Internal Quality Assurance Applied by

Asian UniversitiesAssociate Professor Tan Kay Chuan

Director, Office of Quality Management

Drivers of Internal Quality Assurance

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International Quality Standards

Output

(5) Management Responsibility-

(8) Measurement,Analysis, Improvement

(7) Product Realization-

(6) Resource Management-

CUSTOMER

CUSTOMER

REQUIREMENTS

SATISFACTIONProduct

(4)Continual improvement Quality Management

System (QMS)

Input

Source: http://www.iso.org, IWA 2:2007 - Quality Management Systems - Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001:2000 in education

ISO 9001:2008 is the standard that provides a set of standardized requirements for a quality management system

International Quality StandardsIWA 2:2007 - Quality Management Systems - Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001:2000 in education

Principles Description

Process approach Identify the degree to which each operational process creates learner value

Customer focus Enablers like technology, skill, expertise and culture that lead to the creation of learner value

System approach Each operational process to achieve its objectives from an administrative standpoint

Leadership Establishes vision, creates policy and leads the organization in responding to changes in the environment

Factual approach Decisions based on facts and not on convenient speculation

Supplier relationship Collaboration with partners to obtain optimal wisdom, skill and creativity to achieve learner value

Involvement of people Maximizes the use of its people competence, wisdom, skill and creativity

Continuous improvement Improvement in learning process and learner’s personal learning to create values

Regional Quality Standards

ASEAN University Network

Source: AUN QA Network

Regional Quality Standards

ASEAN University Network

Source: AUN QA Network

Institutional QA Model

Stakeholder Satisfaction

Quality Assurance and (Inter)national Benchmarking

ACHIEVEMENTS

EducationalActivities

Research

CommunityService

Policy Plan

Management

HumanResources

Funding

Mission

Goals

Aims

Regional Quality Standards

ASEAN University Network

Source: AUN QA Network

IQA System Model

Internal Quality Assurance

Follow up

Student Progress

Pass RateDrop-out Rate

Feedback from the Labour Market

and Alumni

Research Performance

Student Evaluation

Course and CurriculumEvaluation

Research Evaluation

ServiceEvaluation

AssuranceStudent

Assessments

Assurance Quality

Staff

QualityAssurance Facilities

QualityAssurance

Student Support

SWOT Analysis

Inter-CollegialAudits

InformationSystem

QualityHandbook

MonitoringInstruments

EvaluationInstruments

Special QA Processes

Specific QAInstruments

Regional Quality Standards

ASEAN University Network

Source: AUN QA Network

QA at Programme Level (Original)

Regional Quality Standards

ASEAN University Network

Source: AUN QA Network

Stakeholders Satisfaction

Quality Assurance and (Inter)national benchmarking

ProgrammeSpecification

Programme Structure &

Content

StudentAssessment

Academic Staff Quality

Support Staff Quality

Student Quality

Facilities & Infrastructure

Quality Assurance of Teaching & Learning

StakeholdersFeedback

Pass Rates Drop Out Rates

Employability

Expected

Learning

Outcomes

Achievements

Teaching & Learning Strategy

Student Advice & Support

StaffDevelopment

Activities

GraduationTime

Research

QA at Programme Level (Revised)

Regional Quality Standards

ASEAN University Network

Source: AUN QA Network

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Country QA Body/Agency Qualification FrameworkBrunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam National

Accreditation Council (BDNAC)Brunei National Qualifications Framework (BNQF, in Progress)

Cambodia Accreditation Committee of Cambodia (ACC)

Nil

China Ministry of Education NilHong Kong the Hong Kong Council for

Accreditation of Academic and Vocational Qualifications (HKCAAVQ)

The Hong Kong Qualifications Framework

India The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC)

National Qualification Framework in Technical Vocational Education and Training

Indonesia National Accreditation Board for Higher Education

BAN-PT

Japan Japan University Accreditation Association

JUAA University Standards

National Quality Standards

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Country QA Body/Agency Qualification FrameworkLao PDR Quality Assurance Centre, Department of

Higher Education, Ministry of EducationNil

Malaysia Malaysian Qualifications Agency MalaysianQualificationsFramework

Myanmar Nil NilPhilippines CHED, PAASCU Philippine National

Qualifications Framework

Singapore Higher Education Quality Assurance Section, Ministry of Education

Quality Assurance Framework of Universities

Thailand Commision on Higher Education Office for National Educatioin, Standard & Assessment

National Qualification Framework

Vietnam General Department for Education Testing and Accreditation (GDETA), Ministry of Education and Training

Nil

National Quality Standards

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Professional Bodies

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Internal Quality Assurance in General

Stakeholders’ Requirements

Stakeholders’ Satisfaction

Input Process Output

• Students • Curricula• Faculty staff• Non-faculty staff• Facilities & Infrastructure• Teaching resources

• Teaching & Learning • Staff development• Student support & evaluation• Research• Administration

• Skilled and employable graduates • Research publications & output• Contribution to community

Characteristics of QA in Asia

• Most countries have established QA bodies• Uneven development in national capacity• Core standards and criteria are quite similar• QA framework varies: institution, programme,

or both• Applicable to public or private universities or

both

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QA Challenges in Asia

• Different phases of Asian QA development and maturity

• Harmonization of Asian QA standards• Recognition of Asian QA standards

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Closing the Quality Gap

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Source: AUN QA Network

Harmonization of Asian QA Standards

• ASEAN University Network – Quality Assurance (AUN - QA), established in 1998

• Asia-Pacific Quality Network (APQN), established in 2005

• ASEAN Quality Assurance Network (AQAN), established in 2008

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Chiba Principle, 2008• To provide guidance to higher education providers and QA

agencies in enhancing QA policies and practices

Chiba Principle Quality Framework• Internal Quality Assurance: key principles guiding

institutions in assuring their own institutional quality• Quality Assurance Agencies: principles guiding the QA

agencies and their management• Quality Assurance Assessment: guiding principle for the

assessment of institution and programmes by the institution themselves or the QA agency

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Ton Vroeijenstijn, 2009, “Quality Assurance in Asian and European Higher Education – Opportunities for Inter- and Intra- Regional Cooperation”

Harmonization of Asian QA Standards

QA Collaboration Beyond Asia

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