internal assessment. requirements undertake a partial replication of and report on one simple...

Internal Assessment

Requirements• Undertake a partial replication of and report on

one simple experiment

• Use descriptive statistics only

• Produce a written report of between 1000 and 1500 words that must consist of:

• Present results systematically

•Title page•Abstract•Introduction*•Method: *

•design, participants, material, procedures

•Results*•Discussion*•References

•Appendices

• Time allocation: 15 hours

* Included in word count

General Presentation

• Report must be word processed

• Must be within the word limits: 1000 – 1500. The sections included in the word count: introduction, method, results, discussion

• Pages should be numbered consecutively with the introduction being page 1

• Refer to the people taking part in the experiment as “the participants”

• TITLE PAGE

•Candidate name & number •Subject &

level•Word Count•Date, month & year of submission

•Summary of aims

• ABSTRACT

•Summary of methods •Summary of results•Conclusion

•Title

•Aim

• INTRODUCTION

•Identification and explanation of study being replicated

•Design: type & justification of design, controls, ethical considerations, identification of variables (dependent & independent

• METHOD

•Participants: characteristics of target population, sampling techniques (describe)•Materials: list of materials used, reference to copies in appendices•Procedures: itemized in sufficient detail to allow full replication

General Presentation continued

•Interpretation of descriptive statistics

• RESULTS

•Graphs/tables where appropriate (may be computer generated)

•Discussion of results

• DISCUSSION

•Linking of results to study being replicated

•Works cited within the report• REFERENCES

General Presentation continued

•Supplementary information

• APPENDICES

•One copy of instrument(s) used

•Identification of strengths and limitations of methodology•Suggestions for modification and further research

•Copy of standardized instructions and debriefing notes

• WORDS•1000 - 1500

• MARKS•20

I/A Experiment Suggestions

• Stroop Effect (Stroop; Dyer)

• Interference on Recall• Person perceptions (Asch; Anderson &

Barrios)• Music and memory• Time of day and recall• Is performance impeded by

noise?• Visual search (Neisser; Jonides & Gleitman)• Perceptual set• Eye-witness reports (Loftus & Palmer; Loftus &

Zanni)• Social facilitation• Memory & serial position curve

Interactive Stroop Effect Experiment

The famous “Stroop Effect” is named after James Ridley Stroop who discovered this strange phenomenon in the 1930s. Here is your job: name the colors of the following words. Do NOT read the words...rather, say the color of the words. For example, for the word BLUE, you should say "RED". Say

the colors as fast as you can.

Interference on Recall

Giraffe zebra gazelleantelope bison cheetah

rattle snake black widow rhesuscrocodile hyena gorilla

water buffalo dingo scorpion

Study the following words:Study the following words:


Write down as many words from the list as you can

recall


Orange elm birchredwood oak juniper

Palm sequoia pistachioalmond lime willow

Walnut crape myrtle hemlock




recall

Person perception

• Read the following personality traits and determine, on a scale of 1-10 the person’s

• (1) trustworthiness, (2) likeability, & (3) warmth

Armando:OutgoingOrderlySocial Angry

pessimisticshady

Agrees with nuclear testing

Charlie:IntrovertedDisorderly pessimisticDry-witted

socialSoft-hearted

Disagrees with nuclear testing

Those hearing positive traits first might rate the person more favorably on a ten-point scale

Music and Memory

euphoric stealth unanimousintegrity chocolate green

hat flag handCanada Edward vampire

Toot cereal pen


Music & Memory


recall

Music and Memory

sign mouse sundirt Bruce bionic

automobile red stilettoflyswatter bookshelf

tulipstripes taupe printing


Music & Memory


recall

Time of Day and Recall

• Memory recall tests given at different times of the day– Morning– Before lunch– After lunch– Afternoon– Evening

Is performance impeded by noise?

• Subjects have a task to perform with & without noise.ie. 1st: Give multiplication table test to silence

2nd: Give multiplication table with recording of construction work in the background.

Visual Search

YZYZYZZYYZYZYZYZXYZYYZYZYYZYZYZYYZXYYXYYYYXYZYYXYZYZYZYZYZYZZYYZYZYYZYZYYXYYZYYZZYZYZYZYYZZYYZYZZYZYZ

Find the “X”s

Find the “S”s

RPRPRPPPRRPPPPSPPRPPRPPPRPPPRPPRPSPPRPPRPRPRPPSPRPPRPPRPRPRPSPRPPRPRPRPPRPRPRPSPRPPPRPRRPRPPRPRRPRPSPRPPPRPPSR

It will take longer to find the “x”s than the “s”s

Perceptual Set

• Solving lists of anagrams is easier if all the words belong to a category (e.g. animals) than if they are random.

eter cei hocsol arihc dariorepap chtaree rusiec

gnso

hpleneat gerit refertbirabt

nilo tarorp kelrhsoe

Eye witness reports

• Watch the following video clip

• Answer the following questions:1. What color are the balloons?2. What color is the female victim’s

hair?3. What toy starts the domino effect?4. What is the name of the killer?5. What does the ball knock over?6. What color is hat is the male victim

wearing?7. What comment is made by the

observers?

Social facilitation

• Do people tend to perform better when in groups than when on their own?– Subjects can be given tasks

(e.g. word searches, math worksheets) in groups & individually to test this theory

Memory & serial position

• Study the following list of words

milk eggs chocolatepork chops

baconKool-aid cheese bananaslettuce catsup mustard lunch

meatcoffee bread hamburger

toilet papertea artichoke applesauce

dressingcorn pasta tomato sauce

oilParmesan rice chicken bread

crumbs

Serial position: primacy & recency effect show that you are more likely to remember the first and last items on a list.

Title Page• Title• Candidate name and

number• Subject and level• Date, month and year of

submission• Word count

An experiment to investigate how memory

can be distorted by a distraction

Kayla Rodriguez06000000

Franklin High SchoolPsychology Standard Level

March 4, 2005Word count: 1,406

ABSTRACT

• Summary of aims• Summary of methods• Summary of results• Conclusion

Allows the reader to understand quickly what the researcher expected, how the study

was carried out, the results and the conclusion drawn.

ABSTRACT - Examples

Th

INTRODUCTIONThe Introduction section should be about 400 – 500 words and include background

theory and research which logically leads into the aim of your study.

• Identify the particular aspect of the discipline of psychology in which your study took place.

o Start with a brief statement about the nature of this area

o “Over the years the concept of beauty has changed. Technology, along with the media’s fervent desire to advertise “beautiful” people has distorted our concept of what true beauty is. This is why an experiment on attractiveness is so interesting.”

o Include a definition, if meaningful

o “…the mind creates a false memory that is similar to the actual one to trigger other parts. This can also be called memory illusions.”

o “Memory is the retention of learning or experience.”

INTRODUCTION cont’d•Introduce the aspect of the larger area to which the study was relevant

o “We constantly read in our daily lives. Would this suggest that the sight of words in a scene are processed quicker than the scene itself?”

o “This experiment was performed to see what extent beauty is taken into consideration when someone is considered attractive and how a person’s personality outweighed their attractiveness.”

o “There is evidence that memories are not accurate records of our experiences.”

•Talk about the particular topic that your study addressed

INTRODUCTION cont’d

•Review the background material relevant to your study

oThis is NOT an exhaustive list of all the research available, only two or three studies which are directly related to your research question.

o “An experiment conducted by Barber, McKenzie and Helme (1997) explained how the human brain responds differently to classical music than it does to rock style music.”

o “On the other hand, the McFarland and Kennison study (2004) assumes that the right hemisphere of the brain processes the music…”

oThese studies will be referred to again in the Discussion section


•Outline the precise problem you chose to investigate and describe the way you went about investigating it.

o Briefly state the problem you chose to investigate

o“These experiments are designed to ask the participants to search for a specific object among different objects known as distracters and respond as quickly as possible. Whether or not the specific object is present in the visual field, these types of experiments are designed to test the participants’ attention.”

o Give clear justification as to why this topic is important to study

o Give your reader the general idea of how you went about doing your study.


• Outline the results predicted by your research hypothesis.

o Clarify WHY and HOW your study tests this

o “The results showed that the participants’ performance and quickness in finding the green circle in the easy visual search was more efficient and quicker than compared to the hard visual search. Difficult and elaborate distracters did thereby hinder participants’ perform.”

• State your aim

o “The aim of these experiments is to find out how well participants’ attention is drawn to a specific object and how fast they can locate that object.”

o “The aim of our experiment is to test the automatization of people through the usage of stroop effect cards.”


• Summary of the key theories and research studies. This must include proper references, for example, Zajenc (1965). MUST CITE ONE REFERENCE

• A general introduction to the psychological subject area under investigation

Introduction order:

• A rationale and justification for the study• Aim

I/A Introduction criteria

Markband 2• Aim of the study is clearly stated• Study being replicated is clearly identified

and explained


•Score• •0 There is no introduction or it is irrelevant• •1 The aim of the student’s study is imprecise, or the

study being replicated is identified but not explained.• •2 The aim of the student’s study is clearly stated and

the study being replicated is clearly identified and explained.

•


• Standard Level Example 1

o2 The aim is clearly stated and the study being partially replicated is identified and

explained.


o1 The aim is clearly and properly stated. The study being replicated is identified, but not explained beyond a basic description.

o1 The aim has been stated and the study being replicated has been mentioned, although very briefly and poorly explained.


INTRODUCTION - EXAMPLES

Most people are very advanced in reading words. Often our ability to read is thoughtless. For most, it takes effort not to read. With this reading proficiency we have developed an ability to read a name quicker than identifying what it is we are looking at or for. In some cases reading the words can actually interfere with our identification of the information we are actually seeking.Ridley Stroop did the first study on interfering word stimuli in 1932 with his studies on the effects of interfering word stimuli on naming color words…..Aim: to investigate if interfering word stimuli have an affect on the time it takes for subjects to name given ink colors.

In the past, high school students did not have too many things to worry about, or have as much homework as high school students today. There are many more distractions and it is becoming harder and harder to concentrate and to be able to memorize information. Some students find that if they have music in the background they are able to work and memorize information successfully, while other students find it more difficult to do these things. Frequently it depends on the type of music that is being played and its volume. An experiment conducted by Barber, McKenzie, and Helme (1997) explained how the human brain responds differently to classical music than it does to rock style music….On the other hand, the McFarland and Kennison study assumes that the right hemisphere of the brain processes the music……this contradicts the experiment by Barber, McKenzie and Helme(1997)…Aim: To determine the effectiveness of music type on the student’s memorization skills.

METHOD

• Design

- Included in word count

This section is where you will describe how your study was designed and carried out. This is the only section that should be subdivided

into four parts, each with a label.

• State experimental method (simple experiment)

Precision and clarity are necessary as this is where you demonstrate your understanding of the quantitative research

methodology topics.

• Identify and justification type of design

• Independent and dependent variables clearly identified

• Identify and explain any controls used (monitoring participant response)

• Address ethical considerations (consent, debrief, confidentiality, voluntary)

I/A Design criteria Markband 2• Independent and dependent variables accurately

identified• Design is appropriate and justified• Evidence that psychology course ethical guidelines are

followed

METHOD – included in the word count

The method section should be about 300 - 400 words and must be subdivided into four parts: design, participants, materials, procedures.

This section requires thoroughness of your description in each of the sub-sections.

Anyone should be able to replicate your study EXACTLY by reading through this part of your report.

This section is where you will describe how your study was designed and carried out. This is the only section that should be subdivided

into four parts, each with a label.

Precision and clarity are necessary as this is where you demonstrate your understanding of the quantitative research

methodology topics.

METHOD cont’d

• Design (One of the briefer sections)

o State which type of design was used and, more importantly, WHY it was used.

o “A Between-subjects design and a Double-blind technique were used in this experiment.. ….the Between-subjects design was used so that the participants were randomly placed the group using the double-blind technique. “

o “In this experiment, the researcher used within-subject design to see if different types of music would have an effect on a person’s memory. It was logical to use within-subject design because the word lists were different so the participants could not cheat and there were no sequencing effects because the two lists were different and randomly put together.”

METHOD cont’d

o Discuss ethical considerations taken into accounto “Before the experiment began, the researcher asked the participants to sign a consent form. The researcher also let the participants know that it was confidential and they have the right to withdraw.”

o State what the independent variable was – operational definitiono “The independent variable in this experiment was the music play while participants worked.””

• Design cont’d

o State what the dependent variable was – operational definitiono “DV: the participant’s speed estimate”

o Describe all controls that were usedo “…a double-blind technique was used so that neither the researchers nor the participants knew who was receiving the questionnaire that used either the verb “hit,” “smashed,” or “collided.”

o“ …in order to control the confounding variable, the research could have selected all the participants with similar IQs to do the experiment. “

o “IV: the verb used”

o “The dependent variable was how well participants can memorize to different types of music.”

METHOD CONT’D• Participants

• Sample size (15 – 20 participants)• Characteristics of population sample

(number of participants, age, gender, even some variables)• Selection and allocation procedures identified and justified (If not sampling randomly, must be clearly justified)

I/A Participants criteria Markband 2• Characteristics of the target population are

identified• Sample is selected using an appropriate method• Method of selection is justified

METHOD cont’d

o State number of participants in each condition/groupo “There were overall 31 participants in both the sessions”

o State the age range

o “They were aged between 14 and 15 years of age.”

• Participants

o Include the number of each gender o “ These were 15 males and females out of …”

o Give an idea of the population from which the sample was takeno …out of 180 students in year 9 in IB at Franklin High School, Stockton, California, USA.”

o “All the participants were between the ages of sixteen and seventeen.”

o “ There were fifteen females and sixteen males.”

o The classroom where the participants were picked was from an available sample.”o “The participants were students from Franklin High School.”

METHOD cont’d• Participants cont’d

o State method used in selection – be honest! o The participants were selected by availability.”

o If applicable, in the experiment, discuss how participants were allocated to groups

o “The same participants were in both sessions because the researcher wanted to compare the results of the same groups.”

o “The participants were selected because they were the only available subjects.”o “The classroom where the participants were picked was from an available sample; choosing random numbers to pick the names of 15 students.”:

o “Participants were placed in groups using random selection.”

METHOD CONT’D

• Materials

• List of materials developed for experiment• Basic materials such as tables, chairs, paper,

pencils, need not be listed

• With reference to a sample copy to be included in the appendix as applicable

• The full text of, for example, standardized instructions, informed consent and debriefing notes should be included in the appendix

METHOD cont’d

o Can be in the form of a listo “Video – Sentenced for Life (see appendix II)

Questionnaires (see Appendix III)”

o List what is used, not how it is used

• Materials

o Do not include references to pens, pencils, chairs or tables, etc.

o State that a sample of the materials is included in the appendix

oRush CDoBeethoven CDoList of the 25 state capitals (appendix I)oConsent form (appendix III)

o “Data table (see appendix 9)16 black and white photos (see appendix 4-20)”

METHOD cont’d• Materials cont’d

o Include mention of standardized instructions – full description in appendix

o “Instructions (appendix IV)”

o Include mention of debriefing notes as well – full description in appendixo Debriefing notes (appendix VI)

METHOD CONT’D• Procedure

• Carefully and accurately describe how the experiment was carried out• In chronological order beginning with the

development of materials• Must provide enough detail so another

researcher could replicate the experiment.

I/A Procedure criteria Markband 2• Procedure is relevant• Procedure is clearly described• Procedure is easily replicable

• Must include reference to any ethical issues that were addressed• For example, when debriefing was carried

out

METHOD cont’d

o Do not discuss the strategy, but rather HOW you did your studyo “The first step was to collect eight black & white photographs of dark-haired white males, and eight black …….were obtained from the Internet…..were taken two at at time….”

o Written in chronological order, clear and conciseo “The first step was typing out a certain…..Then using the same set of words…Two sets should be…Next, create a consent form….When approaching participants…clearly describe to the participant what the instructions…After…ask participants…Record….repeat….”

• Procedure

o Must include enough information to allow thorough and complete replication.

o State whether you ran your study in groups or individually

o“ Participants were called in twos…..then they were called back one at at time….”

METHOD cont’d• Procedure cont’d

o Address the issue of standardization

o “All participants were given the same instructions and the same materials to perform the experiment.”.”

o Mention the process of debriefing

o “Participants were then debriefed.”

o “After the experiment was finished, the researcher debriefed the participants and explained that the results would be made available to them at a later date.”

METHOD cont’d• Standard Level Example 1 - Design

0 The variables are correctly identified and the method is appropriate. The experimental design has not been identified but more importantly, ethical guidelines have not been followed. This study uses children as participants yet there is no indication that parental informed consent was obtained. Additionally, there was no debriefing and deception was used without justification.

• Standard Level Example 1 – Participants

1 The characteristics of the participants were discussed and the sampling procedure was mentioned but not justifi3ed


2 The variables are identified and design is appropriate and justified. Ethical guidelines have been followed and controls identified.


2 The characteristics of the target population have been identified and random selection was used.


1 The variables are identified and design is appropriate, although it has not been justified. Fairly strong coverage of ethical guidelines.


2 The characteristics and selection procedure used have been identified and are appropriate


0 The variables are correctly identified and the method is appropriate. The experimental design has not been identified but more importantly, ethical guidelines have not been followed. This study uses children as participants yet there is no indication that parental informed consent was obtained. Additionally, there was no debriefing and deception was used without justification.


1 The characteristics of the participants were discussed and the sampling procedure was mentioned but not justifi3ed

1 The method is clearly stated but it is difficult to replicate because there are no specific references to stimulus items and standardized instructions are not included in the appendices

• Standard Level Example 1 - Procedure


2 The variables are identified and design is appropriate and justified. Ethical guidelines have been followed and controls identified.


2 The characteristics of the target population have been identified and random selection was used.

2 Clearly described and easily replicable, with suitable examples in appendices



1 The variables are identified and design is appropriate, although it has not been justified. Fairly strong coverage of ethical guidelines.


2 The characteristics and selection procedure used have been identified and are appropriate

1 The procedure is relevant to the aim of the study, but it I vague and would not be easy to replicate.


RESULTS - Included in word count

This section includes numerical and graphical reporting of the data collected.

The reader should be able to understand the results by reading only the text or by looking only at the graph

Data should be reported in a way that reflects claims made in the aim• For example, if the aim predicts that one group will

perform better on a task than the other group, then the results and graph should show how each group performed

RESULTS

In the first part you give a written account of the summarized data you collected using descriptive statistics.

•Do NOT include raw data (i.e. each participant’s scores) – these go in the appendix

•Use descriptive statistics to summarize central tendency and dispersion if applicable.

•Use text to communicate your data along with numerical reference.

•The use of tables or graphs with no written support is unacceptable.

•Graphs must agree with written account of information and enhance understanding and support of your text.

•Graphs may be computer processed.

The result section is basically divided into two parts.

In the second, you use graphs to enhance reader understanding.

RESULTS - Continued• Results stated in narrative form• Results stated in graphical

form• Use of descriptive statistics required• Ideally you will measure both the central

tendency and dispersion as appropriate• Raw data NOT included here (but

MUST be in the appendix• Graphs and tables may be

drawn using a computer• One or two graphs sufficient• Graphs must accurately reflect the data in

relation to the prediction of the aim• Do NOT include graphs showing each individual

participant’s scoreI/A Results criteria Markband 3-4• Results are clearly stated• Results are accurate• Graphs are accurate and clear

RESULTS cont’d• Standard Level Example 1 - Results

Results are stated and reflect the aim of the research. An appropriate measure of central tendency is presented but not a measure of dispersion. The graphical presentation does not clearly address the aim.

• Standard Level Example 2 - Results

Results are stated and accurate. A measure of central tendency is presented and related to the aim. Verbal account of results for the second part of the research is accurate.

Measures of central tendency are presented. No justification is given for the choice of measures. Graphical and table presentation is clear and accurate. Measures of dispersion are not presented. Some verbal account is provided but it is not very informative.

• Standard Level Example 3 - Results

2

2

3

DISCUSSION This section allows you to interpret your own results in

the light of previous research

• Any relevant modifications and areas of further investigation

• The results of the current study and its relation to the studies cited in the introduction

• The strengths and limitations of the methodology used

You must relate your findings to theories or studies referred to in the introduction.

No new studies or citations should be introduced

The purpose is to discuss the following:

• An informed conclusion

- Included in word count (500 – 600 words)

DISCUSSION - Continued

Analyze and evaluate your own methodology

• Modifications that would remedy any limitations should be included

• Discuss any flaws or limitations that may have affected the outcome of the experiment

• Identify possible confounding variables

A brief conclusion which summarizes the results of the experiment should be

presented

• Any unusual results or related topics that may be interesting experimentally should be noted, for example further studies

DISCUSSION• Standard Level Example 1 - Discussion

Theory is mentioned although not as precisely and thoroughly as needed. Not all of the strengths and weaknesses have been addressed. A major omission is the role that order effects may have played in the study.

• Standard Level Example 2 - Discussion

The discussion does attempt to relate the findings back to the study being replicated, but it is not fully developed. There are strengths and weaknesses identified, but some other highly relevant ones have not been addressed

There is very superficial reference to the study being replicated. Some appropriate weaknesses have been identified, although more appropriate ones were not discussed. A question for further investigation has been posed, although it is not clearly explained.

• Standard Level Example 3 - Discussion

4

4

2

REFERENCES

In this section, you must include a complete set of references to the related works

cited in the study.

American Psychological Association (APA) format should be used

References• Absolutely vital!• Give details of all studies cited in

Introduction & Discussion

• Include all information which is too bulky for main text

• Examples of materials used

Appendices

• Debriefing instructions• Numerical raw data• Statistical calculations• Consent form materials used• Do NOT include completed copies

of materials• Number consecutively with lower case

Roman numerals

APPENDICESIn this section you must include blank

copies of any supplemental information, a list & copy of materials used, such as standardized instructions, debriefing

notes, informed consent statements and calculationsThis section provides all the materials

necessary to allow the experiment to be replicated

Tables of raw data must be included.

I is not necessary to include all participant responses: one blank copy or a sample is

sufficient

PRESENTATION

I/A Presentation criteria Markband 2

• Report is in the correct format

• Within word limit of 1,000 to 1,500 words• References are provided using one standard method of listing references consistently

This is not a section of your I/A, but IS a criteria for grading

AbstractContains a summary of important information about the

study (aims, methods, results, conclusion)

Allows the reader to understand quickly 1) what the researcher expected2) How the study was carried out3) The results4) The conclusions drawn.

Is the last section of the report to be written

Should contain fewer than 200 words

Consent FormALL PARTICIPANTS who are 16 years or older must sign

an informed consent statement.

ANY PARTICIPANTS who are under the age of 16 MUST HAVE PARENTAL CONSENT.

Include:Printed nameDateContact numberSignature

Also include a contact number for any questions the participant or their parents may have.

Perceptual Set

• What do you see?

• Which white circle is bigger?

Emotion and memory (physical arousal)

• Remember the heart rate experiment?

Halo effect

List each trait that you believe applies to the following individuals

Intelligent clean orderly angryHappy unattractive strong sensitiveWeak rebellious snobby inflexibleKind serious focused unforgivingPunctual guarded indifferent imaginativeIrresponsible efficient attractive moody

Person perception & first impressions

Read the stories of the following people:Sarah is a bubbly & energetic young lady. She frequently volunteers her time at the local homeless shelter and animal shelter. She works hard at school and maintains a B average. When she relaxes she likes to drink scotch & soda and has had a couple of close calls when she was driving. She swears each time that she will tone down her drinking.

Erin is lazy and does what she has to ‘just get by’. She likes to hang out with her “stoner” friends and frequently gets in trouble at school. She is happy with her C/D grades and will “get it together” someday. After school she takes care of her grandmother who she loves dearly and is in the late stages of Alzheimer’s. She spends as much time with her as she can in between her after school jobs.

Determine, on a scale of 1-10 the person’s (1) trustworthiness, (2) likeability, & (3) warmth

Determine, on a scale of 1-10 the person’s (1) trustworthiness, (2) likeability, & (3) warmth

I/A Experiment Suggestions• Memory & serial position curve

• Improving memory:• Learning & recall with associations

(mnemonics)• Imagery vs rehearsal (Bower; Paivio) (picture

or saying)• Organization and memory

• Memory & levels of processing (Craik & Lockhart)

• Memory Interference (two lists of words – only one to be recalled – given before & after)

• Illusions (Muller-Lyer illusion) (different forms of illusions)• Concrete vs abstract reasoning (Wason; Griggs & Cox • Heuristics (Tversky & Kahneman)

• Person perception & first impressions• Conformity

I/A HL EXAMPLE SCORES:

INTRODUCTION (Criterion A):– Example 1: 5

• Background theories are well explained and relevant. A clear aim and hypotheses are justified by the background studies.

– Example 2: 1• The research hypothesis is not clearly

operationalized; the background research is not well explained.

– Example 3: 3• The research hypotheses are not very clear,

they are not explicitly justified although the background literature is relevant.


METHOD (Criterion B-Design):– Example 1: 2

• Independent and dependent variables are correctly identified and operationalized. The design is appropriate to the aim, and is well justified. Ethical guidelines are followed.

– Example 2: 1• The independent and dependent variables are

not clearly described.

– Example 3: 1• The independent variable is not clearly

operationalized.


METHOD (Criterion C-Participants):– Example 1: 2

• Participant characteristics are identified, an appropriate sampling method used, and the target population identified.

– Example 2: 1• The sampling method is not clearly explained –

only stated.

– Example 3: 1• The sampling method has not been explained.


METHOD (Criterion D-Procedure):– Example 1: 2

• A clearly described procedure allows replication, materials included.

– Example 2: 1• The procedure is not clearly described so is not

easily replicable.

– Example 3: 0• There are no details of how ethical guidelines

were followed.

I/A SL EXAMPLE SCORES:

INTRODUCTION (Criterion A):– Example 1: 2

• The original study is identified and fully explained. The aim is clearly stated.

– Example 2: 2• The original study is identified and fully

explained. The aim is clearly stated.

– Example 3: 2• The aim of the study is clearly stated. The

study being replicated is clearly identified and described.


METHOD (Criterion B-Design):– Example 1: 1

• Independent variable (IV) lacks clarity and the dependent variable (DV) is not correctly identified. The design is appropriate and justified. Ethical guidelines were followed (documentation is provided for informed consent and debriefing).

– Example 2: 2• The IV and DV are accurately identified. The design is

appropriate and justified. Ethical guidelines were followed (documentation is provided for informed consent and debriefing).

– Example 3: 2• IV and DV are identified but the independent variable is not

perfectly accurate. The design is appropriate and justified. There is clear identification and documentation that ethical guidelines have been followed. Controls are identified.


METHOD (Criterion C - Participants):– Example 1: 1

• Some characteristics of participants are identified. Some relevant characteristics of participants have been omitted. The sample is selected using an appropriate method but it is not justified.

– Example 2: 1• Some relevant characteristics of participants are identified.

The sample is selected using an appropriate method but is not fully justified.

– Example 3: 2• Relevant characteristics of participants are identified. The

sample is selected using an appropriate method and the method is justified. Allocation of participants to conditions is described.


METHOD (Criterion D-Procedure):– Example 1: 1

• The procedure lacks relevant detail (for example, how much time did the participants have to fill out the questionnaire, were the pictures given individually or in groups, how much time elapsed between seeing the picture and presenting the questions?) All relevant material is presented.

– Example 2: 2• The study is easily replicable (procedural information is

relevant and clearly described).

– Example 3: 2• Procedural information provided is relevant but there are

some omissions-it is not clear if all participants received the questions in the same order. Ethical guidelines were followed. Relevant material is provided in the appendices

internal assessment. requirements undertake a partial replication of and report on one simple...

Documents

following words

word blue

word limits

james ridley stroop

simple experiment

written report

following personality

list of materials