international charter: space and major disasters...international charter ‘space and major...
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International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
International Charter: Space and Major Disasters
Dr. N K Shrivastava
Former Charter Executive Secretariat Member
Dy. Director, ISTRAC/ISRO (Retd.)
Bangalore, India
UNESCAP Training Workshop
Kathmandu Nepal
30-31 Oct 2017
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
• Limitations of ground-based systems for immediate & precise assessment of the disasters.
• Space based Disaster Management System (DMS) provides precise, unbiased, synoptic and timely information on the nature and impact of the disaster affected areas - extent of damage.
Space System for Disaster Management
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
FLOOD
MAP
DROUGHT
MAP
DAMAGE
MAP
HAZARD
ZONES
RISK
MAP
Space for
Observation and
Connectivity
Leading to Decision and Action
Observation for Information and
Knowledge
Disaster Warning, Vulnerability
Assessment, Emergency Communications, ...
DMS - Space enabled Products & Services
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
Need for International Co-operation
No single space agency can provide imaging capability to meet
the spatial and temporal requirements of different types of
disasters.
Important Parameters for Disaster Imaging:
▪ Turn - Around-Time
▪ Resolution
▪ Coverage
▪ Specific Imaging Sensors
(Different space sensors (Thermal, Microwave, Optical) required for Different
Disasters (Fire, Floods, EQ).
Hence the need for a Global System for disaster management, supported by multi-satellite and multi-imagingcapabilities
This led to setting up of ’International Charter: Space and Major Disasters’
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
World’s first coordinated multi-satellite operational Setup
for emergency response
Introduced at Space Assembly (UNISPACE III) in 1999
ESA & CNES and later Joined by CSA
Operational from Nov 1, 2000
Currently 16 Global Agencies are members
Satellite imagery provided at no cost to the user
Over 17 years, the Charter has had a large fleet of satellites,
tools & techniques developed to help support end-to-end
needs of disaster managers.
About the Charter
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
Purpose
An International Agreement among Space Agencies
to support with space-based data and information
for relief efforts in the emergencies caused by major
Disasters, on Humanitarian ground at no cost.
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
The Charter scope:
Immediate Response only
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
Charter Members
CSACanada
NOAAUSGSUSA
CONAEArgentina
CNESFrance
Europe ESAEUMETSAT
ISROIndia
JAXAJapanCNSA
China
KARIKorea
ROSCOSMOSRussia
INPEBrasil
UKSA/DMCUK
DLRGermany
ABAEVenezuela
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
The International Charter executes priority tasking of
different EO missions in a rapid fashion; it is designed to
address major disasters caused by:
Natural events Man-made events
Floods Oil spills
Earthquakes Industrial
Accidents
Forest Fires
Landslides
Tsunamis
Ocean storms
Volcanic eruptions
Disasters Types Supported
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
Authorized Users (AU) Globally
Typically civil protection agencies, governmental relief organizations,
or other authorities with a mandate related to disaster management
Countries with Authorized Users(April 2016). Today 58 AUsfrom 50 countries and the European Commission (EC).
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
MEMBER AGENCY MISSION PLANNING
DISASTER
ESA
CNES
CSA
USGS
NOAA
UKSA/DMC
JAXA
CNSA
CONAE
ISRO
DLR
INPE
KARI
EUMETSAT
ROSCOSMOSAUTHORIZED USER (AU)
ON-DUTY OPERATOR (ODO)
EMERGENCY ON-CALL OFFICER (ECO)
VALUE-ADDED
PROVIDER (VAP)
PROJECT MANAGER (PM)
END USER (EU)
Charter Operational Loop
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
Activation Distribution
(520+ in 120+ Countries)
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’ As of April 8, 2016 – 486 Charter Activations
Activations by Disaster Type
Earthquake11%
Landslide4%
Volcano6%
Oil spill3%
Others2%
Fire6%
Flood/Ocean wave51%
Ice/Snow hazard1%
Storm/Hurricane16%
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
1
11
1518
21
25 25
45
40 40
51
32
4038
4138
36
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
November 2000 to December 2016: 517 Charter Activations
Number of Activations
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
As of December 21, 2016 – 517 Charter Activations
2000-2016 Distribution
of Activations by Hazard Type
*Includes solid earth related phenomenon of a tsunami.
**Includes all wind type storms (hurricane, cyclone, typhoon and tornado).
0
5
10
15
20
25
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Earthquake
Landslide
Volcano
Oil spill
Others
Fire
Flood/Oceanwave*Ice/Snowhazard
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
Mechanisms to Activate the Charter
• Direct activation: ‘Authorized Users’ (AUs), all member space agencies and
Countries approved by Charter Board, these are typically civil protection
agencies, governmental relief organizations, or other authorities with a
mandate related to disaster management.
• Activation via an Authorized User on behalf of a user from another
country without AU: Authorized Users can access the Charter to request
support for a disaster in another country with which they cooperate for relief
purposes.
• Activation via the UN for UN users: The Charter has an agreement with UN
OOSA (Vienna) and UNITAR/UNOSAT (Geneva) to provide support to UN
agencies, may submit requests on behalf of users from the United Nations.
• Activation for Asia Pacific users via Sentinel Asia: Sentinel Asia is a
regional collaboration for satellite based emergency response in Asia Pacific.
Since 2009 the Charter has granted the Asian Disaster Reduction Centre the
right to submit activation requests on behalf of national users of Sentinel Asia.
West Bengal Floods – 2017Satellite based Study
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
• During the last week of July 2017
heavy rains were reported in several
parts of Burdwan, Murshidabad,
Hugli, West Medinipur, East
Medinipur, Birbhum and Howrah
districts in West Bengal. It has been
also reported that the most affected
areas include Ghatal in West
Medinipur, Pursura, Arambagh and
Khanakool in Hugli and Amta and
Udaynarayanpur in Howrah.
• The second wave of flood in the
north Bengal happened due the
heavy rainfall which happed during
the 3rd week of August. The
maximum flood inundation was
observed during the 17-18 of
August.
Flood Events In West Bengal during July and August 2017
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
Satellite image indicates the
recession of flood inundation as
on 1-Aug-2017
About 17% of
Udaynarayanpur block
and 28% of Amta-1 block
were inundated
South Bengal FloodsSatellite Observations
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
Flood Map
North Bengal
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
Land Use / Land Cover
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
Floods in Bangladesh –Aug 2017
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
Floods in Bangladesh –Aug 2017
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
Floods in Bangladesh –Aug 2017
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
Floods in Sri Lanka –May 2017
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
Floods in Sri Lanka –May 2017
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
Earthquake in Nepal –April 2015
Requestor: China National Committee for
Disaster Reduction on behalf of disaster
emergency management agency in China.
End User: MHA & ICIMOD (Nepal), NDRF &
MHA (India), DFID (UK), COGIC (France), THW
(Germany), EMERCOM (Russia), NGA and
USGS (USA)
Description of the Event: A 7.8 magnitude
earthquake struck Nepal at 11:56 (local time) on
25 April 2015. The devastating earthquake has
killed over eight thousand people in Nepal, and
more than 70 in neighbouring India. The
earthquake has been described as the worst
disaster to affect Nepal in 80 years and the latest
reports list a total of 7566 casualties, with twice
that number injured. More than eight million
people are affected by the earthquake.
Data: Pleiades, Resurs-P, RADARSAT-2,
TerraSAR-X, Landsat-8, RapidEye, Worldview1,
Worldview2, GeoEye-1, Sentinel-1, GF1, ISS,
RADARSAT-2, DMCii, CARTOSAT-1,
CARTOSAT-2, RISAT-1, Resourcesat-2, LISS-3,
LISS-4, AWIFS, ALOS-2, KOMPSAT-2,
KOMPSAT-3, VRSS-1, ASTER and Theos-1.
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
South Asia Satellite
➢ Launched on 5th May 2017 by India
➢ Coverage over Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan,
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives and India
➢ Applications: Broadcasting and telecommunication
applications in member countries
• Emergency Communication during disaster • Television/Direct-
to-Home channels • VSAT services • e-governance & banking •
cellular backhaul • Tele-medicine & Tele-education • Secured
Hotline • Applications of common interest etc..
International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’
Conclusion
➢Charter is an Excellent Collaboration among space agencies and private
entrepreneurs to make space based resources available for planning,
monitoring & assessment of disaster relief operations.
➢ It has Improved its Resources over the years: new Space Agencies joining
as Charter partners, new satellites have been progressively integrated into
the ‘Charter constellation (16 Space Agencies)
➢ The Charter provides a «one-stop shop» for civil protection and emergency
organizations at No Cost
➢ The Charter deals with the Immediate Response Phase only
➢ It is growing: 520+ disasters covered since 2000 in over 120+ countries
worldwide.
➢ The Charter is now opening its doors even wider with Universal Access, and
is available to National Disaster Mangement Agencies to benefit non-member
countries.
International CharterSpace and Major Disasters
www.disasterscharter.org
Thank You!
Emergency enquiries from users requiring direct access to Charter resourcesshould be addressed to:
General requests for informationshould be addressed to: