international development 1

8/2/2019 International Development 1

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/international-development-1 1/15

SOCIAL CLUB OF PEOPLE'SEMPOWERMENT-SCOPE 1

UnderstandingInternational Development

ZAFAR [email protected]

SOCIAL CLUB OF PEOPLE’S EMPOWERMENT -SCOPE




Social Development

the Orthodox economist might define development as the achievement of economic growth and hence living standards. It is achieved by improving the use of made of a country’s

human, natural and institutional resources. The Grass national product (GNP) provides the obvious measurement of progress according to this definition, but this narrow definition offers

little to the poor




Social Development ---2

Decades of experience have shown,“economic growth does not by itself

lead to improved living standard of

majority” The Single failure of Development has

been its inability to remedy the

problem of Hunger




International Development

1974 – First Food Conference (PoliticalLeaders from all over the world)

Shaken by starvation that has plagued Ethiopiaand other African Countries

Analyse the causes of hunger and strategize theprevention steps

Conclusion asserted a commitment(Announced by Henry Kissinger), with in adecade , hunger would be abolished and no

child need to go to bed hungry at night




International Development -- 2

Official statistics reveled that, in spite of all therhetoric, the number of people who faced the dailythreat of starvation actually rose over the decade,which was to see the end of hunger

Some blame must be apportioned to the official aidagencies

Billion of dollars poured into developmentassistance (much in the form of loans rather thangrants) has failed to solve the mounting problems

of poverty This aid has often helped the elite increase their

personal fortunes or power bases.




International Development -- 3

1970s – Loans readily available fromNorthern banks

Often funded expensive “White Elephant”

Projects

These Projects have done little foreconomic growth

Contributed to the Third World’s mounting

debt burden




Economic Crises

1980 – rising interest rate and high Oil prices

Deep economic crises in third world countries

For countries dependent on export of primary

commodities, attempts to increase their foreignexchange earning have proved largely futile

The rush to increase exports has led to world glutsand plummeting prices

Natural resources of the third world countries was

used unsustainably to pay for debt




Trickle down of wealth

Popular theory had largely been discredited It being apparent that the poor rarely benefited from

economic growth unless there are governmental policesto ensure that they do

It had become evident that the, “Trickle down of poverty”

is a surprisingly efficient mechanism Rich Governments were able to on the burden to the

poorer countries

New loans and a gradual route out of debt

Several years of structural adjustments and painful

rescheduling of loans Mass protests against, “IMF austerity”



SOCIAL CLUB OF PEOPLE'S

EMPOWERMENT-SCOPE 9

New Approach

“Development” means quite simply“improving society”

Means,”enabling people to achieve their aspirations”

It has three virtues Fundamental necessity to build a model on

the foundation of democratic process Make Political choices, “which group

aspirations are to be prioritised Enabling rather than providing – by people

not to people (true development)




EMPOWERMENT-SCOPE 10

Development

Development is not a commodity to be weighed or measured by GNP statistics. It is a

process of change that enables people to take charge of their own destinies and

realize their full potential. It requires building up in the people the Confidence, skills,

assets, and freedom necessary to achieve this goal





Just Development

Is about attacking the web of forces that cause poverty

Demand that equity, democracy andsocial justice be paramountobjective along side the need foreconomic growth

Enable the weaker members of thesociety to improve their situation





Just Development ----2

Must combat exploitation andisolation

Ensure the sustainable use ofnatural resources

Combat exploitation, particularly theoppression of women

Make institution of societyaccountable to the people





Just Development ----3

Principal Assets of a Developing Country

Economic resource, such as itsinvestments, infrastructure andforeign exchange reserves

Natural Resources

Human Resources





The DEPENDS Approach

D development of infrastructure

E economic growth

P Poverty Alleviation

E equity

N natural resources base protection

D democracy

S social justice





Thank you

international development 1

Documents