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International Diploma

SAMPLE RESOURCES

This RMS sample resources pack contains a selection of powerpoint slides together with a supporting lesson plan and are representative of the full set of RMS trainer materials for the NEBOSH International Diploma qualification.

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Element IA4Identifying hazards, assessing and evaluating risks

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Learning outcomes

IA4.1 Describe how to use internal and external sources of information in the identification of hazards and the assessment of risk

IA4.2 Outline a range of hazard identification techniques

IA4.3 Explain how to assess and evaluate risk and to implement a risk assessment programme

IA4.4 Explain the principles and techniques of failure tracing methodologies with the use of calculations

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Contents

IA4.1 Sources of information in the identification of hazards and the assessment of risk

IA4.2 Hazard identification techniques

IA4.3 Assessment and evaluation of risk

IA4.4 Failure tracing methodologies

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Contents

IA4.1 Sources of information in the identification of hazards and the assessment of risk

IA4.2 Hazard identification techniques

IA4.3 Assessment and evaluation of risk

IA4.4 Failure tracing methodologies

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• Hazard identification

• Observation

• Task analysis

• Checklists

• Failure tracing techniques

• Importance of worker input

Hazard identification techniques

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• Important part of the risk management process and is the first step in the determination of what needs to be managed

• UK Regulation 3 of the MHSWR 1999 places an absolute duty on the employer to make a suitable and sufficient assessment of the risks to health and safety of his employees

• The first step is to identify the hazards

Hazard identification

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• A hazard may be considered to be:

Hazard identification

Source: UK, Successful Health and Safety Management, HSG65, HSE.

“Something that has the potential to cause harm (loss)”“The potential to cause harm, including ill-health and injury, damage to property, plant, products or the environment, production losses or increased liabilities”

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Articles

• Sharp tools such as chisels

Substances and chemicals

• A strong acid would be a corrosive hazard

Plant or machines

• Electricity, movement of mobile cranes

Hazard identification

Hazards can rise from a number of workplace factors

Methods of work

• Working at height

The working environment

• Confined spaces

Other aspects of work organisation

• Shift working

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• Hazard identification can be carried out by observation of the workplace or activity and noting the hazards

• Observation methods have advantages over carrying out a ‘desktop exercise’

• Hazards could exist in practice because workers developed their own method of working, contrary to operating manuals, instructions and training

Observation

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• The UK ACOP to Regulation 3 of the MHSWR 1999 states:

Observation

“You also need to: (a) Observe the actual practice; this may differ from the

works manual, and the employees concerned or their safety representatives should be consulted and;

(b) Address what actually happens in the workplace or during the work activity”

Source: UK, Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (MHSWR) 1999.

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• A methodology used in the assessment and reduction of human error

• Two main forms: hierarchical and step analysis

• Take into account the structure of the task and the observable operator behaviour

• Highlights where there could be errors and eliminate them before they can occur

• Can be used at the design stage and when a task is already being conducted

• Also be used in accident/incident investigation

• Can assist with the identification of immediate causes of loss

Task analysis

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• Considers the overall objective of the task and how it is organised to achieve that objective

• It is a ‘top down’ approach

• At each stage the potential for error can be noted

• Breakdown of the task can help the assessor decide on the control measures needed to reduce the risk of loss

• Can then be written into a safe system of work or safe procedure

Hierarchical task analysis

Task analysis

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Hierarchical task analysis

Source: RMS.RMS SAMPLE

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• Often called ‘job safety analysis’

• Consists of a formal step-by-step review of the work to be carried out

• All aspects of the task should be considered and recorded

• Objective is to establish the hazards/risk factors and controls at each stage of the procedure

• The process can be considered by looking at the acronym SREDIM

Step task analysis

Task analysis

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S R E D I M

• Select the task to be analysed

• Reduce the task to steps

• Evaluate the risk at each of the steps by identifying the hazards

• Develop a safe system of work (SSW)

• Implement the SSW

• Monitor and review

Step task analysis

Task analysis

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Example of the application of step task analysis

Source: RMS.

Job step Risk factor Control action

Select drum. Error in selection. Check drum identification and

hazard label.

Fit eye, hand, body and foot

protection.

Splash of acid to eyes/face.

Hands, forearms, body.

Select and fit suitable personal

protective equipment (PPE) for

example, chemical goggles/visor,

protective suite, long gloves and

boots.

Loosen and remove cover from

drum discharging hole.

Acid vapour on ventilation. Ensure local ventilation operating.

Controlled release of cover.

Insert drum discharging tap in

discharging hole.

Tap is in open position when fitted

or poor seal, leading to leaks and

spills of drum contents.

Ensure tap is closed before

inserting, align carefully, and

tighten securely.

Locate horizontal drum holder. Unstable load. Ensure drum holder on level and

even floor.

Dispensing sulphuric acid from a 200 litre drum

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Example of the application of step task analysis

Source: RMS.

Job step Risk factor Control action

Position drum horizontally. Unstable load. Use mechanical aid and kinetic

technique. Drum in correct contact

with drum holder.

Place drip tray beneath drum

discharging tap.

None if discharge tap closed and

securely fitted.

Selection of tray size and careful

positioning to ensure tray will catch

drips from tap and containers

being filled.

Release cover from drum

ventilation hole.

Leakage of acid from ventilation

hole if drum has been overfilled or

contents expanded. Breathing

acid vapour released during

ventilation.

Controlled release of ventilation

cover.

Position container to receive

discharge of acid.

Unsuitable container. Acid resistant container.

Suitable opening to receive acid.

Correct identification/hazard label.

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Example of the application of step task analysis

Source: RMS.

Job step Risk factor Control action

Discharge acid. Risk of splash of acid/overfilling

container.

Full attention, regulate discharge.

Close discharge tap. Small quantity of drips may come

from tap after it is closed. Contact

with tray or container when reaching

over.

Position of feet and hands.

Clockwise direction. Allow last drips

to fall from tap into container.

Replace ventilation hole cover. Breathing acid vapour released

during ventilation. Contact with tray

or container when reaching over.

Position of feet and hands.

Clockwise direction, close securely

but not over tighten.

Check PPE for signs of acid

contamination.

Risk of acid burns when removing

PPE.

Wash off any acid contamination

with water at emergency shower.

Remove PPE to storage.

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NEBOSH International Diploma – Unit IA – International Management of Health and Safety

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Lesson Plan – Day 1 TIME ELEMENT/TOPIC CONTENT RESOURCE/TASK

09.00 Welcome Computer with DVD/Sound functionality. Flip charts, examiners reports, internet access.

Introduction Name, job, background, experience

The lesson plan has been designed to be flexible – timings are only approximations that the tutor can flex – depending on the capability of the group being tutored. The delivery sequence may not necessarily follow that of the syllabus. Activities are suggested and should be varied or adapted depending on the group experience/knowledge and available time. Reference to suitable videos, props, objects from real life used in classroom instruction and other media is made, these are suggestions only and the tutor can introduce different material as they feel appropriate.

Name cards

Ice breaker. Spilt the group into teams of three or four. Team members to interview each other and find out hobbies/ likes/dislikes etc and represent these pictorially. Team to give themselves a name and introduce their team to the wider group.

Course plan Admin arrangements

Course content

Syllabus and exam arrangements

The course will require students to undertake some research.

Complete paperwork if necessary

Programme for the day Topics to be covered Slides, Nebosh Syllabus guide.

09.30 Element IA1: Principles of health and safety management

Learning outcomes:

Explain the moral, legal and economic reasons for a health and safety management system

Outline the societal factors which influence health and safety standards and priorities

Explain the principles and content of effective health and safety, quality, environmental, and integrated management systems with reference to recognised models and standards

Outline the role and responsibilities of the health and safety practitioner

Slides / Flipchart

www.nebosh.org.uk (students downloads section).

www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/

for conventions/recommendations and access to ILO Encyclopaedia.

1.1 Reasons for managing health and safety

Moral: Slides

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NEBOSH International Diploma – Unit IA – International Management of Health and Safety

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TIME ELEMENT/TOPIC CONTENT RESOURCE/TASK concept of reasonable care

unacceptability of putting health and safety of people at risk

society’s attitude to moral obligations

accident/incident and ill-health statistics

higher-risk industries

effect of size of organisation on accident/incident rates

Activity

Optional DVD (think what if-not if only) – OR (work under pressure) available from ‘outtakes film communications) or similar DVD to discuss with students the three main reasons for maintaining and promoting health and safety.

Optional DVD: The Secret Syphon

available from ‘outtakes film communications’

Legal:

the preventive (by enforcement notices)

punitive (through criminal sanctions)

compensatory effects of law

principle of self-regulation

Questions/answers and discussion.

Economic:

costs associated with incidents and their impact on society and the organisation

insured and un-insured costs

financial benefits of positive health and safety management

10.45 Break

11.00 1.2 Societal factors which influence health and safety standards and priorities

Factors:

economic climate, government policy and initiatives

industry/business risk profile

globalisation of business

migrant workers

level of sickness absence

societal expectations of equality eg, adjustments for workers with disabilities

Slides

Questions/answers and discussion.

Principle of ‘corporate social responsibility’

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