyh‰WKiw¡ nf‰g ï›îiuaháÇa®jU« òâa És¡f§fŸ bgÇJ« ghuh£l¤jFtdth«.

ïu©lh«g¤â‹ Kj‰ghlÈš cŸs “fÉ®jijáy«ã‰ WŠR§ ftÇ, guªây§ fUÉbahL euªj§ fdî«MÇa® Jt‹¿a ngÇir Æka«” v‹D« bjhl®¡F¥giHa ciuaháÇa® T¿a ea« m¥ghliy¥ ghoaFk£^®¡ f©zdh® fU¤J¡F x¤jJjhdhFk£^®¡ f©zdh® fU¤J¡F x¤jJjhdhFk£^®¡ f©zdh® fU¤J¡F x¤jJjhdhFk£^®¡ f©zdh® fU¤J¡F x¤jJjhdhFk£^®¡ f©zdh® fU¤J¡F x¤jJjhdh vd Iíwnt©oísJ. “KU¡fku§fŸ br¿ªj kiyÆl¤nj ïuÉšcw§F« ftÇkh‹fŸ gf‰bghGâš jh«nkŒªj euªj«ò‰fisí«, mit ts®j‰F¡ fhuzkhf¥ guªJ És§F«mUÉfisí« fdÉ‰f©L k»œj‰F ïldhŒ És§F«MÇa® ÃiwªJ thG« ïka« v‹wJ; ïkakiyÆ‹ïa‰ifts§fis És¡FtjšyJ m›ts§fis¤ JŒ¤JïÅ Jiwí« ftÇkh‹fS¡F« m§F thG« MÇa®fS¡F«bjhl®ò f‰ã¥gj‹wh«. ï›î©ikÆid e‹Fz®ªj âU.ãŸisat®fŸ ï¤ bjhliu ïkakiyÆ‹ j‹ikeÉ‰áahf¡ bfh©L ciu T¿a âw« (g¡f«.10,11) neh¡f¤jFtjh«. ï¤bjhifÆ YŸs ghlšfis ïa‰¿a r§f¥òyt®fS¡F«, mt®fS¡F MÆu« M©LfŸ ã‰g£L¤njh‹¿a giHa îiuaháÇa®¡F«, ïilna ãweh£lh®EiHÉdhY« mt®j« bkhÊ tH¡F KjÈa nt‰Wik


fshY« jÄHf« milªj muáaš rKjha Ãiy kh‰w§fŸgythF«. ï›thW fhyntWghLfshš njh‹W« kh‰w§fS¡F¡ f£L¥glhjt® ahUÄU¡f KoahJ. bjhšfh¥ãa«,g¤J¥gh£L, v£L¤ bjhif, âU¡FwŸ v‹gt‰W¡FciubaGâ¥nghªj MáÇa¥ bgUk¡fŸ ahtU« ï¡fhyntWghLfËš Xusî á¡F©lt®fns v‹D«c©ikia ís¤J£ bfh©L, gâ‰W¥g¤â‹ giHaîiuÆid e‹fhuhŒªJ âU. ãŸisat®fŸ ï¥òâaÉÇîiuÆid ïa‰¿íŸs âw« ï›îiu KGijí« fU¤ö‹¿¥ go¥gh®¡F ïÅJ És§F«.

ïÅ, ï¥ giHaîiuÆid ao¥gilahf¡ bfh©Lï¡fhy¤jh® vGâa F¿¥ò¡fŸ áy, gâ‰W¥g¤J¥ ghlšfS¡F«, giHaîiu¡F« khwhf; üšgÆY« khzt®cŸs¤ij kU£L« ÃiyÆš cŸsd.

j«Kl‹ ngh® brŒnth® njhšÉí‰W Ãy¤njÉG«go thsh‰ bghUJ, mt®j« eh£il¡ ft®ªJbfhŸS« nguh‰wš gil¤j åu®fisíila gifntªj®jiyeL§» tz§f, mt®j« fhtškukh»a fl«ãidntªj® bgUkhdh»a beLŠnruyhj‹ monahL bt£oåœ¤J»‹wh‹. m«k‹ddJ ngh®¤âw¤ij neÇ‰f©Lk»œªj Fk£^®¡ f©zdh® v‹D« òyt® “tat® åHthsÇ‹ ka¡», ïl§ft® fL«ã‹ muRjiy gÅ¥g¡,fl«òKjš joªj fUŠád ntªnj” vd¢ nruyhjid¥giftuh»a fl«guJ nguh‰wiy ÄF¤J¡ TW« thÆyhfm¡fl«giu bt‹wl¡»a nruyhjdJ nguh‰wiy¥òy¥gL¤Jjš òyt® fU¤jhfÈ‹ `tat® åH thsÇška¡» ïl§ft® fL«ã‹ muR’ vd m¡ fl«giu¡TWKf¤jhš mt®fis bt‹wl¡»a j« ntªjdJbt‰¿ia És¡F« Kiw,

“beŒ¤njh® bjh£l br§if kwt®” (49)

vdî«


“ Ãyªjg É^c« VÂ¥òy« gl®ªJ gLf© Kur« eLt£ áiy¥g¤ njhku ty¤j® ehk« brŒ«kh® Vtš Éa§bfh©L ïisanuh blGjU« xšyh®” (54)

vdî« tU« bjhl®fshš e‹F És§F«. ï«kuãidís¤J£ bfh©L `ïl§ft® fL«ã‹ muR’ v‹w bjhl®¡F“kh‰whuJ ïl¤ij¡ ft®ªJbfhŸs tšy M‰wšÄ¡fåu¤âid íila gifntªj®” vd¥ bghUŸ TWtnjneÇa KiwahF«. ïj‰F khwhf ï¤bjhl®¡F “jd¡FÇaïl¤ij¡ ft®ªj kªâÇ KjÈa R‰w¤ij íila gifaur®”vd¥ bghUŸ T¿a ï¡fhy¤jh® F¿¥òiu, beLŠnruyhjdJeh£il¡ fl«g® Kj‹ Kjš gilbaL¤J¥ ão¤jdbudî«, mj‹ ã‹dnu nruyhj‹ mtnuhL ngh® brŒJbt‹wd‹ vdî« bghUŸbfhŸS« ÃiyÆš mikªJsJ.ïka ksî« gilbaL¤J¢ br‹W, MÇaiu tz¡»abgU«òfœ gil¤j ntªj® bgUkhdh»a nruyhj‹,fl«g® v‹gh® j‹ eh£o‰ gilbaL¤J ïl§fis¡ft®ªJbfhŸS« go fU¤â‹¿ ÆUªjh‹ vd¤ jtwhdbghUŸgL«go vGj¥g£l ï¡ fhy¡ F¿¥òiuÆ‹bghUªjhikÆid íz®ªj âU. ãŸisat®fŸ, tuyh‰WKiw¡F khWglhj tifÆš ï¤bjhl®¡F ciu T¿aâw« (g¡.12,13) Éa¡f¤j¡fjh«.

âU. ãŸisat®fŸ jkJ ÉÇîiuÆš ghlšnjhW«gjrhu« TW« Kiw gÇnkyHf® e¢ádh®¡»Åa® v‹D«giHa îiuaháÇa®fË‹ ciuea§fis bašyh«Ãidî Tu¢ brŒ»‹wJ. gh£o‹ bga®¡fhuz§ TW§fhšgiHaîiuaháÇa® fU¤ij¥ ã‹g‰¿ ït®fŸ TW«És¡f« Äfî« bjËîilajhF«.

16-M« ghlš, JÆÈ‹ghašJÆÈ‹ghašJÆÈ‹ghašJÆÈ‹ghašJÆÈ‹ghaš v‹D« bgaUilajhF«. ï¥ghlÈš beLŠnruyhjdJ kh®ãid mtidÉU«ãa kfË®¡F¥ gha byd¢ áw¥ã¤jikahš ïj‰F¤JÆÈ‹ ghaby‹W bgauhÆ‰W vd¥ giHaîiu


aháÇa® T¿d®. “âUbPk ufy¤J¤ JÆÈ‹ ghaš”v‹gj‰F¤ âU. ãŸisat®fŸ T¿a k‰bwhU ea«bgÇJ« RitjUt bjh‹wh«. beLŠnruyhjdJ kh®òâUkfŸ å‰¿U¡F« áw¥òila bj‹gJ ̀ âUbPk ufy«’v‹gjdhš És¡f¥bg‰wJ. m§‡d« âUkfŸ ÉU«ãå‰¿U¡F« nruyhjdJ kh®ãid mt‹ fhj‹kfË®¡F¥ghaš vd¥ òyt® áw¥ã¡»‹wh®. ãwbshU¤â j‹fzt‹ kh®ãid¤ njhŒªjtÊ mjid btW¤J¥ òyªJnghjny FykfË® ïašò. nruyhjid ÉU«ãa kfË®,mt‹ kh®ãš âUkfŸ v‹D« k‰bwhU¤â ãÇah Jiwjiy¡ f©L« mtDl‹ òythJ m¤âUkfË‹ ïU¥òMŸÉidÆ‰ áwªj j« fztdh»a nruyhjD¡FmHbf‹W bjËªJ j«Kila rhšãdhš âUå‰¿U¡F«mt‹ kh®ã‰ rh®ªJ bgW« JÆÈidna nk‹nkY«ÉU«ò»‹wh®fŸ. mt®j« fhj‰áw¥ãid¡ TWjš g‰¿ï¥ghlš JÆÈ‹ghaš vd¥ bga®bgWtjhÆ‰W vd,ï›tháÇa® TW« k‰bwhU ea« (g¡.42) m¿P®fŸgo¤J ï‹òWj‰ FÇajhF«.

gh£Lil¤ jiytDila g©òfSl‹ mtid¥ghoa òytuJ cŸs¤Jz®¢áfisí« ÉÇ¤Jiu¡F«KiwÆš ï›îiu mikªJsJ. 19-M« ghlš, gifnk‰br‹w nruyhjid neh¡» mtid ï‹¿aikah¥ bgU§fhjysh»a nfh¥bgUªnjÉÆ‹ ãÇth‰whikiavL¤Jiu¤J mtDŸs¤âš m‹òilikia¡ »s®ªbjH¢ brŒj ïašãidí«, nruyhjdJ nghÇdhšgift® ehlÊªj J‹gÃiyia vL¤Jiu¡F Kf¤jhšmt‹ kd¤âš gift®ghš mUSz®Éid¤ njh‰WÉ¡F« ïašãidí«, ïÅJ òy¥gL¤Jtjh«. ï¥ghlY¡F mikªj ÉÇîiu MáÇa® Fk£^®¡f©zdhÇ‹ cŸs¤â‰ bgh§» baGªj mUSz®Éid e‹FbjU£LtjhF«. (g¡.49,56)

20-M« ghlÈš nruyhjid¥ bg‰w jhŒ tÆWÉs§Fthshf vd¥ òyt® thœ¤âaj‹ E£g« e‹F


És¡f¥g£LŸsJ. (g¡f« 63,64). ï¥gh£oš ̀tÆW gáTu


bghU¤jKil¤ bj‹gJ« fUâa ï›ÉÇîiu aháÇa®m¡fU¤â‰nf‰g¤ j« òâaîiuia mik¤J¡ bfh©likït© F¿¥ãl¤ jFtjh«.

ï¥gh£oš ̀f©o E©nfhš’ v‹gJ ̀f©ou D©nfhš’v‹¿U¤jš nt©L«. ̀f©âuŸ ntŒ’ (bgU§fij 1 : 46 : 168)vdtUª bjhl® ï¥ghl¤â‹ ïašãid¥ òy¥gL¤JtjhF«. ï¥gh£oš tªj VwhVÂah»aVwhVÂah»aVwhVÂah»aVwhVÂah»aVwhVÂah»a nfh¡fhÈÆ‹ïašãid ï›ÉÇîiu e‹F òy¥gL¤J»‹wJ.

ï›ÉÇîiu aháÇauh»a âU. ãŸisat®fŸgiHa îiuaháÇa® ciuíl‹ j« fU¤â‰g£lòâaîiu Æidí« x¥òneh¡f¤ jUtJ, üš ea§fhQ«ït®j« x£g¤âid ïÅJ És¡Ftjh«. (g¡.199, 200)

45-M« ghlÈš `flš kW¤âándh®’ v‹gjidÉs¡f tªj giHa ciuaháÇa® “flš kW¤jš v‹wJ,flÈ‰ ò¡F xUÉid brŒj‰F mÇbj‹gjid kW¤jiy”vd¤ j« kâ E£g¤jh‰ áw¥òila bghUŸ T¿dh®.ï¥bghUŸ ̀mÇabt‹ whfhj âšiy’ (FwŸ. 537) vd tUªâUtŸStdh® thŒbkhÊia ÃidÉ‰bfh©L vGj¥bg‰w jhF«. ̀ flš kW¤âándh®’ v‹gj‰F¡ ̀ flÈ‰ ò¡FxU bjhÊiy¢ brŒj‰F kW¤njhuh»a k‹d®’ vd¥bghUŸ T¿dhU« cs®. flÈ‰ ò¡F xUbjhÊiy¢brŒj‰F kW¤njhuh»a k‹d® Ã‹id¤ jÉu ntW ah®ïU¡»wh®fŸ vd¢ br§F£Ltid¥ gÊ¡F« ÃiyÆšguz® v‹D« òyt®bgUkh‹ m›ntªjid¥ ghoÆU¡fkh£lh® v‹gjid ï¥ghliy¥ go¥ngh® e‹Fz®t®.`flš kW¤jándh®’ v‹gj‰F¡ `flÈl¤nj vâ®ªjgiftiu vâ®¤J¥ bghUjÊ¤j ntªj®’ vd ahtU«vËâ‹ czU«go ï›tháÇa® T¿a ciuntWghLV‰W¡ bfhŸs¤jFtnjahF«. ï›thnw “fiuthŒ¥gUâ”(g¡ 214-5) ̀tLtL E©zÆ®’ (g¡. 237) v‹gt‰W¡F¡ T¿aÉs¡f§fŸ m¿ªJbfhŸSj‰ FÇadthF«.

ï›ÉÇîiu ghl‰bghUis És¡FtJl‹ mj‹giHa îiu¡F¿¥ãid És¡Fj‰fÇa áwªjbjhU És¡f


îiuahfîª âfœ»‹wJ v‹gjid K‹ng T¿nd‹.x›bthU gh£o‹ ciu¥gFâÆY« giHa îiuaháÇa®T¿a îiu¡F¿¥ò¡fis vL¤J¡fh£o És¡»¢ brhšY«Kiw ï›î©ikÆid tÈíW¤Jtjh«.

r§f¤ bjhif üšfS¡F ÉÇîiu baGJnth®gâ¥ò¡fË‰ fhz¥gL« ãiHfis íz®ªJ mª üšfË‹c©ikahd ghl¤ij¤ bjÇªJbfhŸS§ flikíilauht®. ï¡flikÆid e‹Fz®ªj ï›ÉÇîiuaháÇa®gâ‰W¥g¤â‹ V£L¢ Rtofisí«, m¢ál¥bg‰w Rtoiaí«x¥òneh¡»¢ áy ghlntWghLfis¤ bjÇªJ bfh©lh®fŸ.

55-M« ghlÈš “bgŒJ òwªjªJ bgh§f yho, É©L¢nr®ªj bt©kiH nghy¢, br‹wh Èanuh bgUk” v‹wbjhl® mikªJsJ. ï¤bjhl®¡F “bgUikia íilahŒ,kiHia¥bgŒJ cyf¤ij¡ fh¥gh‰¿¥ ã‹ò g‹ÅdgŠir¥ nghy¥ bgh§» baGjiy¢ brŒJ kiyia¢nr®ªj btS¤j nkf¤ij¥ nghy¢ bršyh bjhÊahjhf”vd ï¡fhy¤âš vGj¥bg‰w F¿¥òiu fhz¥gL»‹wJ.ï¡F¿¥òiuÆš cŸsthW “Ã‹ thœehŸ btS¤jnkf¤ij¥nghy¢ bršyhbjhÊah jhf” vd ïUKiwvâ®kW¤ Jiu¤jhš “Ã‹ thœehŸ bt©kiHnghy¢br‹W xÊf” v‹D« itj‰bghUŸ njh‹Wtj‹¿ thœ¤Jj‰bghUŸ njh‹Wkh ¿šiy. ï¥gFâ¡F¥ bghUŸTwtªj giHaîiuaháÇa® “bt©kiH nghy¢ br‹whÈa® v‹wJ, m«kiH bgŒJ òwªjU§ T‰iwbah¤J, mJbgŒJ bt©ikahf¡ fÊí§ T‰iw x›thJ xÊfv‹wthW” vd És¡fª jU»‹wh®. vdnt, kiHÆ‹ïašgh»a òu¤jš bjhÊY« m«kiH bgŒjã‹ bt©nkfkh»¤ fÊjš bjhÊY« M»a ïu©oDŸ, kiHï›îyf îÆ®fis¥ òwªjUjš ngh‹W, Ú ï›îyfk¡fis¥ ghJfh¤jš nt©L« vd x‹¿id x¤J«,m«kiH bt©nkfkh»¡ fÊtJ ngh‹W Ã‹ thœehŸfÊjyhfhJ vd x‹iw x›thkY« nruyhjD¡F ctikT¿ thœ¤âdik ï¥giHa îiu¡F¿¥ghš cŒ¤Jz®ªJ


bfhŸsyh«. Mdhš `br‹wh Èanuhbr‹wh Èanuhbr‹wh Èanuhbr‹wh Èanuhbr‹wh Èanuh’ v‹D« ghl«ï¥bghU£F ne® Kuzhf¡ fhz¥gL»‹wJ. ï¥ghl¤â‹ bghUªjhik Æid íz®ªj ï›ÉÇîiuaháÇa®VLfis x¥òneh¡»¢ `br‹wwhÈanuh’ vd¤ âU¤jkhdghl¤âid cz®ªJ btËÆ£lik bgÇJ« ghuh£l¤jFtbjh‹wh«. br‹wwhÈa® v‹Dª bjhlÇid¢ br‹WmwhÈa® vd ïu©L brhšyhf¥ ãÇ¤J, br‹W v‹gjid“nt©Lt msitíŸ ah©L gy fÊa kiHnghy¥ bgŒJòwªjªJ br‹W” vdî«, mwhÈa® v‹gjid¥ bgh§fyhoÉ©L¢ nr®ªj bt©kiHnghy mwhÈa®” vdîª jÅ¤jÅïia¤J ciu¡F«tÊ¥ giHaîiuaháÇa® fU¤JïÅJ òydhjš fh©f.

56-M« ghlÈš “ty«gL Kurª Jit¥g thSa®¤J,ïy§F« óz‹, bghy§ bfhoíÊiPa‹” v‹DªbjhlÇYŸs Éid¡F¿¥ò K‰W¡fis v¢r¥ bghUsthf¡bfh©L ï›tháÇa® TW« ciuE£g« e¢ádh®¡»Åa®e¢ádh®¡»Åa®e¢ádh®¡»Åa®e¢ádh®¡»Åa®e¢ádh®¡»Åa®ciufËš ïilÉlhJ gÆ‹w bjËÉid¥ òy¥gL¤JciufËš ïilÉlhJ gÆ‹w bjËÉid¥ òy¥gL¤JciufËš ïilÉlhJ gÆ‹w bjËÉid¥ òy¥gL¤JciufËš ïilÉlhJ gÆ‹w bjËÉid¥ òy¥gL¤JciufËš ïilÉlhJ gÆ‹w bjËÉid¥ òy¥gL¤J»‹wJ.»‹wJ.»‹wJ.»‹wJ.»‹wJ.

56-M« ghlš `ntªJ bkŒ«kwªj thœ¢ántªJ bkŒ«kwªj thœ¢ántªJ bkŒ«kwªj thœ¢ántªJ bkŒ«kwªj thœ¢ántªJ bkŒ«kwªj thœ¢á’ v‹D«bgaUilajhF«. ntªJ bkŒ«kwªj thœ¢á ba‹wJ,gifntªj® j§fŸ bkŒia (cl«ig) kwªJ nruyhjndhLvâ®¤J Ã‹W bghUJ koªjik fhuzkhf mj‹ fhÇa¤jhšnruyhjD¡F tªJ vŒâa bt‰¿thœthF« vdî«, kwªjthœî v‹w bjhlÇš fhuz¥ bghU£lh»a `kwªj’ v‹D«bgabu¢r« thœî v‹D« fhÇa¥ bga®bfh©L Koªjbjdî« giHa îiuah áÇa® gh£o‹ bga®¡fhuz§T¿dh®. ï›ÉÇîiu aháÇa® “ntªJ bkŒ«kwªj thœ¢á”v‹gj‰F¥ “gifikah‰ ngh® nk‰bfh©L tªJ bghUjntªj® j«Kl«ig¤ JwªJ br‹W Jw¡f¤nj bgW« thœî”vd¥ bghUŸ T¿¥, gifntªj® ah¡ifÃiyahikiae‹Fz®ªJ j« cl«ig kwªJ v‹W« Ãiy¤j òfiHÉU«ã ïw¡f, mjdhš mt®¡FsjhF« Jw¡fthœÉid¢áw¥ã¤Jiu¤jyhš ï¥ ghlš ntªJ bkŒ«kwªj thœ¢á


v‹D« bgaUilajhÆ‰W vd¥ bga®¡fhuzK§T¿dh®. gifntªj® jk¡FÇa gUîl«ig kwªJ ngh®brŒjyhš mt® bgWª Jw¡f thœÉid bkŒ«kwªj thœ¢áv‹wh® v‹D« ï›îiu “e¤j«ngh‰ nfL« csjhF«rh¡fhL«, É¤jf®¡ fšyhš mÇJ” vdtUª âU¡Fw£F¥gÇnkyHf® T¿a ciu¥bghUis ís§bfh©L vGâamUikíilajhF«. k¡fŸ j« òfGl«ò brštbkŒj¥ójîl«ò¡F c©lhF« tWikia ̀M¡fkhF§ nfL’ vdî«,òfGl«ò Ãiybgw¥ ójîl«ò ïw¤jiy `csjhFŠrh¡fhL’ vdî«, T¿ ï›thW Ãiyahjt‰whš ÃiyíiladvŒJth® rJu¥ghLilauhfÈ‹ m‹ndhiu “É¤jf®” vdnk‰fh£oa FwËš bjŒt¥òyt® m¿îW¤âdbudî«ciuaháÇa® gÇnkyHf® e‹F És¡»íŸsh®. ïª E£gkid¤J« `ntªJ bkŒ«kwªj thœ¢á’ v‹D« xU bjhlÇ‰òydhjš bfh©L ï¥ghlš ïjdh‰ bga®bg‰wJ vd ï›îiuaháÇa® TW« fhuz« m¿P®fsh‰ ghuh£l¤jF«áw¥òilajh«.

70-M« ghlÈš `cilÃiy ešyk®cilÃiy ešyk®cilÃiy ešyk®cilÃiy ešyk®cilÃiy ešyk®’ v‹w bjhl®¡F¥gifaurUila Ãiyah»a ešy ngh® v‹w bghUŸã‰fhy¡ F¿¥òiuÆ‰ fhz¥gL»‹wJ. ï¤ bjhl®¡F`v‹W« jk¡nf íilikahf¥ bg‰w ešy ngh®’ vd¥bghUŸ T¿, “nghUl‰WjY« mj‹f© bt‰¿ bgWjY«jk¡F Ãiyahf¡bfh©L áw¡F« ntªj bu‹gh®. gifntªjiu¡ fLŠád ntªjbu‹W«, cil Ãiy ešyk®v‹W« T¿dh®” (g¡.332,333) vd ÉÇîiuah áÇa® jU«És¡f« bghU¤jKilajhf mikªJŸsJ.

71-M« ghlÈš `mUÉah«gšmUÉah«gšmUÉah«gšmUÉah«gšmUÉah«gš’ v‹gj‰F Ãiwªjó¡fsh»a M«gš vd¥ bghUŸ T¿dh®. ï¥ bghUS¡FM®å v‹gJ, mUå vd¤ âÇªJ ã‹ mUÉ vd¡ FW»‰Wvd¡ T¿¡ fÈ¤bjhif 22-M« ghlÈš M®ªJ v‹DŠbrhš mUªJ vd¤ âÇªJ Ã‹wjid nk‰nfhshf¡fh£oíŸsik ït®j« giHa ciuü‰ gÆ‰áÆid¤bjËîgL¤J»‹wJ (g¡.340)


73 M« ghlÈš “cunth® v©ÂD« klnth bu©ÂD«” v‹Dª bjhl®¡F¥ ãw® TWkhW ïu©lh« cUò ÉÇ¤JciuT¿a ï› tháÇa® “ïÅ cunth® jh« v©ÂD«klnth® jh« v©ÂD« ïUâw¤njhU« Ã‹idna ctkkhf¡bfh©Liu¥gh® v‹Wkh«” (g¡.351,352) vd k‰nwhUiuÆidí« F¿¤JŸsik ït© fUj¤ jFtbjh‹wh«.

nrukh‹ bgUŠnruÈU«bghiwÆ‹ ca®tw îa®ªjjiyik¥g©ãid vL¤Jiu¡f ÉU«ãa mÇáš»Hh®m›ntªj® bgUkh‹ m¿É‰áwªj rh‹nwhuhY« Ãu«ãafšÉÆšyhj Vidk¡fshY« e‹f¿a¥g£l bgUikíilah‹ vd És¡Fth®.

“ cunth® v©ÂD« klnth® v©ÂD« ãw®¡F Ú thÆ dšyJ ãw®ctk khfh xUbgU ntªnj”

vd, m« k‹did K‹Åiyah¡»¥ ngh‰¿dh®. c©ikahfnt xUt‹ ahtuhY« ghuh£l¤jF« áw¥òilatdhf És§Fthdhdhš mtdJ bgUik cy»YŸsf‰wh®, fšyhjh® M»a všyh k¡fS¡F« e‹F òydhjšnt©L«. PhÆ‰whš k¡fS¡F Éisí« e‹ik, mj‹ïašãid e‹F MuhŒªJzU« m¿Éaš ünyhU¡F«,Ãu«ãa fšÉÆšyhj Vidk¡fS¡F« x¥g És§Fjiy¡fhQ»‹nwh«. mJnghynt, cy»š m¿th‰wš KjÈat‰whš áwªJ És§F« bgÇnahbdhUtdJ bgUik,ahtUŸs¤âY« Ãiybg‰¿U¡Fbk‹gJ bgWJ«.“M‰wYilah®¡F vL¤J¡ fh£Lj‰FÇa ctikÆid¥ngu¿P® MuhŒªJ njodhY«, Vidk¡fŸ MuhŒªJnjodhY«, Ã‹idna ctikahf vL¤J¡ TWtjšyJÃd¡F¥ ãwiu ctikahf vL¤J¡fh£l ïayhjgoca®tw És§F« bgUkhnd” vd mÇáš »Hh® bgUŠnruÈU«bghiwÆ‹ jd¡Ftik Æšyhj jifikiae‹F És¡»dh®. ï§‡d« bghUŸ TW§fhš `cunth®v©ÂD« klnth® v©ÂD«’ v‹gj‹f© v©Qtj‰FÉidKjš cunthU«, klnthU« vd¡ bfhŸSjš nt©L«.


ï§‡dnk ÉÇîiuÆ‰ fhz¥gL« bghU£áw¥ãidbašyh« ÉÇ¤bjGj¥ ò»‹, bgUFbk‹wŠá ï›tsÉšmik»‹nw‹. f‰nwh® cŸs¤ij¡ ftutšy gâ‰W¥g¤Jv‹D« ÉGÄa üY¡F ï§‡d« Ritey§ bfGkÉÇîiubaGâ íjÉa âU. xsit R. JiurhÄ¥âU. xsit R. JiurhÄ¥âU. xsit R. JiurhÄ¥âU. xsit R. JiurhÄ¥âU. xsit R. JiurhÄ¥ãŸisat®fis¤ãŸisat®fis¤ãŸisat®fis¤ãŸisat®fis¤ãŸisat®fis¤ jÄHf« e‹FzU«. M§»y¥ gÆ‰áíl‹ Ãu«ãa jÄœü‰ òyikí«, g©il¤ jÄÊy¡»a¢Ritey‹fis ciu thÆyhfî« brh‰bghÊî thÆyhfî«,ahtU« czu¢ brŒjš nt©Lbk‹D« nguh®t¤jhš;ïilÉlhJiH¡F« e‹Ka‰áí« ïÅJ thŒ¡f¥bg‰wâU. ãŸisat®fŸ j« òyik¤âw¤jhš jÄHf¤â‰F¥bgUªbjh©L brŒJ tU»‹wh®fŸ. ït®fŸ g©il¤jÄœüšfS¡F ciufhQ« KiwÆ‰ bgUªbjh©LòÇªj ciuaháÇa®fsh»a ïs«óuz®, nrdhtiua®,ciuaháÇa®fsh»a ïs«óuz®, nrdhtiua®,ciuaháÇa®fsh»a ïs«óuz®, nrdhtiua®,ciuaháÇa®fsh»a ïs«óuz®, nrdhtiua®,ciuaháÇa®fsh»a ïs«óuz®, nrdhtiua®,e¢ádh®¡»Åa®, gÇnkyHf®e¢ádh®¡»Åa®, gÇnkyHf®e¢ádh®¡»Åa®, gÇnkyHf®e¢ádh®¡»Åa®, gÇnkyHf®e¢ádh®¡»Åa®, gÇnkyHf® KjÈa brªjÄœ¢rh‹nwh®fË‹ ciu¤âw§fis bašyh« e‹Fz®ªjbr¿î« bjËî« br¿î« bjËî« br¿î« bjËî« br¿î« bjËî« br¿î« bjËî« mikªj ïÅa brªjÄœ eilÆšgHªjÄœ üšfS¡F ÉÇîiu fhQ« nkjfîilauhŒÉs§Fjš; ït®fshš ïa‰w¥bg‰w ï¥ gâ‰W¥g¤â‹ÉÇîiuÆdhš e‹F òydh»‹wJ. v£L¤bjhif üšfSŸx‹wh»a I§FWü‰W¡F ï‹Rit bfGk ït®fËa‰¿aÉÇîiu jÄH¿P®fsh‰ bgÇJ« ghuh£l¥bgW«áw¥òilajhF«. kÂ nkfiy¡F ehty® e.K.nt§flrhÄ eh£lhut®fŸ vGâa ÉÇîiu¥ gFâÆšvŠáa fhijfS¡F ït®fŸ ïa‰¿a ciu¥gFâ ït®fsJguªj ü‰gÆ‰á¡F¢ áwªj vL¤J¡fh£lhf¤ âfœ»‹wJ.nf£lh®¥ ãÂ¡F« jifathŒ¡ nfshU« nt£g bkhÊí«brhšt‹ikí«, brŒí£fË‹ âwdhŒªJ bjËí« ïy¡»aMuhŒ¢á Kiwí«, bjh‹}‰ òyikí« e‹F Ãu«g¥bg‰w âU. xsit R. JiurhÄ¥ãŸisat®fŸâU. xsit R. JiurhÄ¥ãŸisat®fŸâU. xsit R. JiurhÄ¥ãŸisat®fŸâU. xsit R. JiurhÄ¥ãŸisat®fŸâU. xsit R. JiurhÄ¥ãŸisat®fŸgâ‰W¥g¤J¡F¢ áwªjbjhU ÉÇîiuÆid ïa‰¿íjÉaJ fhy¤â‰nf‰w fhy¤â‰nf‰w fhy¤â‰nf‰w fhy¤â‰nf‰w fhy¤â‰nf‰w jÄœ¤ bjh©lhF«. jÄœ¤ bjh©lhF«. jÄœ¤ bjh©lhF«. jÄœ¤ bjh©lhF«. jÄœ¤ bjh©lhF«. g©il¤jÄœü‰ bghUis bašyh« ï¡fhy¤ jÄœk¡fŸ e‹Fz®ªJáwªj òyikbg‰W És§Fjš nt©Lbk‹D«


nguh®t¤Jl‹ mt‰iw mÇâ‹ Ka‹W njo e‹ KiwÆšMuhŒªJ És¡f« jªJ m¢á£LjÉa òyik¥ bgÇah®,bj‹fiy¢ bršt®, bgU« nguháÇa® c.nt. rhÄehj bgU« nguháÇa® c.nt. rhÄehj bgU« nguháÇa® c.nt. rhÄehj bgU« nguháÇa® c.nt. rhÄehj bgU« nguháÇa® c.nt. rhÄehjIaut®fsht®. Iaut®fsht®. Iaut®fsht®. Iaut®fsht®. Iaut®fsht®. mt®fŸ Kj‹Kjyhf ï¥ gâ‰W¥g¤âid¥ giHa îiuíl‹ btËÆlhâUªjhš ï¤jifaòyik¢ bršt¤ij e«kndh® vËâ‰bg‰W k»œjÈayhJ.gâ‰W¥g¤J¡F¢ áwªjbjhU ÉÇîiuÆid¥ bg‰W k»G«ïªÃiyÆš bgU«nguháÇauh»a Iaut®fË‹ brªjÄœ¤ bjh©oid ÃidªJ cskhu¥ ngh‰Wjš e«fldhF«. thœf brªjÄœ: thÊa® jÄœ¤ bjh©l®fŸ!


ghondh® tuyhW

gâ‰W¥g¤ij¥ ghoa rh‹nwh®fSŸ Kj‰ g¤ijí«g¤jh« g¤ijí« ghondh® xÊa, Vid ïilÃ‹wv£L¥g¤J¡f£F« cÇa rh‹nwh® v©k® bga®fS«v©k® bga®fS«v©k® bga®fS«v©k® bga®fS«v©k® bga®fS«»il¤JŸsd. »il¤JŸsd. »il¤JŸsd. »il¤JŸsd. »il¤JŸsd. mt®fŸ, Kiwna Fk£^®¡f©zdh®,ghiy¡nfhjkdh®, fh¥ãah‰W¡fh¥ãadh®, guz®,fh¡ifghoÅah®, e¢brŸisah®, fãy®, mÇáš»Hh®,bgU§F‹ù®»Hh® v‹nghuht®. ït®fŸ tuyhW tUkhW:

Fk£^®¡f©zdh®Fk£^®¡f©zdh®Fk£^®¡f©zdh®Fk£^®¡f©zdh®Fk£^®¡f©zdh® : ït® bgaÇYŸs Fk£^®v‹gJ ïtuJ C®. f©zdh® v‹gJ ïtuJ ïa‰bga®.ït® ïªüÈ‹ ïu©lh«g¤â‹f© ïkatu«g‹ beLŠnruyhjid¥ ghoíŸsh®. ïkatu«gid¥ gho, c«g‰fhLv‹w gFâÆš IŠúW C®fis¥ ãukjhakhfî«, mtdJbj‹dh£L tUthíŸ ghfK« bg‰whbud ïu©lh«g¤â‹gâf« TW»wJ.

Fk£^® v‹w bgaiuíila ñ®fŸ e« eh£ošï¥nghJ fhz¥glÉšiy. fšbt£L¡ fhy§fËšïUªJ, ã‹ kiwªJnghd ñ®fŸ gy c©L. Mjyhš,mt‰iw neh¡FÄl¤J¡ Fk£^bud¥ bgaÇa ñ®fŸïu©L fšbt£L¡fË‰ fhz¥gL»‹wd. mt‰WŸ x‹W,F©^® ášyhÉ‹ jiyefuhd F©^®. m§FŸsfšbt£blh‹W (A.R.No. 83 of 1917) mjid, X§nfUkh®¡f¤âYŸs Fk£^® v‹W F¿¡»wJ. mJ rf« 1080M«M©oš (».ã. 1158) njh‹¿ajhF«. k‰bwh‹W,òJ¡nfh£ilia¢ nr®ªj á¤j‹dthrš v‹DÄl¤â‰fhz¥gL« fšbt£L. ï¢ á¤j‹dthrš fšbt£o‹fhy« ».K. ïu©lh« ü‰wh©lhfnth _‹wh«ü‰wh©lhfnth fšbt£lhuhŒ¢áahs® fUJ»‹wd®

32


(P.S. Ins. No. 1) ï~J mnrhfãuhÄ baG¤jhf v©z¥gL»wJ. jÄœ¤bjhlbuh‹W mnrhf ãuhÄ baG¤âšvGj¥g£LŸsbjdî«, ï› tH¡fhW kJiu âUbešntÈášyh¡fËš tH§»abjdî« vL¤njhâ, ïjid mÇâ‹Ka‹W go¤J¥ bghUŸ c©ik f©l fšbt£L¤Jiw¤jiyt® âU. K.V. R¥ãukÂa mŒaut®fŸ, ï¡ fšbt£L,“nahÄeh£L¡ Fk£^®¥ ãwªjh‹ fhîâ ÆjD¡F¢á¤J¥ngh¢áš ïisah® brŒj mâ£lhd«” vd Ã‰»wbjdî« T¿íŸsh®. nahÄehL v‹gJ XŒkhehbl‹gj‹âÇbgd¡ fhz¥glnt, ï¡fšbt£L, “XŒkheh£L¡Fk£^®¥ ãwªjh‹ fhîâ ÆjD¡F¢ á¤J¥ngh¢ášïisah® brŒj mâ£lhd«” vd¥ go¡f¥gLtjhÆ‰W.F©^®¡ fšbt£ilí«, á¤j‹dthr‰ fšbt£ilí«neh¡FÄl¤J¡ f©zdhuJ Fk£^® xŒkheh£L¡Fk£^uhbkd¡ fUJj‰nf‰w thŒ¥òil¤jh»wJ.


áijªJ tH§FtjhÆ‰bwd¡ bfhŸË‹, ïu©lh«g¤ij¥ ghoa Fk£^®¡ f©zdh® bjh©il eh£LXŒkheh£il¢ nr®ªj rh‹nwh® v‹gJ nj‰w«. ït®¡Fïkatu«g‹ eš»a C®fis¥ ãukjhabkd¥ gâf«TWjyhš, mt‰iw¥ bg‰w f©zdh® gh®¥gd bu‹gJÉs§F»‹wJ.

ïu©lh« g¤J¡FÇa beLŠnruyhj‹, ïkatu«gdhŒ És§»a âw¤ij, “ngÇir ïka« bj‹d§ FkÇbah lhÆil, k‹Û¡ TWe® kw«jg¡ flªJ” (gâ‰. 11)v‹W T¿ t‰òW¤J»‹wh®. fl‰Öî x‹¿ÈUªJ nghªJFW«òbrŒJ thœªj fl«g® v‹gt®fis, beLŠnruyhj‹ fyŠ brY¤â¢ br‹W bghUJ mt®fisbt‹Wnk«g£l ey¤ij KUf‹ flyf« òFªJ Nuid bt‹WthifNo És§»a És¡f¤njhL ctÄ¤J¡ TWtJgo¥ngh®¡F Ä¡f ï‹g« jUtjhF«. ïkatu«g‹kidÉÆ‹ f‰òey¤ij¥ òfœªJ, “M¿a f‰ã‹ ml§»arhaš, CoD« ïÅa TW« ï‹dif, mÄ®JbghâJt®thŒ mk®¤j neh¡»‹, Rl®Ejš mireil” vdî«,“bgUŠrhš bghL§»a, ehQkÈ ah¡if thQj yÇit”badî« ghuh£Lt®. nruyhj‹ bfhilia, “khÇbghŒ¡Ft jhÆD«, nruyhj‹ bghŒay‹” vdî«,“vk®¡F« ãw®¡F« ahtuhÆD«, gÇá‹ kh¡fŸ tšyhuhÆD«, bfhil¡fl dk®ªj nfhlh beŠád‹” vdî«,“vÊÈ jiyah jhÆD«, tÆW gáTu


ïªüÈš _‹wh« g¤ij¥ gho¢ áw¥ã¤âU¡»‹wh®.ï›thW áw¥ã¤jjdhš ntªj‹ k»œªJ mt® nt©oajidtH§f¢ rikªâUªjh‹. m¥nghœJ, mt® ntªjid nt©o,“ahD« v‹ R‰wK« Jw¡f« òF«go bghUªâa mw§fisKo¤J¤ Jw¡f¤ij¤ jUf” v‹wh®. nru ntªj‹ mt®ÉU«ãa t©znk ntŸÉ gy brŒJ “Ú ÉiHí«Jw¡f¤â‹f© ÚLthœf” vd îjÉdh‹. ï¢ brŒâia¥gHbkhÊ ghoa K‹Wiwaiuadh® F¿¥ghf, “bjhL¤jbgU«òyt‹ brh‰Fiw Ôu, mL¤J¤jh v‹wh‰F thÊanuh”(gH.316) v‹whuhf, mj‹ giHaîiufhu® ï¡nfhjkdh®tuyhW fh£o És¡»íŸsh®. nfhjkdh® xU gh®¥gd®v‹gJ, mt® ahD« v‹ gh®¥gÅí« Jw¡f« òfnt©L«vd¡ T¿dhbud¥ gLtjhš bjËth»wJ. ït® ghoajhf¥ òw¤âš xUgh£L¡ fhz¥gL»wJ. mj‹f© jUkò¤âuid mt® ghodhbud¡ F¿¡f¥bg‰WsJ. gšahid¢bršbfG F£Ltid mt® òw¥gh£oš mwnth‹ kfndvd¥ ghuh£odhuhf, ã‰fhy¤njh® mjid¤ jUkò¤âu‹vd tlbkhÊ¥gL¤â¥ gh©ltdhd jUkò¤âuid¥ghoabjd¥ ãwH¡ bfh©LÉ£ldbud¡ nfhlš nt©L«.ï¥òw¥gh£L ïWâÆš ghiy¡nfhjkdh® ghoabj‹nwV£o‰ fhz¥gL»wJ. Mjyhš _‹wh« g¤ij¥ ghoaghiy¡ nfhjkdhnu ï¥òw¥gh£ilí« ghoatuhjšnj‰wkh«. ït® bga® áy VLfËš nfhjkdhbud¡fhz¥gLtJ bfh©L, âU. uh. ïuhfita§fhut®fŸ,“ï›tháÇaÇ‹ ntwhjš fh£lnt ghiyba‹D«milaL¤J¥ ghiy¡bfsjkdhbud ït® bganuòidªJ És§»a bgÇahU« ï¤ jÄœeh£oš c©L; ï¥ghiy¡ bfsjkdh® ïw¥g¥ ãªâatuht®” (jÄœ tu. g¡.245) v‹W TW»‹wh®. Mdhš lh¡l® âU. c. nt.rhÄehijaut®fŸ, ghiy¡nfhjkdhnu, nfhjkdhbud¢áy VLfËš F¿¡f¥bg‰wdbudî«, gâ‰W¥g¤J _‹wh«g¤J¥ ghoatU« “ÉG¡fo¥ giwªj” (òw«. 366) vd¤bjhl§F« òw¥gh£il¥ ghoatU« xUtnu badî«fUJ»‹wh®.


ï¥ ghiy¡nfhjkdh®, bgU§fhŠá ghLtâš áwªjehey« thŒªjtbu‹gij mt® ghoa òw¥gh£L ïÅJÉs¡F»wJ. gšahid¢ bršbfGF£Ltid¥ ghuh£L§fhš mt‹ FotuÉid, “ãw®ãw® eÈahJ nt‰W¥bghUŸ bt~fhJ, ikÆš m¿Éd® br›Éâ‹ elªJj«,mk®Jiz¥ ãÇahJ gh¤J©L kh¡fŸ, _¤j ah¡ifbahL ãÂÆ‹W fÊa, CÊ íŒ¤j îunth U«gš” vd¥ghuh£o ÆU¥gJ«, mtid thœ¤JÄl¤J, mt‹kidÉÆ‹ bgUkh©ãid Éjªnjhâ, “ntíwœ giz¤njhŸ ïtnshL, MÆu btŸs« thÊa gynt” vdthœ¤JtJ«, “brh‰bga® eh£l« nfŸÉ beŠrbk‹,iwªJl‹ ngh‰¿” vdî«, “ádnd fhk« fÊf© nzh£l«”m¢r« bghŒ¢brhš m‹òÄf îilik, bjwš fLikbahLãwî« ï›îyf¤J, mwªbjÇ â»Ç¡F tÊail ahF«ÔJ” vdî«, “Xjš nt£lš mitãw®¢ brŒjš,


gFâÆš fh¥ãa¡Fo ba‹nwh® CUsJ. fh¥ãaŠnrªjdh® vd¥gL« rh‹nwhbuhUt® e‰¿iz ghoaMáÇaÇilna fhz¥gL»‹wh®. mt® ï¡fh¥ãadhUila kfdhuht®; MdJg‰¿ mt® fh¥ãaŠ nrªjdh®vd¥gL»‹wh®. fh¥ãah‰W¡fh¥ãadh® fs§fhŒ¡fs§fhŒ¡fs§fhŒ¡fs§fhŒ¡fs§fhŒ¡f©Â eh®Ko¢nrušf©Â eh®Ko¢nrušf©Â eh®Ko¢nrušf©Â eh®Ko¢nrušf©Â eh®Ko¢nruš v‹D« nruntªjid, ïªüšeh‹fh« g¤ij¥ gho¢ áw¥ã¤âU¡»‹wh®. fs§fhŒ¡f©Â eh®Ko¢nruš fhy¤âš mtbdhL khWg£LkhWg£LkhWg£LkhWg£LkhWg£LÃ‹wt® beLÄlyŠá, e‹d‹Ã‹wt® beLÄlyŠá, e‹d‹Ã‹wt® beLÄlyŠá, e‹d‹Ã‹wt® beLÄlyŠá, e‹d‹Ã‹wt® beLÄlyŠá, e‹d‹ KjÈnahuht®. mtUŸe‹d‹, eh®Ko¢nruš ïisadhŒ ïUªjnghnjh,mtDila K‹ndh® fhy¤njh nrueh£o‹ xU gFâia¤jh‹ ft®ªJbfh©lhdhf, eh®Ko¢nruš muRf£ony¿aJ« fl«ã‹ bgUthÆš v‹DÄl¤nj e‹dbdhLbghUJ bt‹¿bfh©L És§»dh‹. mjid¡ f©lfh¥ãadh® “bgh‹d§ f©Â¥ bghyª nj® e‹d‹,Rl®å thif¡ foKjš joªj, jh®ÄF ikªâ‹ eh®Ko¢nruš”v‹W ghuh£oíŸsh®; beLÄl yŠáÆ‹ tÈbfl¥bghUjÊ¤J, mtdJ “ãiHah ÉisíŸ ehlf¥ gL¤J”És§»d vd¢ áw¥ã¤JŸsh®; eh®Ko¢nruÈ‹ eh®Koey¤ij, “myªjiy nty¤ Jyit aŠáid¢, áy«ãnfhÈa ty§f‰ ngh®itÆ‹, ïy§FkÂ ÄilªjgR«bgh‰ gly¤, jÉÇiH ijï Ä‹DÄœ ãy§f, Ó®ÄFK¤jª ijïa eh®Ko” bad¢ brhšnyhÉaŠ, brŒJ fh£L»‹wh®. m¢ nruÈ‹ Fzey« TWthuhŒ “M‹wÉªjl§»a brÆ®Ô® br«khš” vdî«, “Js§FFo âU¤âaty«gL bt‹¿í«,” “bjh‹Åiy¢ áw¥ã‹ Ã‹Åiythœe®¡F¡, nfhlw it¤j nfhlh¡ bfhŸifí«” cilabddî«, “jhÉ bdŠr¤J¥, gh¤ö© bjhF¤j M©ik”íilabddî« gytifah‰ ghuh£o, mt‹ kidÉÆ‹kh©ãid, “ÉR«òtH§F kfË UŸS« áwªj, br«Û‹midaŸ” vd vL¤njhâ, mtDila bt‹¿¢ áw¥ò«,bfhil¢ áw¥ò«, eÉšbjhW« ï‹gŠ Ru¡f¥ gho,“cyf¤njhnu gy®k‹ bršt®, všyh UŸS«Ã‹ ešÈirÄFnk” v‹W«, mt‹ jd¡bfd thHh¥ bgUªjifahjiy


Äf ÉaªJ, “jhÉš beŠr¤J¥, gF¤ö© bjhF¤j M©ik¥,ãw®¡bfd thœâÚ” badî«, “e‹WbgÇ JiliaahšÚna, btªâwš ntªnjÆ› îyf¤ njh®¡nf” badî«ghuh£o¡ TWtd g‹Kiwí« go¤J ï‹òw¤ jFtdthF«. nrueh£lt® âUkhiy tÊgLª âw« ïtuhš Ä¡fÉs¡fkhf¡ F¿¡f¥gL»wJ.

guz®guz®guz®guz®guz® : MáÇa® guz® r§ffhy¢ rh‹nwh® T£l¤J£ áw¥òilnahUŸ xUt®. ït® ghoa gh£L¡fŸÄf¥ gy r§f ïy¡»a§fSŸ bjhF¡f¥g£LŸsd.MáÇa® kh_ydh® KjÈa rh‹nwh® nghy¤ j« fhy¤J«j«Kila K‹ndh® fhy¤J« Ãfœªj Ãfœ¢áfisM§fh§F vL¤J¡fh£o¥ g©il¤ jÄœeh£L tuyh‰w¿îtH§F« bgUªjif ï¥ guzuht®. ïtUila òyikeyK« tsK«


ndhnu” v‹gjdhš, guz® br§F£Lt‹ flšãw¡nfh£oa brŒâia Äf ÉaªJ TWjiy e‹F fhzyh«.ït‹ K‹ndhUŸ xUtdhd ïkatu«g‹ beLŠnruyhj‹,fl‰FŸ fyŠbrY¤â¢ br‹W fl«g bu‹ghiu bt‹wJ«,“ádÄF jhid thdt‹ Flflš, bghyªjU ehthnah£oa t›tÊ¥, ãwfy« bršfyhJ” (òw«.126) vdkhnwh¡f¤J e¥griyah® TWtJ« neh¡»‹, flÈ‰fyŠbrY¤â¢ br‹W giftbuhL fl‰nghUl‰¿ bt‰¿nk«gLª âw« nruntªj®ghš áwªJ És§FtJ fhz¥gL«.ï¡ F£Lt‹ fhy¤nj, nfha«ò¤öU¡ f©ikÆYŸsng%®¡ fU»nyhL« fhŠáah‰¿‹ fiuÆš brštk¡fŸntÅ‰fhy¤âš bghÊšfËš j§» ï‹òW« bgUŠáw¥ig,“bghÊštâ ntÅš ngbuÊš thœ¡if, nktU R‰wbkhLc©oÅJ EfU«, Ô«òd yha khL« fhŠáa« bgUªJiw”ba‹W ghuh£o¡ TW»‹wh®; br§F£Lt‹ bgU§fšÉíila‹ v‹gij, “bjhiyah¡ f‰gÃ‹ Ãiyf©oFnk” vdî«, mtDila bk‹ik¥ g©ò« M©ik¢áw¥ò« És§f, “tz§»a rhaš tz§fh M©ik”vdî«áw¥ã¤ JŸsh®; br§F£Lt‹ Ãy¤nj j‹id baâ®¤jnkhT® k‹d‹ KjyhÆndhiu bt‹wij, “btšngh®ntªjU« ntËU« x‹WbkhÊªJ, bkhŒtsŠ brU¡»¥bkháªJ tU« nkhT®, ty«gL F>cÃiy aâuk©o..............gLãz« ãw§f¥ ghœgy brŒJ” áwªjh‹ v‹g®; mt‹cyF òu¡F« ey¤ij, “cyf« òiuï¢, br§Fz¡ bfhGF«fYÊ kÈ®Ãiw¡, fhÉÇ a‹¿í«, óÉÇ òdbyhU _‹Wl‹Toa Tlš midia” vd vL¤njhJt®. br§F£LtDilamw¢braš eyK« kw¢braš kh©ò« ït® gh£L¡fËšbjhl¡fKjš ïWâtiu ï‹g« C‰bwH¥ ghl¥g£LŸsd.

fh¡ifghoÅah® e¢brŸisah® fh¡ifghoÅah® e¢brŸisah® fh¡ifghoÅah® e¢brŸisah® fh¡ifghoÅah® e¢brŸisah® fh¡ifghoÅah® e¢brŸisah® : brŸisba‹gJ ï¥ òyt® bgUkh£oÆ‹ ïa‰bga®. brªjÄœ¥òyikah‰ bg‰w áw¥ò¡F¿¤J ït® bga®, K‹D«ã‹D« áw¥òz®¤J« ïil¢brh‰fŸ nr®ªJe¢brŸisahbud tH§FtjhÆ‰W. xUfhš, ÉUªJtu¡


fiuªj fh¡ifia¡ fhjy‹ ãÇthš ntWg£L tUªJ«jiykfbshU¤â T‰¿šit¤J ït® xU gh£il¥ghod®. m¥ gh£L¡ FWªbjhifíŸ rh‹nwhuhš nfh¡f¥g£LŸsJ. m¥ gh£o‹ ey§f©L Éaªj brªjÄœ¢rh‹nwh® e¢brŸisahiu¡ fh¡if ghoÅah®e¢brŸisah® vd¥ ghuh£LthuhÆd®. mJKjš mtU«fh¡ifghoÅah® e¢brŸisahbud tH§f¥bgW »‹wd®.g©ilehËš kfË®¡F¢ brŸisbad¥ bgaÇLtJ tH¡fbk‹gjid “nt©khŸ mªJtŠ brŸis” vd ïªüÈ‹x‹gjh«g¤â‹ gâf« TWtjdhš ïÅJ bjËth«.fh¡ifghoÅah® ïªüš Mwh«g¤jhš MLnfh£gh£L¢nruyhjid¥ gho¢ áw¥ã¤âU¡ »‹wh®. mt® gh£ilna‰Wk»œªj nruyhj‹ mt®¡F mÂfyD¡bfd x‹gJfh¥bgh‹D«, üwhÆu« bgh‰fhR« tH§»anjhL. j‹murit¥ òytuhf¤ j‹ g¡f¤nj ïU¤jš nt©Lbkd¡nf£L¡bfh©lh‹. e¢brŸisahU« mt‹ g¡f¤njÆUªJ mik¢áa‰ òyik el¤âtªjh®. xUfhš, nruyhj‹,kfË® Mlš ghlšfËš bgÇJ«


nj}WŠ brh‰fshš ï¥ g¤â‹f© mHFw¥ ghl¥g£LsJ. xUfhš, ï¢ nruyhj‹ ïuty®ghš bfh©oU¡F«mU£bgU¡if¡ f©lh® fh¡ifghoÅah®; mtdJkidthœití«, mt® e‹f¿ªâUªjh®; mjdhš, mt®kd¤bjGªj Éa¥ò, “ïsªJiz¥ òjšt® ešts« gaªj,ts§bfG Fil¢Nš ml§»a bfhŸif, M‹w m¿É‹njh‹¿a ešÈir, x©Qjš kfË® JÅ¤j f©ÂD«,ïuty® ò‹f© mŠR«, òubtâ® bfhŸt‹” v‹W xUgh£il¥ ghLÉ¤jJ. nruyhj‹, “cyf« jh§»a nk«gLf‰ò” cila bddî«, “xšyh® ahid fhÂ‹, Ãšyh¤jhid ïiw»H nth‹” vdî«, “bghŒgL g¿ah ta§FbrªehÉ‹, vÆby¿ tšÉš VÉs§F jl¡if, VªbjÊyhf¤J¢ rh‹nwh® bkŒ«kiw, thd tu«g‹” vdî«mtDila fšÉ, M©ik KjÈat‰iw¥ ghuh£L«ït®, jkJ Muhikahš, “vidaöc«, ca®Ãiy íyf¤J¢bršyhJ ït©Ã‹W, ïUÃy kU§»š beoJ k‹Åanuh”vd thœ¤JtJ Ä¡f ïW«óJ ga¡»‹wJ. ïití«ïitnghY« ãwey§fS« ï¥g¤â‹f© ÃiwªJŸsd.

fãy®fãy®fãy®fãy®fãy® : r§f¤ bjhif üšfË‰ fhz¥gL« rh‹nwh®fSŸ rh‹nwh® guî« rhšòÄ¡ftU£ fãy® áwªjtuht®.ït® ïª üÈš VHh«g¤jhš bršt¡ fL§nfhthÊahjid¢ áw¥ã¤JŸsh®. “ahnd gÇáy‹ k‹D«mªjz‹” vd¤ jhnk j«ik mªjzbd‹W TWtJ«,khnwh¡f¤J e¥griyah® “òydG¡ f‰w mªj zhs‹”v‹gJ« neh¡Fth®, ït® mªjzÇš jiyaha mªjzbudÉiHt®. ït® gw«òeh£L thjñÇ‰ ãwªjt®. thjñ®¡fšbt£L¡fns mjid¤ “bj‹ gw«òeh£L¤ âUthjñ®”v‹W F¿¡»‹wd. ïªeh£L ntªjdhd ntŸghÇ¡F¡fãy® cÆ®¤Jiztuht®. mt‹ ïwªjã‹ mt‹kfËiu¡fãy® j‹ k¡fshf¡ bfh©L br‹W âU¡nfhtÿÇškiyakh‹k¡fS¡F kz« òÇÉ¤j brŒâ cyf¿ªjbjh‹W. âU¡nfhtÿ®¡ fšbt£blh‹W, `bkhŒit¤âaY K¤jÄœ eh‹ik¤, bjŒt¡ fÉij¢ brŠbrh‰fãy‹, _Çt© ll¡if¥ ghÇj‹ dil¡fy¥, bg©iz


kiya®¡ FjÉ¥ bg©iz, miyòd yGt¤ jªjÇyŠbry, ÄdšòF ÉR«ã‹ åLngbw©Â¡, fdšòF§fãy®¡ fšyJ’ (S.I.I. Vol. VII No. 863) v‹W TW»wJ. ït®ghoadthf¢ r§f¤ bjhif üšfSŸ gÇghlš x‹bwhÊaVid bašyh t‰¿D« gy gh£L¡fŸ c©L. gâbd©Ñœ¡fz¡F v‹gdt‰WŸ x‹whd ï‹dh eh‰g bj‹gJ«fãy® ghoa bjd¥gL»wJ. ït® tuyhW, òyik¤âw«KjÈa ey§fis¡ fhyŠbr‹w âU. e. K. nt§flrhÄâU. e. K. nt§flrhÄâU. e. K. nt§flrhÄâU. e. K. nt§flrhÄâU. e. K. nt§flrhÄeh£lhut®fŸeh£lhut®fŸeh£lhut®fŸeh£lhut®fŸeh£lhut®fŸ Äf mHfhf vGâ btËÆ£oU¡»‹wd®.ntW áy m¿P®fS« vGâíŸsd®; Mjyhš ï§nffãyiu¥ g‰¿ nkY« TWtJ Äif. ïª üÈš VHh«g¤âšfãy®, bršt¡fL§nfh thÊahjid¤ jh«gho tªjj‰F¡fhuz« TWth®, “ky®ªj kh®ã‹ kht© ghÇ, KHîk©òyu ïuty® ïida, thuh¢ nr£òy« gl®ªjh‹mË¡bfd, ïu¡F thnu‹ vŠá¡ Tnw‹,” vd bkhÊªJ,“


ntªnj, Ã‹nghš mirÉš bfhŸifa uhfÈ‹ mirahJ,M©nlh® k‹w ï« k©bfG Phy«, Ãy«ga« bghÊa¢Rl®ád« jÂa, ga§bfG btŸË MÃa« Ã‰g, ÉR«òbkŒafy¥ bgašòu btâu, ehšntW edªjiy Xuh§F eªj,ïy§Ffâ®¤ â»Ç Kªâá ndhnu” v‹W ghuh£oíŸsh®.KoÉš mtid thœ¤jY‰w fãy®, “ntªnj, ntŸÉahšflîŸ mUªâid; nfŸÉahš ca®Ãiy íyf¤J Iaiuï‹òW¤âid; òjštuhš Kâaiu¥ ngÂ¤ bjhšfl‹ïW¤jid; Mfnt, `mÆiu beLtiu nghy¤, bjhiyahjhfÚ thG« ehns’ vd thœ¤J»‹wh®. ï›thnw ït®TW« ïa‰if ey§fisí« ãwt‰iwí« T¿‹ bgUF«.

mÇáš »Hh®mÇáš »Hh®mÇáš »Hh®mÇáš »Hh®mÇáš »Hh® : ï¢rh‹nwhuJ ïa‰bga® bjÇªâyJ.mÇáš v‹gJ nrhHeh£L C®fSŸ x‹W. ï›ñuUnffhÉÇÆÅ‹W« ãÇªJ br‹w xU »is mÇáyhW vdtH§FtjhÆ‰W. ï¢ rh‹nwh® ï›ñ®¡F cÇauhŒ¡»Hh® v‹w áw¥ò¥bg‰W thœªjnjhL ešÈir¥òyikáwªJ És§»dh®; MÆD«, rh‹nwh® ït® ïa‰bgaiuÉL¤J mÇáš»Hh® v‹w áw¥ò¥ bgaiuna bgÇbjL¤JtH§»dikÆ‹, ehsilÉš ïa‰bga® kiwªJ nghÆ‰W.ï¥nghJ mÇáš v‹w CU« kiwªJnghÆ‰W. nghfnt, ï¢rh‹nwhuJ mÇáÿiu, âU¢á kht£l¤J mÇÆÿuhfî«, ikN®eh£L mÇá¡fiuahfî« bfhŸsyhnkhvd MuhŒ¢áahs® ka§fY‰wd®. óŠrh‰ù® v‹gJnrhH eh£o‰ r§ffhy¤âUªjnjh%®; m~J ïil¡fhy¢nrhH® fhy¤J« ïUªjik fšbt£L¡fshš (A.R. 256 of1926) bjÇ»wJ; ï¥nghJ mJ kiwªJÉ£lJ. ï›thnwmÇáš»HhuJ mÇáÿU« kiwªjJ vd¡ nfhlš nt©L«.mÇáš»Hh® itahÉ¡nfh¥ bgU«ngfid í«, mâakh‹vÊÅia í« ghoíŸsh®; ïªüÈš v£lh«g¤ij¥gho¤ jf^® v¿ªj bgUŠnruš ïU« bghiwia¢áw¥ã¤JŸsh®; ï›ÉU«bghiwiaí« ït‹ fhy¤njïtid¥ gif¤J¡ bf£l ntªj®fisí« Ó®ö¡»¥ gh®¤jmÇáš»Hh®, ïU«bghiwghš m¿î« M©ikí«ift©ikí« Ä¡F‰¿U¥gJ fhQ»‹wh®; gift®ghš


Nœ¢á¤ bjËî«, Éid¤â£gK« bghUŸgilfsh‰bgUikí« ïšyhikia¤ bjÇªj¿ »‹wh®. mjdhšmt®fŸ gil¡nfhŸ mŠrhkš, NHhJ JÂªJ nghUl‰¿cÆ®¡nfL« bghU£ nfL« c©lh¡Fjiy a¿»‹wh®;nghÇš ïU«bghiwÆ‹ M©ik¤Ô kl§f‰ ÖÆid¥nghšml§fhJ bgUFjiy¡ f©L, “kl§f‰Ö Æ‹ midia,ád§bfG FÇáš Ã‹ cl‰¿á ndh®¡nf” v‹W ghL»‹wh®. gifntªj® gifik Ú§» ïU«bghiwÆ‹brhštÊ ÃšyhuhÆ‹ ehL vŒJ« nfL ÃidªJ,“bghyªjh® ahid ïašnj®¥ bghiwa, ntªjU«ntËU« ãwU« Ñœ¥gÂªJ, Ã‹tÊ¥ glhuhÆ‹.... ghlšrh‹w it¥ã‹, ehLl dhlš ahtz jt®¡nf” v‹WbjÇÉ¡»‹wh®; gift® m¿î¤ JiwÆš bjËÉyuhjiy,ïÅ, ïU«bghiwna bjËªJ nt©Ltd brŒjšnt©L«v‹D« fU¤âduhŒ, “cutU kltU k¿îbjÇª bj©Â,m¿ªjid aUsh ahÆ‹, ahÇt© beLªjif thGnkhnu” bad ïa«ò»‹wh®; ngh®bjhL¡F« gifntªjuJm¿ahik¡F ïu§», mt®gh‰ br‹W, bghiwaDila“tsD« M©ikí« ift© ikí«, khªj® msÉwªjd”vd¥ g‹dhŸ br‹W bjÇÉ¡»‹wh®; m›tÊí« njwhjhiu,ntW ãw rh‹nwhiu ÉL¤J¤ bjÇÉ¡»‹wh®; m›tÊí«mt® bjË»‹¿y®; mJf©L tUªâ, “M§F« kâkUs¡fh©Ftš, ah§Fiu¥ ngbdd tUªJtš ahnd” vd¢ brhšÈtUªJ»‹wd®. ïU«bghiwahš mt®¡fhf¥ gÇªJ, “Ã‹K‹¿iz Kjšt®¡ nfh«ãd UiwªJ, k‹gij fh¥gm¿î tÈíW¤J, e‹w¿ íŸs¤J¢ rh‹nwh u‹dÃ‹,g©òe‹ f¿ah® kl«bgU ikÆ‹” vd¥ ngR»‹wh®;ï›thW mt‹ t©ikÄFâ f©L gÇªJngáamÇáš»Hh®, mtdJ m¿îey¤ij íz®ªJ, mjdhšmt‹ brašfis¥ ghuh£o, “nfŸÉ nf£L¥ got« xoahJ,ntŸÉ nt£lid ca®ªnjh® ct¥g” vdî«, “rhšò«br«ikí« cs¥gl¥ ãwî«, fht‰ fikªj muRJiwngh»a, åWrhš òjšt‰ bg‰wid” badî« òfœ»‹wh®;nfŸÉahY« Xoah¥ got¤jhY« ïU«bghiw baŒâa


ca®it, gotª jh§F« kd¤â£gÄšyhj eiu _jhsid¤bjU£o e‹bd¿¥gL¤âa braÈš it¤J, “KGJz®ªbjhG¡F« eiu_ jhsid, t©ikí« kh©ò« tsDbk¢rK«, bjŒtK« ahtJ« jtKil nah®¡bfd,ntWgL edªjiy bgau¡, T¿id bgUkÃ‹ goikahnd” vd És¡F»‹wh®. ï›thnw ït® ïU«bghiwÆ‹gil¥bgUik TwY«, jf^® ü¿aJ TwY«, brUÉY«ïuty® eLÉY« ãwÉl¤J« ïU«bghiw ÆU¡F«ïašòÃiy TwY«, ãwî« go¡Fª njhW« ï‹g«Ru¡F« g©ãdthF«.

bgU§F‹ù®»Hh®bgU§F‹ù®»Hh®bgU§F‹ù®»Hh®bgU§F‹ù®»Hh®bgU§F‹ù®»Hh® : bgU§F‹ù® vd¥ bga®bfh©l ñ®fŸ jÄœeh£o‰ gy cŸsd; mjdhšï¢rh‹nwhuJ bgU§F‹ù® ï‹d eh£lbjdmWâÆ£L¡ TWtJ ïayhjhÆ‰W. kiygLflh« ghoaMáÇauJ bgU§F‹ù®, ï¥bgU§F‹ù® »HhuJ CÇ‹ntWg£l bj‹w‰F¥ nghY«, mt%iu ïuÂa K£l¤J¥bgU§F‹ù® vd¢ rh‹nwh® bjÇªJ bkhÊªjd®.itahÉ¡nfh¥ bgU«ngfid mt‹ kidÉ fhuzkhf¥ghoa rh‹nwhUŸ ïtU« xUtuht®. ït® ghodthf¥gy gh£L¡fŸ Vid¤ bjhifüšfËY« cŸsd. ïªüšx‹gjh« g¤jhš ït® Fl¡nfh ïsŠnru ÈU«bghiwia¢áw¥ã¤JŸsh®. ïsŠnru ÈU« bghiwia ït® “ÃyªjUâUÉ‹ beonahŒ” v‹W TWtjdhš, ïU«bghiw j‹eh£L k¡f£bfd¤ j‹ eh£il ÉÇîgL¤âdbd‹Wm¿ayh«. ï›ntªj‹ ngh®nt£if Ä¡F ehS« ngh®òÇtâY«, mj‹ thÆyhf tªJ bjhF« bghUis¥ghotUnth®¡F tiuahJ tH§FtâY« áwªjt‹ :“ghLe®, bfhs¡ bfhs¡ Fiwah¢ bršt” K«, “br‰nwh®,bfhy¡bfhy¡ Fiwah¤ jhid” í« cilat‹; fËW«njU« òiltu, jhid kwt® giljh§»tu, ït‹ ngh®¡F¢bršY« bryî, gifntªj®¡F ï‹dh jhÆD«, eLÃ‹Wfh©ngh®¡F ïÅa fh£áah« v‹gh®, “bfhšfËWÄilªj gšnjh‰ bwhGâbahL, beLªnj® beL§bfhomÉ®tu¥ bghÈªJ, bryîbgÇJ ïÅJ Ã‰ fhQ


nkh®¡nf” vd¥ òfœªJ ghL»‹wh®; ehS« nghnu ÉU«ò«mt‹ cŸs¤âš, mUS« mwK« e‹F ÃyÉ m¥ ngh®nt£ifia¢ á¿J kh‰Wjš nt©Lbkd xUfhš bgU§F‹ù®»Hh® ÉU«ãdh®; mjdhš mt‹ j§»ÆUªjghriw¡F¢ br‹W, “ntW òy¤âW¤j btšngh u©zš”vd vL¤njhâ, mt‹ beŠr¤âš mtid¥ ãÇªJkidíiwí« mt‹ fhjÈÆ‹ fhjš Ãidit¤njh‰WÉ¡F« fU¤âduhŒ, mtSila cUey§fisvL¤Jiu¤J, “bgUªjif¡ fk®ªj bk‹brhš âUKf¤J,khÂiH aÇit fhÂa bthUehŸ, ó©f khsÃ‹ òuÉbeLªnj®” v‹W ïa«ò»‹wh®. ï›tifahš ntªjdJngh®nt£if kh¿¡ fhjÈgh‰ brštJ bgU§ F‹ù®»HhuJfU¤ij K‰WÉ¡»‹wJ. xUfhš ï›ÉsŠnruš ïU«bghiw nrhHntªj‹ xUt‹ghš khwh¢ ád§bfh©lh‹.mjdhš j‹ jhid¤jiytiu neh¡», “clnd ÉiuªJbr‹W bghUJ nrhHid¡ if¥g‰¿¡ bfhz®ªJ v‹K‹nd ÃW¤Jf” btd¥ gÂ¤jh‹. gÂna‰W¢ br‹wnru®gil¡F Ã‰w yh‰whkš nrhH‹ gilkwt® jh«Vªâa ntiy¥ ngh®¡fs¤nj v¿ªJÉ£nlhod®; m¡fhy¤J,ïsŠnru ÈU«bghiw gÂ¤j gÂia, “x‹dh¥ ó£if¢br‹Åa® bgUkh‹, K¤ij¤ j«bkd ï£l btŸntš”v‹W«, fãybu‹D« òyt®bgUkh‹ bršt¡fL§nfhthÊ ahjid¥ gho¢ áw¥ã¤jnghJ mt‹ mt®¡FtH§»a ñ®fËD«, nrhH® gilÆ£l btŸntš gyv‹gh®, “edÉ‰ ghoa ešÈir¡ fãy‹, bg‰w CÇD«gy” v‹W« F¿¤Jiu¥gJ bgU§F‹ù®»HhuJ òyikey¤ij¢ áw¥ã¡»‹wJ. ã¿bjhUfhš, mt® ïsŠnruÈU«bghiwia Kj‰f© nfŸÉí‰wnghJ j« kd¤bjGªj fU¤J«, neÇš mtid¡ f©lnghJ vGªjfU¤J« ïitbad vL¤njhJtJ«, bghiwadJ bk‹ik¥g©ig És¡f‰F thÅah‰W Úiu vL¤J¡ fh£LtJ«, mt‹bgUts§bfh©L tUe®¡F tiuahJ tH§Fjiy¤bjÇ¤j‰F¥ “òdškÈ ngÇah‰iw” baL¤ njhJtJ«,kfË® eLt© És§F« å‰¿id, “khfŠ Rlu khÉR«


òf¡F«, PhÆW nghy És§Fâ” ba‹gJ«, mtidthœ¤J§fhš, “Ã‹dhŸ â§fŸ mida thf, â§fŸah©nlh uida thf, ah©nl CÊ aida thf ñÊ,btŸs tu«ãd thf” vd thH¤JtJ«, “


gâ‰W¥g¤J« gâf§fS«

(MáÇa® : âU. âU. âU. âU. âU. T.V. rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh®rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh®rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh®rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh®rjhát¥ g©lhu¤jh®MuhŒ¢á ÉÇîiuahs®, m©zhkiy¥

gšfiy¡fHf«, m©zhkiyef®)

m©zhkiy¥ gšfiy¡fHf¤âš jÄHhuhŒ¢á¥gFâÆš ÉÇîiuahsuhfîŸs v‹Dila mÇa e©g®,âUths® xsit R. JiurhÄ¥ãŸis xsit R. JiurhÄ¥ãŸis xsit R. JiurhÄ¥ãŸis xsit R. JiurhÄ¥ãŸis xsit R. JiurhÄ¥ãŸis mt®fŸ v£L¤bjhif üšfSŸ x‹wh»a gâ‰W¥g¤J¡F¢ áwªj ò¤Jiubah‹W vGâtªjh®fŸ. x¥g‰w r§fü‰ gÆ‰áí«E©kh© EiHòyD« xU§nf gil¤J¤ jÄHf¤âYŸsm¿P® gyuhY« ghuh£l¥bgW« mt®fsJ ngUiuia¡ifbaG¤J¥ ãuâÆš ah‹ go¡f ne®ªjnghJ, m›îiuÉiuÉš btËÆl¥bg¿‹, Äf¡ fodkhd gâ‰W¥g¤ijahtU« vËâš go¤Jz®ªJ bfhŸsyh« v‹W v©Ând‹.mj‰nf‰g, irt á¤jhªj ü‰gâ¥ò¡ fHf¤â‹ bra‰wiytU« v‹Dila e©gUkh»a âUths® t. R¥igahâUths® t. R¥igahâUths® t. R¥igahâUths® t. R¥igahâUths® t. R¥igahãŸisat®fŸãŸisat®fŸãŸisat®fŸãŸisat®fŸãŸisat®fŸ mªüiy¥ ãŸisat®fsJ ciuíl‹btËÆL« gÂia V‰W¡ bfh©L mjid Ãiwnt‰¿dh®fŸ. ïªÃiyÆš ehnlhW« v‹ndhLMuhŒ¢á¤ JiwÆš mstshÉ¡ bfh©L«, òâa òâac©ikfis MuhŒªJz®ªJ btËÆ£L¡ bfh©L« tU«v‹ e©g® âU. ãŸisat®fŸ gâ‰W¥g¤â‹ gâf§fis¥g‰¿ xU f£Liu tiuªJ jUkhW T¿dh®fŸ. mjidna‰W¡ bfh©l ah‹ moÆ‰fhQ« f£LiuiavGâíŸns‹.

r§f¤J¢ rh‹nwh® ïa‰¿íŸs bjhifüšfSŸgâ‰W¥g¤J« òweh}W« jÅ¢ áw¥òiladthF«.gâ‰W¥g¤J« òweh}W« jÅ¢ áw¥òiladthF«.gâ‰W¥g¤J« òweh}W« jÅ¢ áw¥òiladthF«.gâ‰W¥g¤J« òweh}W« jÅ¢ áw¥òiladthF«.gâ‰W¥g¤J« òweh}W« jÅ¢ áw¥òiladthF«.mit g©il¡fhy¤âš e« jÄHf¤âš ÃyÉa Koíil¤jÄœntªj®, FWÃy k‹d®, ãw jiyt®fŸ, òyt® bgU

48


k¡fŸ, ešÈir¥ òyik e§ifa® KjyhndhÇ‹ mÇatuyhWfisí« jÄHUila giHa ehfÇf ÃiyÆidí«k‰W« gy c©ikfisí« e«kndh®¡F m¿îW¤J«e«kndh®¡F m¿îW¤J«e«kndh®¡F m¿îW¤J«e«kndh®¡F m¿îW¤J«e«kndh®¡F m¿îW¤J«bgU§ fUñy§fŸbgU§ fUñy§fŸbgU§ fUñy§fŸbgU§ fUñy§fŸbgU§ fUñy§fŸ vdyh«. RU§f¢ brhšYÄl¤Jmit jÄœ eh£o‹ giHa tuyh‰W üšfŸtuyh‰W üšfŸtuyh‰W üšfŸtuyh‰W üšfŸtuyh‰W üšfŸ v‹W TWtJv›th‰whD« bghUªJ«. òw¥bghUis¥ g‰W¡ nfhlhf¡bfh©blGªj m› ÉU üšfSŸ gâ‰W¥ g¤J vd¥gLtJ,nruk‹d® gâ‹k®ÛJ ghoa xU bjhifüš;nruk‹d® gâ‹k®ÛJ ghoa xU bjhifüš;nruk‹d® gâ‹k®ÛJ ghoa xU bjhifüš;nruk‹d® gâ‹k®ÛJ ghoa xU bjhifüš;nruk‹d® gâ‹k®ÛJ ghoa xU bjhifüš; x›bthUg¤J«, g¤J¥ghlšfis¤ j‹df¤J¡ bfh©lJ. ïªüÈ‹ Kj‰g¤J« ïWâ¥ g¤J« ï¡ fhy¤âš »il¡fhikÆ‹ïjid ï‹dh® nt©l ï‹d òyt® bjhF¤jh® v‹gJbjÇaÉšiy. ïjid¤ bjhF¤jt® x›bthU g¤â‹ïWâÆY« jh« x›bthU gâf« ïa‰¿¢ nr®¤âU¤jiyneh¡F§fhš, mt® áwªj òytuhÆU¤jš nt©L« v‹gJnj‰w«. x›bthU gâf¤âY« m¥ g¤â‹ gh£Lil¤jiyt‹ ï‹d ntªj‹ v‹gJ«, mt‹ mUŠbrašfŸï‹d v‹gJ«, mtid¥ g¤J¥ghlšfËš ghoa òyt®ï‹dh® v‹gJ«, m¥ ghlšfË‹ bga®fŸ ïit v‹gJ«brhšy¥g£LŸsd. gâf¤ij¢ rh®ªj ciueil¥ gFâÆšm¥ g¤âid¥ ghoa òyt® bg‰w gÇáY«, ntªj‹,M£áòÇªj ah©o‹ bjhifí« Tw¥g£oU¡»‹wd.Mfnt, x›bthU g¤â‹ ïWâÆYŸs gâfK« ciueil¥gFâí« tuyh‰whuhŒ¢á¡F¥ bgÇJ« ga‹gL« v‹gJxUjiy. gâ‰W¥g¤âid¤ bjhF¤JjÉa òyt® bgUªjif,gâf§fisí«, ciueil¥ gFâfisí« nr®¡fhkÈUªâUªjhš ï› tÇa üÈ‹ tuyh‰¿idí« mUik bgUikfisí« ã‹DŸnsh® m¿ªJ bfhŸtJ ïayhjjhF«.

ïÅ, gâf§fË‹ mik¥ãid¥ gh®¡F§fhš mitã‰fhy¢ nrhHk‹d®fŸj« fšbt£L¡fË‹ bjhl¡f¤âš tiuªJŸs bkŒ¡Ñ®¤âfis xUthW x¤JŸsdvdyh«. fšbt£L¡fËš KjÈš bkŒ¡Ñ®¤â vGj¤fšbt£L¡fËš KjÈš bkŒ¡Ñ®¤â vGj¤fšbt£L¡fËš KjÈš bkŒ¡Ñ®¤â vGj¤fšbt£L¡fËš KjÈš bkŒ¡Ñ®¤â vGj¤fšbt£L¡fËš KjÈš bkŒ¡Ñ®¤â vGj¤bjhl§»at‹, Kjš ïuhruhr nrhH‹ Mt‹.bjhl§»at‹, Kjš ïuhruhr nrhH‹ Mt‹.bjhl§»at‹, Kjš ïuhruhr nrhH‹ Mt‹.bjhl§»at‹, Kjš ïuhruhr nrhH‹ Mt‹.bjhl§»at‹, Kjš ïuhruhr nrhH‹ Mt‹. mªÃfœ¢áí« m›ntªjdJ v£lh« M£áah©lh»a ».ã. 993ïš jh‹ KjÈš ÃfœªJŸsJ. vdnt, bkŒ¡ Ñ®¤âia¥


ã‹g‰¿¥ gâ‰W¥g¤âš gâf§fŸ mik¡f¥ bg‰¿Uªjhšmit ».ã. g¤jh« ü‰wh©o‰F¥ ãwF ïa‰w¥g£ldthjš nt©L«; Mdhš gâ‰W¥g¤âš gâf§fŸ ïWâÆYŸsd; fšbt£L¡fËš bkŒ¡Ñ®¤âfŸ bjhl¡f¤âšcŸsd. ï› ntWgh£il EQ»ahuhí Äl¤J Kjšïuhruhr nrhHD¡F¤ j‹ fšbt£L¡fËš KjÈšbkŒ¡Ñ®¤â bah‹W mik¡F« ÉU¥g¤ij í©Lg©Âait, gâ‰W¥g¤âYŸs gâf§fns v‹W fUJtj‰F ïl« csJ. mt‹ j‹ M£áÆ‹ eh‹fh« M©LKjš `fhªjq®¢rhiy fykW¤jUËa nfh ïuhrnfrÇt®k‹, v‹W j‹id¡ T¿¡bfhŸtij mt‹ fšbt£L¡fËš fhzyh«. vdnt, ».ã. 989 Kjš nrueh£o‹bjhl®ãid¡ bfh©oUªj Kjš ïuhruhr nrhH‹, nruk‹d®fË‹ åu¢brašfis¥ gâ‰W¥g¤â‹ gâf§fËšf©L, mt‰iw¥ ã‹g‰¿¤ j‹ fšbt£L¡ fËš bkŒ¡Ñ®¤â mik¤âU¤jY« TL«. ï¡ bfhŸif cWâ baŒJkhÆ‹, ».ã. g¤jh« E‰wh©o‰F K‹dnu gâf§fŸïa‰w¥ bg‰W¥ gâ‰W¥g¤J« bjhF¡f¥g£ld thjšnt©L«. gâf§fS¡F« ciu fhz¥gL»‹wik ahšmit ciuaháÇa® fhy¤â‰F K‰g£lit v‹gJâ©z«.

gâ‰W¥g¤âš ï¡fhy¤âš ek¡F¡ »il¤JŸsv£L¥ g¤J¡fË‹ gâf§fisí« Muhí§fhš, fil¢r§ffhy¤âš câa‹ kuãd®, ïU«bghiw kuãd® M»a ïUnru® FoÆd®, nru k©ly¤ij¤ jÅ¤jÅ¥ gFâfËÈUªJmurh©ld® v‹gJ e‹F òydh»‹wJ. m› ÉU kuãdU«jha¤âd® Mt®. mt®fSŸ v©knu ï¥bghGJ »il¤JŸsv£L¥ g¤J¡fË‹ gh£Lil¤ jiyt®fŸ v‹gJ czu‰ghyjhF«. m› bt©kUŸ ïkatu«g‹ beLŠnruyhj‹,gšahid¢ bršbfG F£Lt‹, fs§fhŒ¡f©Â eh®Ko¢nruš, flšãw¡ nfh£oa br§F£Lt‹, MLnfh£gh£L¢nruyhj‹ M»a ItU« câa‹ kuãd®ItU« câa‹ kuãd®ItU« câa‹ kuãd®ItU« câa‹ kuãd®ItU« câa‹ kuãd® Mt®; bršt¡fL§nfh tÊahj‹, jf^bu¿ªj bgUŠnru ÈU«bghiw,ïsŠnru ÈU«bghiw M»a _tU«_tU«_tU«_tU«_tU« ïU«bghiwïU«bghiwïU«bghiwïU«bghiwïU«bghiw


kuãd®kuãd®kuãd®kuãd®kuãd® Mt®. ïu©lh« g¤â‹ jiyt‹ ïkatu«g‹beLŠnruyhj‹ câaŠnruYila kf‹ v‹gJ gâf¤jhšm¿a¥gL»wJ. Mfnt, ïªehËš »il¡fhj Kjš g¤J,beLŠnruyhj‹ jªijah»a câaŠnruÈ‹ÛJ ghl¥g£ljhÆU¤jš nt©L«. _‹wh« g¤â‹ jiyt‹ gšahid¢bršbfGF£Lt‹ v‹ngh‹ beLŠnruyhjD¡F¤j«ãaht‹. eh‹fh« g¤â‹ jiyt‹ fs§fhŒ¡ f©Âeh®Ko¢nruš, Iªjh« g¤â‹ jiyt‹ flšãw¡ nfh£oabr§F£Lt‹, Mwh«g¤â‹ jiyt‹ MLnfh£gh£L¢nruyhj‹ M»a _tU« beLŠnruyhjDila k¡fŸMt®. vdnt, gâ‰W¥g¤JŸ Kjš MW g¤J¡fS«câaŠnruš, mt‹ òjšt® ïUt®, mt‹ ngu‹kh® _t®M»a mWt® ÛJ« ghl¥bg‰wit vdyh«.

VHh« g¤â‹ jiyt‹ bršt¡ fL§nfhthÊahj‹v‹gh‹, mªJtŠnru ÈU«bghiwÆ‹ kf‹ Mt‹.v£lh« g¤â‹ jiyt‹ jf^bu¿ªj bgUŠnruÈU«bghiw v‹gt‹, bršt¡fL§nfhÉ‹ òjšt‹ Mt‹.x‹gjh« g¤â‹ jiyt‹ ïsŠnru ÈU«bghiw v‹ngh‹,bgUŠnru ÈU«bghiwÆ‹ kf‹ Mt‹. vdnt, ïWâÆYŸs_‹W g¤J¡fS« bršt¡ fL§nfhthÊahj‹, mt‹òjšt‹, mt‹ ngu‹ M»a _t® ÛJ« ghl¥g£litahF«. ïJnghJ »il¡fhj ïWâ¥ g¤J, ahid¡f£nrŒkhªjuŠnru ÈU« bghiwÆ‹ÛJ ghl¥bg‰¿U¤jšnt©L« v‹W áy® fUJ»‹wd®. mjid xUjiyahf¤JÂj‰F ïay Éšiy. Mfnt, m~J ï‹D« MuhŒj‰FÇa bjh‹whF«.

ïÅ, m¢ nruk‹d® j«ik¥ ghoa òyt® bgUk¡f£F tH§»íŸs gÇášfis neh¡Fth«: ïkatu«g‹beLŠnruyhj‹, Fk£^®¡f©zdh®¡F c«g‰fh£ošIªüW C®fis¥ ãukjhakhf tH§»anjhL bj‹dh£LtUthíŸ áy M©LfŸ tiuÆš ghfK« mË¤jd‹.mªjz®¡F¡ bfhL¡f¥gL« ïiwÆÈ Ãy§fnsmªjz®¡F¡ bfhL¡f¥gL« ïiwÆÈ Ãy§fnsmªjz®¡F¡ bfhL¡f¥gL« ïiwÆÈ Ãy§fnsmªjz®¡F¡ bfhL¡f¥gL« ïiwÆÈ Ãy§fnsmªjz®¡F¡ bfhL¡f¥gL« ïiwÆÈ Ãy§fnsãukjha« v‹W brhšy¥gL«.ãukjha« v‹W brhšy¥gL«.ãukjha« v‹W brhšy¥gL«.ãukjha« v‹W brhšy¥gL«.ãukjha« v‹W brhšy¥gL«. mit ãuknja«


vdî«, g£l ÉU¤â vdî« K‰fhy¤âš tH§f¥g£ldv‹gJ gy fšbt£L¡fshš m¿a¡ »l¡»‹wJ.

bršt¡ fL§nfhthÊahj‹, fãy®¡F¢ áWòwkhfüwhÆu« bgh‰fhR«, e‹wh v‹D« F‹¿‹nkše‹wh v‹D« F‹¿‹nkše‹wh v‹D« F‹¿‹nkše‹wh v‹D« F‹¿‹nkše‹wh v‹D« F‹¿‹nkš V¿Ã‹W j‹ f©Â‰ f©l ehLfisí« tH§»dh‹. m›ntªjDila ngu‹ ïsŠnru ÈU«bghiwia¥ ghoabgU§F‹ù®»Hh®, `ctiy Tuh¡ ftiyÆ bdŠá‹ -edÉ‰ ghoa ešÈir¡ - fãy‹ bg‰w ñÇD« gynt’ v‹Wgâ‰W¥g¤â‹ v©g¤ijªjh« ghlÈš T¿ÆU¤jyhš,òyt® bgUkhdh»a fãy® nrueh£oš ãuknjakhf¥bg‰w ñ®fŸ gythjš bjŸËJ. xnu fhy¥ gFâÆšnrueh£oÈUªj ï› ÉU ntªj®fË‹ bgU§ bfhil¤âw« aht®¡F« ïW«ójË¡F« ïašãdjhF«.

gšahid¢ bršbfGF£Lt‹, ghiy¡ bfsjkdh®ÉU«ãathW g¤J¥ bgUntŸÉfŸ brŒÉ¤J m¥òyt®j« kidÉíl‹ É©Qyf« òf¢brŒjh‹. ï›turDila jika‹ ïkatu«g‹ beLŠnruyhjDilamU«bgw‰ òjštuh»a ïs§nfhtofŸ, jh« ghoaáy¥gâfhu¤âš `eh‹kiw ahs‹ brŒí£ bfh©L,nkÅiy íyf« ÉL¤njh dhÆD«’ v‹w mofËš ïªÃfœ¢áia¡ F¿¤âU¤jš fhzyh«. ï› ntªj‹ ïWâÆšJwî ó©L fhLnghªjd‹ v‹g®.

fs§fhŒ¡f©Â eh®Ko¢nruš, fh¥ãah‰W¡fh¥ãadh®¡F eh‰gJ üwhÆu« bgh‹D« jh‹ MStâ‰ghfK« mË¤jh‹. ït‹ j«ã MLnfh£gh£L¢nruyhj‹, fh¡ifghoÅah® e¢brŸisah®¡F mÂfyD¡fhf x‹gJ Jyh« bgh‹D« üwhÆu« bgh‰fhR«tH§»dh‹. ït®fSŸ ã‹ndh‹, nkšfl‰ fiuÆÈUªjbjh©oia¤ jiyefuhf¡ bfh©L mjid¢ Nœªj Ãy¥gu¥ig M£á òÇªjd‹ v‹W bjÇ»wJ.

flšãw¡ nfh£oa br§F£Lt‹, guz®¡F¤ j‹M£á¡F£g£l c«g‰fh£L tUthiaí« j‹ kf‹


F£Lt‹ nruiyí« bfhL¤jd‹. ït‹, j‹ òjšt‹m¥òyt® bgUkh‹ghš f‰Wtšydhjiy ÉU«ã m§‡d«mË¤jd‹ nghY«.

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ïsŠnruÈU«bghiw, bgU§F‹ù® »Hh®¡F K¥g¤ÔuhÆu« bgh‰fhR«, mt® m¿ahkš CU« kidí«tsKw mik¤J¡ bfhL¤jh‹. òweh}‰¿YŸs 210, 211M« ghlšfis EQ» Muhí§fhš, ït‹ j‹id¥ ghoabgU§F‹ù®»Hhiu¥ g‹dhŸ fh¤âU¡F«go brŒJã‹d® x‹W§bfhlhkš mD¥ãÉ£lh‹ v‹gJ«,mJg‰¿ mt® kd« tUªâ¢bršy ne®ªjJ v‹gJ« e‹FbtËah»‹wd. ïjdhš òyt® bgUkhdJ ešthœÉ‰Fnt©oad všyh« mtUila CÇš mt® m¿ahknyit¤JÉ£L¥ ãwF mtiu btW§ifÆduhf ï› ntªj‹mD¥ãÆU¤jšnt©L« v‹gJ cŒ¤Jzu¡ »l¡»‹wJ.ï›î©ik x‹gjh« g¤â‹ ïWâÆYŸs ciueil¥gFâahš cWâbaŒJjš m¿a¤j¡fJ.

ïJfhW« T¿ath‰whš, gâ‰W¥g¤â‹ gh£Lil¤jiyt®fsh»a g©il¢ nruk‹d®fË‹ tiuaht©ikí«, m‹ndh® òyt®bgUk¡fËl« fh£oangu‹ò« e‹F òydhjš fh©f.

ïÅ, nkny F¿¥ã£l nruk‹d®fË‹ brašfŸbtW« òidªJiu¢ brŒâfŸ mšy v‹gJ«, mittuyh‰W©ikfnsah« v‹gJ« nrueh£oš M§fh§F¡»il¡F« rh‹Wfshš bjŸËâ‰ òydh»‹wd. gšahid¢bršbfGF£Lt‹ j‹id¥ ghoa ghiy¡ bfsjkdh®bghU£L¥ g¤J¥ bgUntŸÉfŸ el¥ã¤J mt®¡FÉ©Qyf« mË¤j tuyhW kiyeh£oš ï¡ fhy¤J«brÉtÊ¢ brŒâfahf tH§» tU»‹wJ.


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