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Intermediate Filaments Text and image sources are included using the notes function of this file Cytokeratin Mitochondria DNA

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The IMF Family TypeProteinHuman gene #Mol WeightCell type Type I (acidic) Type II (basic)Keratins>15 40-57 kDa 53-70 kDaEpithelia Type III (vimentin-like)Vimentin Desmin GFAP Peripherin 11111111 57 kDa 54 kDa 50 kDa 57 kDa Mesenchymal cells Muscle Glia, astrocytes PNS neurons Type IV (neurofilaments)NF-L NF-M NF-H [alpha]- internexin 11111111 62 kDa 102 kDa 110 kDa 66 kDa CNS neurons CNS neurons Type V (nuclear lamina)Lamins A / C Lamins B 1, B 2 1 1 ea 70/63 kDa 67/72 kDa Nucleus - Mature cells Nucleus - Develop.cells * Lens (Type VI)Phakinin/CP49 Filensin1 49 kDa 95 kDaLens Others:Nestin, Synemin, Paranemin, Plasticin, Tanabin... (Prokaryotic IMF family member)(Cresecntin)(Prokaryotes) form heterodimers

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Assembly as simple as abcdefg central rod domain bundles of 8 tetramers

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Atomic Model of the Dimer

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Keratins Lamins Cytokeratins in Epithelial Cells

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Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex arises from keratin point mutations Dowling-Meara - widespread blistering Koebner - blistering confined to hands and feet Weber-Cockayne - least severe

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Stretching an EBS cell destroys the keratin cytoskeleton

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Vimentin in Fibroblasts

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Cancer detection Cytokeratins are normally expresssed in skin but not in the underlying tissues. Antibody staining can reveal hyperplasia and metastasis of epithelial cells into those tissues as a cancer progresses. Normal Skin Squalous cell carcinoma

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Neurofilaments in Neurons NF-H in neurons GFAP in glia

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Active Remodeling (note - short clips are repeated several times in each part of the sequence)

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Cytokeratin- GFP dynamics 4 hour sequence

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Cytokeratin-GFP dynamics during mitosis 40 minute sequence

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Okadaic acid (phosphatase inhibitor) results in cytokeratin disassembly 200+ minute sequence Cytokeratin 13::GFP

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Cytokeratin-GFP dynamics require ATP 96 minute sequence

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Cytokeratin- GFP dynamics requires microtubules 115 minute sequence

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Microinjection of anti-detyrosinated tubulin antibodies collapses the IMF network

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Cytokeratin- GFP dynamics doesnt require micro- filaments 115 minute sequence

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Vimentin-GFP Time-lapse Close-up cell edge Nocodazole collapse

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Vimentin overlays Distinct from Microfilaments Co-align with Microtubules

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Plectin links Vimentin IMFs and Microtubules

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The Cytomatrix

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Tensegrity F-actin

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The Axonal Matrix

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Murine Macrophage

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Nocodozole- treatment depolymerizes mts and causes lamellipodial retraction