PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

ON COMPUTERMETHODSAND ADVANCES IN GEOMECHANICS

TUCSON/ARIZONA/USA/7 - 12 JANUARY 2001

Computer Methods andAdvances in Geomechanics

Editedby

Chandra S.Desai, Tribikram Kundu, Satya Harpalani, Dinshaw Contractor& John KemenyThe University ofArizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA

VOLUME 2

8 Laboratory and field testing, parameter determination; 9 Dynamics, earthquake analysis,liquefaction; 10 Soil/Rock-structure interaction; 11 Ground improvement and geosynthetics;12 Petroleumgeomechanics, hydraulicfracturing, geological simulation; 13 Pavement geomechanics;14 Foundations, footings, piles; 15 Slopes, dams, walls, landslides 16 Tunnels, underground works,

mining; 17 Flow, seepage, consolidation; 18 Education.

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A.A.BALKEMA/ROTTERDAM/BROOKHELD/2001

ComputerMethodsandAdvances in Geomechanics, Desalet al. (eds)© 2001 Bakema, Rotterdam, ISBN905809183X

Table of contents

8 Laboratory andfield testing, parameter determination

On uniqueness of identification of rockmass mechanical parameters using inverse 889

displacement back analysis*X.-T.Feng, ZZhang & T.Li

Study on the Osterberg-cell procedure for pile testing 893

F.MAbdrabbo, R.M.El-Hansy & T,M.Abdel-Aziz

A numerical model for the analysis of the Piezocone Penetration Test 899M.Y.Abu-Farsakh & MT.Tumay

Numerical optimization search techniques for die determination ofcreep parameters 905

of salt rocks

AJ.Campos de Orellana

In-situ rock stressmeasurement by biaxial and hydrofracture test 909

J. Chaubey

Back analysis on mechanical behavior ofjoints, using a new method based on virtual 915

work principleD.Deng & D.Nguyen Minh

Study on the mechanism ofKaiser effect on the uniaxial compression testofrock 921

Y.X.Fan,D.LZhang & Q.S.Chen

Shear characteristics ofcoarse sand 925

H.Ghiassian

Effect of interface friction on Nc value for plate-penetrometer 931

Y.Hu, P.G.Watson & M.F.Randolph

Model discrimination for the dissipation test 937

Elmre

Non-linear finite element analysis ofcalibration chamber plate load tests for sands 941

J.-H.Lee&R.Salgado

Numerical modeling of strains induced by suction changes in acompacted soil 947

AH.P.Lins, LM.Costa & J.M.Sobreira

* Theme papers

DISO -A computer program for interpreting of in-situ stress measurement by overcoring 951M.Lu

Effects ofend platen roughness on the creep behaviour of clays 957G.Manivannan, CT.Gnanendran & S.-C.R.Lo

A new in-situ direct shear testing method for sands and clays 963H.Matsuoka & S.H.Liu

Clay-steel pile interface inspection using cylindrical guided waves 967W.B.Na, T.Kundu & Y.S.Ryu

Parameter calibration ofstrain hardening/softening of sand from direct shear tests 971ANobahar, R. Popescu & I. Konuk

Evaluation of progressive failure in soils using industrial X-ray CT scanner 977J.Otani, T.Mukunoki & Y.Obara

Determination ofplate-loading modulus Ep from E50 of unconfined compression test 981J.N.Shen & KOnitsuka

Elasto-plastic finite element analysis of direct shear test on sand 985T.Tanaka, T.Abe & D.Watanahe

Finite element simulation for dynamic centrifuge test of a simple slope 989AWakai, K. Ugai & M. Sato

A real-time X-ray CT detecting of density damage increment of rock under compression 993condition

W.Ding, Y.Wu, Y.Pu & Q.Liao

Measuring soil deformation in geotechnical models using digital images and PIV analysis 997DJ.White, W.ATake & M.D.Bolton

The experimental study on swelling properties of swelling rock 1003Q.Yang, J.Jiao & M.Luan

9 Dynamics, earthquake analysis, liquefaction

Practical problems in the seismic analysis ofbridge pile foundations* 1011W.D.LFinn & T.Thavaraj

Nonlinear dynamic analysis ofpile foundation: Effect of plasticity of soil* 1019B.K.Maheshwari, KZTruman & P.LGould

A cyclic viscoelastic-viscoplastic model for clay and its application to liquefaction 1025analysis of ground*F.Oka, T.Kodaka & Y.-S.Kim

Lateral seismic soil pressure - An updated approach* 1033F.Ostadan & I.Arango

Prediction ofreservoir-induced earthquakes by ANN's* 1039M.P.Romo&S.R.Garcia

VI

Evaluation ofa few countermeasures for seismic failure of embankment* 1045K.Suzuki, K.Ogata, N.Mishima & N. Ohbo

Coupled optimization and finite element dynamic analysis of geotechnical problems* 1051S.Valliappan, AHakam & N. Khalili

Spectral analysis ofwave propagation in a continuously non-homogeneous soil layer 1059

R.Al-Khoury, AScarpas & J.Blaauwendraad

Nonlinear analyses of the earthquake behavior of a single pile founded on liquefiable sand 1065

AAnandarajah

Wave-induced pore pressure in an anisotropic seabed in the vicinity of a composite caisson 1071breakwater

D.HCha&D.SJeng

Numerical simulation of liquefaction-induced lateral spreading 1075A Elgamal & ZYang

Nonlinear site response simulations at Port Island during me 1995 Kobe earthquake 1081

EFoerster, HModaressi, LChoppin deJanvry

Designing shallow tunnel linings under seismic effects 1087N.Fotieva, A Sammal, N. Bulychev, J. V.Lemos, AVieira &L.R.Sousa

CIP based liquefaction-induced lateral spreading analysis 1093

SHadush, S.Moriguchi,AYashima, KSawada & R.Uzuoka

Effects offacing details on the seismic behavior ofsegmental walls 10995.Helwany & D. McCallen

Wave-induced oscillatory soil response: Difference between quasi-static and dynamic 1103

solutions

D,SJeng &M.S. Rahman

Evaluation of seismic slope stability using anon-linear soil behavior 1107

F.Ldpez-Caballero & AModaressi

An effective stress based liquefaction analysis based on finite deformation theory 1113

F.Oka, T.Kodaka, T.Koizumi & SSunami

Effects ofa cover layer on the seabed response around a submarine pipeline 1117

P.F.Postma&D.SJeng

Modal approaches for the estimation of seismic wave amplification 1121

/. F.Semblat &AM.Duval

Cycle-wise equivalent linear analysis for ground liquefaction 1125

T.Shiomi, Y.Nukui, KHijikata, T.Tsuchida, K.Koyama, F.Yagishita & H.Yoshida

Lateral boundary conditions in dynamic analysis under huge earthquake excitation 1131F.Yi & W.Sun

Dynamic effective stress analysis for earthquake subsidence ofpile foundations 1141

HYu, W.Ye, Y.Tang&ZChen

VII

3-D liquefaction analysis of reclaimed ground with tank and foundation 1145F.Zhang, AYashima & R. Uzuoka

Seismic analysis of subway station surrounded by soft soils in Shanghai 1151

J.Zhou,Y.Chi& P.Dong

10 Soil/Rock-structure interaction

Analysis and design of rock-support interaction in underground excavations* 1159CALauro &ARAssis

Numerical analysis of the interaction between groups ofpiles 1167F.M.Abdrabbo & U.S.El Shamy

Differential settlement by soil-pile-mat interaction analysis 1173

K.H.Chang, MJ.Wu, M.Nakhjiri & ED.Loesch

Laboratory testing for study on the interaction between granular column and surrounding soil 1177

W.Huang, G.Li &K.Ugai

A method for three-dimensional non-linear analysis of pile-soil interaction system in time 1181domain

S. Ben Jamaa & H. Shiojiri

The ultimate pullout capacity of anchors in frictional soils 1187

R.S.Merifield, S.W.Sloan, AJ.Abbo & H.S.Yu

Interaction between slope and sleeved pile groups 1193

C.W,W.Ng,LM.Zhang &K.K.S.Ho

Numerical analysis ofdeformations during construction of a wharf built using sheet 1197

pile mooringsS. Ohmaki, K. Saeki, S. Shikata &. S.Baba

3D finite element analysis of rigid pipe interaction with clay 1203R. Popescu & I.Konuk

Scale effect of a shallow anchor in sand masses of different densities 1209

T.Sakai, T.Sano & T.Tanaka

An analytical study to estimate horizontal displacement of piled raft subjected to lateral load 1213

T.Tsurhiya&K.Kida

Soil sttucture interaction analysis transmission line tower foundation 1217AVaraaarajan & AGhosh

11 Ground improvement and geosynthetics

Review of numerical modeling of geosynthetic reinforced soil walls* 1223RJ.Bathurst & KHatami

Numerical simulation of a geosynthetic-reinfbreed soil wall 1233K. E. El-Hoseiny & C. S. Desai

VIII

Application ofpolyethylene strip reinforced soils in geotechnical engineering 1241P.Kuklik&M.Sejnoha

The application ofnumerical analysis to innovative design of geosynthetic reinforced soil 1245walls

S.-C.R.L0

Finite element analysis ofembankments supported on geocell layer 1251

KRajagopal, G.MadhaviLatha, N.R. Krishnaswamy

Pulloutresistance of cut/ splayed grid reinforcement in MSE walls 1255N.C. Samtani &M.L Pegnam

Failure modes ofsoil reinforcements 1259

M.Touahmia, Y.Djerbib & IJefferson

Consolidation theory for soft clays reinforced by cement or granular columns 1263K.H.Xie,RGao&XY.Xie

Finite element analysis ofsoil reinforced segmental retaining walls in a tiered arrangement 1269C.Yoo&l-S.Kim

12 Petroleum geomechanics, hydraulicfracturing, geological simulation

Propagation regimes of fluid-driven fractures in impermeable rocks* 1277EDetournay

Localisation ofdeformation in hollow cylinders based on gradient elastoplasticity*

1289

A.Zervos, P.Papanastasiou & I.Vardoulakis

Local rock expansion in non-homogeneous productive gas/oil fields 1295

D.BaU, M.Ferronato, G.Gambolati & P.Teatini

Effect ofintermediate principal stress on strength and deformation around wellbores in shales 1301

X.Chen,GP.Tan &B.Wu

Computer modeling of subsidence and reservoir compaction underfield-wide water injection 1305

operationsLY.Chin &N.B.Nagel

Buckle folding of elastic strata 1309

F.SJeng, CY.Lu&N.GChang

A numerical method for simulating large displacements ofjointed rocks under groundwater 1313

pressure

GLi

Simulation of the stochastic response of offshore platform to wave forces 1319

M.Mashnad &M.M.Masud

Modeling borehole stresses in anisotropic stress fields in non-linear rocks 1325

PANawrocki, SMogilevskaya, M.B,Dusseault & R.KBratli

Stress-release damage modeling 1331

EPapamichos

IX

Elliptical shape perforations: An engineering application based on micro-mechanical 1337

modellingP. Papanastasiou

An improved pseudo-3D hydraulic fracturing simulator for multiple layered materials 1341

ESiebrits, H.Gu &J.Desroches

A heterogeneous fracture propagation model for a 3-D hydraulic fracturing simulator 1347

KYamamoto, T.Shimamoto, SMaezumi, SSukemura &N.Uryu

13 Pavement geomechanics

Interface strength of thin bonded overlay on rigid pavements*M.Zaman & ZHossain

Modelling ofballast behaviour in railway track

D.Aubry, A Baroni, D. Clouteau, A Fodil &A Modaressi

Asphaltconcrete response evaluation: Analytical and experimental aspectsS. M,J.G.Erkens, A Scarpas tJAAA Molenaar

Cyclic plasticity characterization of unbound pavement materialsC.W. Schwartz &AY.Y.Yau

Implementation ofa nonlinear resilient modulus constitutive model for unbound pavementmaterials

CW.Schwartz

A technique for reducing settlement difference of road on soft clay5. L Shen & N. Miura

Analysis ofpiled-pavement systemSCWong & EG. Poulos

14 Foundations, footings, piles

Variational approach for the analysis of pile groups and piled raft foundations* 1403Y. K.Chow, W.Y. Shen & K.Y.Yong

Bearing capacity ofspatially random c-0 soils* 1411GAFenton & D.V.Griffiths

Applications of the lower and upper bound theorems of plasticity to collapse of circular 1417foundations*CM.Martin & M.F.Randolph

Bearing capacity offoundations by finite element methods 1429G.A Bonner

Multiphase model for die 2D and 3D numerical analysis ofpile foundations 1435E. Bourgeois, J.-ESemblat, D.Garnier & B.Sudret

Finite element analysis ofjacket structures with bucket foundations 1441M.F.Branshy

x

1355

1369

1373

1379

1385

1391

1395

3D FE analysis on the behavior of laterally loaded rigidpiles installed nearby a slope 1447ofcohesionless soils

K.S. Chae, K. Ugai &A Wakai

Direct wave equation analysis on vertically loaded raft-pile 1451D.W.Chang&C.H.Wen

Geotechnical and structural design of shallow foundations via the Internet 1457

AM.Ghaly

Bending ofrectangular rafts subjected to patch loading on an elastic half space 1463

Y.CHow, Y.KChow & C.M.Wang

Axially loaded pile in agroup 1467

J.Kos

Assessment of the load transfer method for multi-layered soil profiles 1473

K.Lin, M.F.Randolph & CW.Cho

Effects of spatial variability of soil properties on bearing capacity 1479ANobahar & R.Popescu

Geometrically non-linear 3-D finite element analysis of a single pile 1485V.A Sawant & D. M. Dewaikar

Analysis of piled raft foundations 1489

J.C.Small, H.H.Zhang & AL.deAmbrosis

Pitfalls in wave equation analysis ofpile capacity 1495M.R.Svinkin

Lateral loads on piles and piers 1501

K.M.Vennalaganti, SN.Endley & KSreerama

Interaction analysis of intact and defective piles 1507K.J.Xu &H.G.Poulos

Simplified method for retaining piles considering effects ofring beam 1511Y.Gao

Extended Mindlin solution and its application to piles 1515

ZAi,M.Yang&J.Pei

15 Slopes, dams, walls, landslides

An overview on 25 years of numerical modeling of test embankments and tunnels* 1521PhMestat

3D FE analysis on slurry trench stability and active earth pressure* 1527P.Oblozinsky, KUgai, M.Katagiri, K.Saitoh, T.Ishii, STomita &K.Kuwabara

Progressive failure ofcut slope in anisotropic ground 1531

T.Adachi, F.Oka, H.Kobayashi, S.Kimoto & F.Zhang

Seismic lateral earth pressure of cohesive backfill with inclined surface 1537

AR. Boghrat & M. H.Ganjali

XI

Modeling the effectiveness of groundwater-lowering remediation measures in the Alani-Paty 1543landslide area, Oahu, HawaiiH.G.Brandes&C.SL.Tsui

Numerical comparison of stability of a slope stabilized with anchors 1549

F.Cai&KUgai

Numerical analysis of the unloading relaxation effect of rock masses during slope excavation 1553S.H.Chen&J.Hu

Engineering characteristics and slope stability of sedimentary rock on weathering grade 1557M.Choi, GHeo, I.Lee & S.Oh

Numerical analysis and centrifugal modeling of the stability of a natural slope 1563J.Du&LZhang

Effects ofstress path and strength changes on the stability of slopes 1567CT.Gnanendran, S.-C.R.Lo &P.Rattana-Ananta

Suction variation and infiltration characteristics on slope of highly heterogeneous soils 1573LT.Huat, F.H.AU & SMariappan

Modeling of sandy ground for the stability analysis of slurry trench 1579T.Ishii, M.Katagiri, K.Saitoh, STomita, KKuwabara & K.Ugai

Stability analysis of circular and square excavations 1583AV.Lyamin & S.W. Sloan

Integration of Geographic Information System with groundwater models for landslide hazard 1589assessment

MMasetti& SSimone

Elasto-plastic finite element analysis ofretaining wall with passive mode rotated about 1595the bottom - Infinitesimal deformation analysis and finite deformation analysisH.Mori & T.Tanaka

Slope stability analysis taking into account pre-existing slip lines 1601S.Ohtsuka& Y.Miyata

Method for overloading capacity of clam 1605CShe

Post-seismic displacement of slopes by energy methods 1611CAStamatopoulos & EG.Velgaki

Stability charts for cut slope in unsaturated residual soils 1615R.Subramaniam &F.HAU

Sheet pile extraction analysis by pinball algorithm and excavation method 1619T.Tanaka, KMatsushima & Y.Mohri

A stability analysis ofmasonry walls by discrete finite element method (DFEM) 1625N.Tokashiki, d.Aydan, Y.Shimizu &I.H.RMamaghani

Creep behavior and modeling of the slow-moving Alani-Paty landslide, Oahu, Hawaii 1629C.S. L. Tsui, H.G Brandes & D.D.Nakayama

XII

3-D adaptive FEM in rock slope stability analysis 1635H.X.Xia&S.H.Chen

The improved load-distribution method of arch dam considering the interaction between 1641foundation and dam exactlyM.Y.Xu&S.H.Chen

Numerical analysis to earth pressure of retaining walls 1645

M.Zhang &M.Cui

Numerical simulations for dam constructions 1649

T.Zimmerrnann, SCommend,ATruty & J.-L. Sarf

16 Tunnels, underground works, mining

Application ofcomputer metiiods on tunnelling projects in Korea* 1657l.M.Lee

Numerical modeling ofdeep tunnels including time-dependent behavior 1663EBoidy, F.Pellet & M.Boulon

Evaluation ofreinforced concrete for an underground pressure tunnel 1669W.Chen, W.Zhu&S.Li

Numerical modelling of complex slope movements at Savage River Mine, Tasmania 1673M.ACoulthard, K.J. Dugan & B.J.Hutchison

LAMODEL -A boundary element program for coal mine design 1679KAHeasley & ZAgioutantis

Influence of geometrical distribution of rockjoints on deforrnational behaviorofunderground 1683

openingY.Jiang, J.Xiao & Y.Tanabashi

Analysis ofcreep and progressive failure for tunnel in soft rock 1687

P.Jongpradist & H.Horii

Bored tunnels in soft soil - Fundamentals through three-dimensional numerical applications 1691

WLLeendertse, P.SJovanovic & C.B.M.Blom

Some problems encountered in numerical analysis of tunnel support 1695M.Lu

Numerical simulation ofcavity expansion of blast borehole with cylindrical charge 1701W.Lu

Application ofcomputational and statistical techniques to an evaluation ofmobile roof 1705

supportsH. Maleki & J.Owens

Contribution ofreinforced shotcrete lining on controlling tunnel failure 1713

AMoussa

XIII

Numerical study on mechanical and hydraulic behavior ofconcrete plug in underground 1719cavern

B.-K.Park, H.-K.Lee & SJeon

Modeling coal seam damage in cast blasting 1725

D. S. Preece &SH. Chung

Three-dimensional finite element modelling ofcompensation grouting 1731GWisser, C.EAugarde & H.J.Burd

Tunnel stability assessment based on constitutive modeling 1737M.Zaki & G.Swoboda

Technological opportunities for managing the highwall stability in opencast mines 1743

P.Zlatanov, G.Trapov &P.Stoeva

17 Flow, seepage, consolidation

Numerical modeling of a grouting treatment* 1747ACividini

Coup led ground-water processes in porous fractured media* 1755G. Schmid & B.Rosen

On some recent developments in poroelasticity* 1761A.P.S.Selvadurai

Conceptual model for finite element analysis of artificial recharge 1771

MJJohnson, SLHouston & W.N.Houston

Field and theoretical study on the settlement ofsoils with geometric and material nonlinearity 1775undershort term increasing loadsAM. Kassem & AAEl-Maghraby

Stochastic modelling ofregional groundwater flow in karstic areas 1781

G.Klubertanz, O.Jaquet, P.Siegel dkHBenabderrahmane

A one-dimensional model ofEPS fill on soft soils 1787

C.J.Leo & Y.Zou

An efficient solution of one-dimensional consolidation oflayered soft soils with time effects 1791C.J.Leo &K.H.Xie

Modeling and parameter estimation of non-linear flow through rockfill structures 1795

T.Morii, KShimada & T.Tateishi

An estimation offlow channels in a natural rock using fractal offractures 1801

S.Nakaya, HKondoh, M.Nishikuni & M.Nishigaki

Conventional finite element analysis and infinite element techniques in unbounded seepage 1805

analysisG.Pokharel &Y.Honjo

XIV

A model for the erosion of fine particles due to groundwater pumping and induced surface 1809settlements

D. Sterpi

Numerical analysis of fluid flow in naturally fractured media 1815K.Xia, M.Zaman & M.Bai

Viscous elastic plastic consolidation model and finite element analysis for softfoundation 1823XChen, SBai & CYang

A study on the overburden pressure in layered soils considering sedimentation 1827K.H.Xie, AF.Hu & CJ.Leo

3D FEM coupling analysis ofseepage and stress field in deep excavation 1831Y. Ping, SBai &S.Zheng

Planar-channel coupled model for fluid flow in discrete fracture network 1835Q.Yu, Y.Ohnishi, H.Ohtsu & SNishiyama

18 Education

Enhancing geomechanics education using modern communications technologies* 1841M.Budhu

An undergraduate experience in subsurface exploration and data interpretation 1849E. C. Drumm &N.R.Rainwater

Thoughts on the future of geotechnical and geosynthetics education 1853D.J. Elton & J.J. Bowders Jr

Teaching mechanics to freshman 1859CD.Pionke, R.M. Bennett & J.R.Parsons

A geomechanics-based educational software environment 1863

T.R.Wyatt,EJ. Macari& J.D.Frost

Author index 1869

XV