international congress of plant pathology 2018 boston, 03 ... - …€¦ · aflasafe modular...
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Development Outcomes and Impact of Scaling-Up Aflatoxin Biocontrol in Africa
Ranajit Bandyopadhyay,
A. Akande, M. Konlambigue, C. Mutegi, L. Senghor, A. Ortega-Beltran, and P.J. Cotty
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) USDA-ARS
International Congress of Plant Pathology 2018Boston, 03 August 2018
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• Highly toxic metabolite produced by the ubiquitous Aspergillus flavus fungus
• The fungus resides in soil and crop debris, infects crops and produces the toxin in the field and in stores
• Contaminates food, feed and milk
• Groundnut and maize highly vulnerable
• Potent at extremely low doses
• Death, liver cancer, immune-suppression, stunted growth
• Lowers animal productivity
• Negatively impacts trade and food security
Aflatoxin Facts
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Strain Selection Criteria
In the laboratory (~5,000 strains):
• Does not produce aflatoxin
• VCG/SSR group with
• Wide geographic distribution
• No toxigenic member
• Defective in >2 aflatoxin & CPA
genes
• Outcompetes toxigenic strainsAfter field application:
• Superior capacity to colonize,
multiply and survive in soil
• Superior frequency of isolation
from grains
• Superior capacity to reduce
aflatoxin8-12 native strains
selected for field tests
4 native strains
formulated into
the final
product
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Field efficacy trials to registration in GhanaEfficacy trials
Region Treatment
Total aflatoxin concentration (ppb)
Groundnut Maize
Mean % Reduction Mean % Reduction
Ashanti Control 352 96 8 100
Treated 15 0
Brong Ahafo Control 81 99 12 100
Treated 1 0
Northern Control 199 100 238 100
Treated 0 0
Upper East Control 200 100 122 100
Treated 0 0
Upper West Control 939 100 301 98
Treated 0 6
2018
Summary of >4 years of research
200 maize, groundnut fields
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Status of the Aflasafe Initiative
Completed Being Implemented
Country
Burundi
Malawi
Mozambique
Rwanda
Tanzania
Zambia
Kenya
Uganda
Ethiopia
Develop baseline data on aflatoxin prevalence
Find native candidate atoxigenic strains
Field efficacy trials /enhance local research capacity
Gain regulatory approval / enhance capacity of local regulator
Conduct market analysis, elaborate commercialization options
Mobilization of private sector, selection of manufacturer and/or distributer partners, awareness raising
Test the market with investor, conduct large-scale demonstration and awareness raising
Work with investors to manufacture, distribute and build awareness, improve the product
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Mali
Zimbabwe
The Gambia
Ghana
Senegal
Nigeria
National Food Security Investment Plans of the Governments of Tanzania, Nigeria, Malawi, Senegal, The Gambia, and Uganda recommend the use of Aflasafe products
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This Manufacturing
Facility in IITA-
Ibadan can supply
aflasafe to treat 2
million ha annually
Large-scale: capacity 5 tons/hourProduct cost: $12 to $18.75/ha
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Aflasafe production in Ibadan
Nigeria, 774
Burkina Faso , 3
Senegal / Gambia, 298
Zambia , 18
Kenya , 226
Ghana, 21 Mozambique , 1
-
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
450.00
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
NigeriaTotal production (tons): Countries
Growth in production (tons)
Total production: 1,342 tons
Treatable area: 340,000 acres
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• Managed by the National Irrigation Board (NIB)
• Highly productive area but aflatoxin-prone
• Maize frequently rejected as >50% strains in soil are highly toxic
Maize grown under center pivot in Galana-Kulaku, which is a part of 1 million acre Jubilee Food Security project of the Kenyan Govt.
• The entire crop of 3,500 acres treated with aflasafe
• 99% grain lots had <4 ppb aflatoxins
• Sufficient maize harvested to feed 492,000 people for 1 month in drought-stricken counties
Aflasafe KE01 in the Aflasafe factory in IITA-Nigeria ready for shipment to Kenya
Maize crop being treated with Aflasafe KE01 in Galana
Kenya food security project
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Efficacy of Aflasafe KE01 in NIB
100
100
0
0
0
39
50
50
39
25
0 20 40 60 80 100
<4
<10
>10
>50
>100 Control Aflasafe
Afl
ato
xin
(p
pb
)
Samples (%)*
Mean (ppb) 77.7 0.8
Min (ppb) 0.9 0.3
Max (ppb) 580.5 1.8
*Number of samples: 36 for control and 18 for aflasafe treated
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Efficacy of Aflasafe KE01 in NIB
Quality Control Lab Production April 2018 Finished product
Aflasafe Modular Manufacturing Plant at KALRO-Katumani, Kenya
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Policy changes?
Visit of Agriculture Cabinet Secretary and Permanent Secretary on 4 June 2018
Daily Nation5 June 2018
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AgResults Pilot
The Nigeria AflasafeTM Pilot focuses on incentivizing the adoption of AflasafeTM, by smallholder maize farmers.
AgResults is a USD $118 million multilateral initiative using pull mechanisms to
incentivize and reward high-impact agricultural innovations that promote global
food security, health, and nutrition and benefit smallholder farmers.
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Map Showing all Yr.1 –Yr.3 AgResults Implementers Location in Nigeria
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Key statistics five years
4
9
16
2420
y = 4.7x + 0.5R² = 0.8393
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Number of implementers
1,015 3,271
6,279
13,372
25,591 y = 557.49e0.7863x
R² = 0.9857
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Number of farmers
1,457 4,998 6,601
20,128
29,918 y = 726.03e0.8155x
R² = 0.95
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Treated area (ha)
2,031 7,220 9,368
39,212
73,320 y = 871.5e0.9142x
R² = 0.94
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Maize aggregated for sale (tons)
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The economic impact is dramatic for implementers. The market has responded to high quality maize and implementers are paid
a premium for their maize
$67
$302
$503
$1,590
y = 29.2e1.0011x
R² = 0.9681
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2013 2014 2015 2016
DO
LLA
RS
(T
HO
US
AN
DS
)
TOTAL EXTRA EARNINGS
Economic impact of aflatoxin management
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Parameters 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16
Samples with <4 ppb AF (%) 99% 93% 95%
Samples with <10 ppb AF (%) 99% 96% 98%
samples with < 20 ppb AF (%) 99% 98% 99%
Samples with >70% aflasafe strains 85% 81% 97%
Average sale price over market rate 13% 17% 15%
Return on Investment (ROI) 210% 489% 542%
Aflasafe maize aggregated for sale 61% 42% 60%
Aflasafe maize sold in open market - 38% 15%
Aflasafe maize kept for family 39% 20% 25%
Smallholder farmers have safer crops, improved income and better health
Benefits for Smallholder
Farmers
Grain lots meet
international
standards
Farmers earn
higher incomeBetter
health
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Technology Transfer and Commercialization
(2016 – 2020)
With support from
• Registration of Aflasafe products for use in additional countries
New Aflasafe products
• Develop, validate country-specific commercialization strategies
• Develop partnerships with specific government and private entities interested in manufacturing and distributing Aflasafe
• Develop and execute technology transfer agreements
• Provide technical support, monitor product quality control and usage by farmers
Availability and accessibility of Aflasafe
• Develop demand for aflatoxin-safe products at the end market to stimulate uptake of the Aflasafe technology by farmers
Markets for aflatoxin-safe products
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Case of Senegal
> $450,000 spent on Aflasafe
procurement by SODETIFEX
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• About $800,000 investment
• Machinery ordered• Production will start
in 2018• Projected use:
• 2018 - 20K ha• 2022 - >160K ha
Case of Senegal
Signing of TTLA
Assigned manufacturing site
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From the Business Planning to the signing of TTLA
Signing of TTLA between IITA and HarvestField
Submission of
Business plan
Selection of the
MD partner
Years Sale target (tons) Crop area (ha)
2018 1,350 135,000
2019 3,660 366,000
2020 5,225 522,500
2021 5,750 575,000
2022 7,185 718,500
Targets to meet as per Tech Transfer and Licensing Agreement (TTLA)
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Summary
• Biological control with other practices can
dramatically reduce aflatoxin
contamination and improve food safety
and security
• Farmer income and health can improve
with adoption of biocontrol-centric
aflatoxin management
• Efforts are underway to scale up
sustainable models to transfer and
commercialize aflatoxin biocontrol in Africa
• Biocontrol included in the national
investment plans of six countries to
promote adoption
Summary