intermolecular and intramolecular forces

Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces Tuesday, January 23, 18

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Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces

Tuesday, January 23, 18

Intramolecular Forces: forces that hold the atoms together in a molecule.

These forces or bonds are responsible for the chemical properties of a compound

Tuesday, January 23, 18

Page 3: Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces: forces that exist between molecules.

These forces or bonds are responsible for the physical properties of a compound

Tuesday, January 23, 18

Types of chemical bonds:IonicCovalentHydrogenMetallic

Intramolecular

Tuesday, January 23, 18

Ionic BondsForm between metallic and non-metallic atoms with the metallic atom losing an electron.

Very strongForm between two atoms having a difference of electronegativity greater then 1.7The structural units are formula units

Tuesday, January 23, 18

Page 6: Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces

Covalent BondsForm between two non-metallic atoms.

Polar covalent bonds have an EN of equal or less then 1.7 and greater then 0.4Non-polar covalent bonds have an EN of equal to or less then 0.4

Tuesday, January 23, 18

Page 7: Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces

Hydrogen BondsForm between molecules that contain a hydrogen and a highly electronegative atom.

Tuesday, January 23, 18

Page 8: Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces

Metallic Bonding

The force of attraction between metals due to the pooling of their valence electrons to form a delocalized ‘sea’ of electrons.

Tuesday, January 23, 18

Page 9: Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces

Metallic BondingMetals have a low electronegativity and are only loosely held to their nucleus

Metal cations are packed closely together, electrons are free to move from atom to atom, surrounding metal ions by a sea or cloud

Tuesday, January 23, 18

Page 10: Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces

Metallic BondingThis free movement of electrons explains several characteristics of metals

Malleability and ductility Conductivity of heatConductivity of electricityLustre

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Page 11: Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces

Types of intermolecular include:(London) Dispersion ForcesDipole- DipoleHydrogen Bonds

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Page 12: Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces

(London) Dispersion Forces

Extremely weak intermolecular forces of attraction generated by oscillating electron that produce temporary dipoles

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Page 13: Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces

Dipole-Dipole Forces

Exist between polar molecules that are generated as a result of the permanent or partial charge of polar molecules

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Page 14: Intermolecular and Intramolecular Forces

Hydrogen Bonds

Exceptionally strong dipole-dipole forces between identical molecules that contain hydrogen and a highly electronegative atom (N,O,F)

Tuesday, January 23, 18

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