Internal Combustion V-8 EngineInternal Combustion V-8 Engine

Team #3Team #3

Marco MendozaMarco Mendoza

Carlos DiazCarlos Diaz

Kevin TevisKevin Tevis

John HarrisonJohn Harrison

Wilfredo RodriguezWilfredo Rodriguez

Bill VanFossenBill VanFossen

Otto cycleOtto cycle

Adiabatic 4 step Adiabatic 4 step processprocess

IntakeIntake – piston moves downward, creating a vacuum which – piston moves downward, creating a vacuum which forces the air fuel mixture into the cylinder.forces the air fuel mixture into the cylinder.CompressionCompression – Piston reaches bottom dead center and – Piston reaches bottom dead center and the intake valve closes. Piston begins to move to top dead the intake valve closes. Piston begins to move to top dead center.center.PowerPower – piston reaches top dead center and spark plug – piston reaches top dead center and spark plug ignites air fuel mixture causing a combustion which forces ignites air fuel mixture causing a combustion which forces piston back down.piston back down.ExhaustExhaust – piston reaches bottom dead center, exhaust – piston reaches bottom dead center, exhaust valve opens, piston moves back to top dead center, forcing valve opens, piston moves back to top dead center, forcing exhaust out of cylinder. exhaust out of cylinder.

V-8 Internal combustion engineV-8 Internal combustion engine

CarburetedCarbureted Eight cylinders Eight cylinders 16 valve push rod16 valve push rod Piston orientation 90 degree apartPiston orientation 90 degree apart Hemispherical combustion chamberHemispherical combustion chamber Single over head cam design (SOHC)Single over head cam design (SOHC)

Advantages of V8Advantages of V8

Increased Horsepower due Increased Horsepower due to 8 combustion chambers.to 8 combustion chambers.

Increased torque due to Increased torque due to longer strokelonger stroke

Power conservation: Push Power conservation: Push rod driven engines do not rod driven engines do not deplete power as in the deplete power as in the belt driven designs.belt driven designs.

Less complex (SOHC Less complex (SOHC design)design)

High packing efficiency High packing efficiency compared to inline enginecompared to inline engine

Carburetor not as fuel Carburetor not as fuel efficient as fuel injectorsefficient as fuel injectors

HeavyHeavy In comparison to other In comparison to other

valve trains, push rods are valve trains, push rods are not as efficient.not as efficient.

More emissionsMore emissions

Disadvantages of V8

Cylinder Block assemblyCylinder Block assembly

Typically cast from iron Typically cast from iron or aluminumor aluminum

Encases crankshaft, Encases crankshaft, connecting rods, connecting rods, pistons.pistons.

Main structural Main structural component of engine, component of engine, responsible for driving responsible for driving flywheel and other flywheel and other components of vehicle. components of vehicle.

CrankshaftCrankshaft Comprised of eight Comprised of eight

counterweightscounterweights Converts vertical motion of Converts vertical motion of

pistons to circular motion pistons to circular motion of shaft, which drives the of shaft, which drives the flywheel and eventually the flywheel and eventually the wheels of the vehicle.wheels of the vehicle.

Attached to the Flywheel Attached to the Flywheel and the timing gearand the timing gear

Connecting rod is fixed to Connecting rod is fixed to the crankshaft by the main the crankshaft by the main bearing cap.bearing cap.

Cylinder headCylinder head

Encases the camshaft, valves, pushrods, and rocker Encases the camshaft, valves, pushrods, and rocker assembly.assembly.

Connected to the intake and exhaust manifold.Connected to the intake and exhaust manifold. Typically cast from iron or aluminumTypically cast from iron or aluminum Together with the head gasket, a seal is formed that allows Together with the head gasket, a seal is formed that allows

for high compressionfor high compression

Valve trainValve train

Composed of valves, Composed of valves, camshaft, rocker arms, camshaft, rocker arms, rocker shafts, rocker shafts, pushrods.pushrods.

Allows engine to Allows engine to “breath” when in sync “breath” when in sync with crankshaft rotation with crankshaft rotation (responsible for all (responsible for all strokes).strokes).

ChallengesChallenges

Timing and firing orderTiming and firing order 32 valve/rocker/cam connections32 valve/rocker/cam connections Complex cylinder head designComplex cylinder head design Manufactured pieces inconsistent with model Manufactured pieces inconsistent with model

(pieces didn’t fit together) (pieces didn’t fit together) Cheap plastic modelCheap plastic model Dimensions difficult to measureDimensions difficult to measure Model design inconsistent with actual V8 engine Model design inconsistent with actual V8 engine

design.design.

Working Assembly: Working Assembly:

Possible ImprovementsPossible Improvements

Spring-less valve trains:Spring-less valve trains: Friction losses and spring Friction losses and spring forces can reduce engine output forces can reduce engine output up to 25%; possible solutions up to 25%; possible solutions are solenoids and desmodromic are solenoids and desmodromic valves.valves.

Fuel Injection system:Fuel Injection system: Produces more power than Produces more power than carbureted engine. Also results carbureted engine. Also results in better fuel efficiency and less in better fuel efficiency and less emissions.emissions.