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INGLES SUPERIOR, 2016 1

Intermediate 3 – Extra Practice – Chapter 1

The Present Perfect Continuous

Present Perfect Continuous = HAVE (aux) + been + MAIN VERB + –ing.

1) The present perfect continuous is used to express an action that happened sometime in the past and then repeatedly

happened up to the present.

Example: I have been running marathons for three years.

This example means that I started running marathons three years ago, and I have repeatedly run marathons since then.

2)The present perfect continuous also expresses actions that began sometime in the past and continued to the present.

Example: Lauren has been studying since 2:00.

This example means that Lauren began to study at 2:00 and has continued to study until the present moment.

**To form a question in the present perfect continuous, place the subject between the HAVE auxiliary verb and BEEN.

Example: Have you been studying all day? What has she been doing? Where have they been working?

**Use for with a duration of time. (e.g. for three years, for 2 hours, for 9 months, etc.)

Use since with a specified time. (e.g. since 2012, since this morning, since I was a child, etc.)

1. Circle the correct answer. 1. I have been watching movies for / since five hours.

2. We have been friends for / since 1999.

3. My sister has been working for / since nine hours.

4. Jeremy and Seth have been studying for / since last night.

5. I have been collecting comic books for / since last year.

6. They have been living in Cusco for / since Christmas.

2. Fill in the blanks using the present perfect continuous. 1. I ___________________________ poetry since I was a child. (write)

2. She ___________________________ photos professionally for six years. (take)

3. We ___________________________ kites all day. (fly)

4. My friends ___________________________ volunteer work in their hometowns. (do)

5. Karla and her husband ___________________________ cupcakes for a fundraiser. (bake)

6. Kyndal ___________________________ yoga since 2013. (do)

7. ________ she ___________________ comic books since she was young? (collect) – Yes, she ________.

8. How long ________ you ___________________? (exercise) – I ___________________________ for one hour. I'm almost finished. (exercise)

3. Answer the questions in complete sentences.


1. Have you been sleeping all day?______________________________________________________________________.

2. Has your brother / sister been working all day?_________________________________________________________ .

3. How long have you been studying English? ____________________________________________________________ .

4. How long have you been working at your current job? ___________________________________________________ .

5. How long have you been living in Cusco? ______________________________________________________________.

6. What have you been doing this year? ________________________________________________________________ .

4. Vocabulary: Categorize the hobbies from activities 1 and 2 on page 4. Some hobbies may

belong in more than one category. Add your own ideas.

Athletic Hobbies

Artistic Hobbies Hobbies that I do

Hobbies that are good for kids

Boring Hobbies Interesting Hobbies

5. Read the text and answer the questions My sister Victoria has three hobbies, and she is serious about each of them. Collecting coins was her first hobby. She has

been collecting them since she was just eight years old. Our father went to China on a business trip, and he brought back some

coins. I wasn’t very interested in them, but Victoria was. The next time he traveled, she asked for some coins. He brought her

some from Egypt. Today, she has an enormous collection, with over 1,000 coins from more than 75 countries.

Victoria has also been collecting dolls for almost six years. Our grandmother takes a trip to a different foreign country

every year, and she always brings my sister and me wonderful presents from each country. Once, my grandmother bought

Victoria a Kokeshi doll from Japan. Not long after that, she began collecting dolls from around the world. She has some

beautiful dolls made from the US, but the most incredible are the ones from Russia made of wood and painted beautiful colors.

Victoria’s third hobby has nothing to do with coins or dolls, and she has only been doing it for a year. It’s taking photos of

animals. At first, Victoria went to the zoo every weekend. She took great pictures of the leopards and lions. Then, she started

saving money for her first safari to Africa. She went on safari two years ago and came back with some amazing photos of

giraffes and zebras. She was sad to come home, so she has been saving and planning another safari. Maybe I’ll go with her next

time.

1. Victoria took photos of leopards and lions at the zoo.

A) True B) False

2. Victoria has some dolls from China in her collection.

A) True B) False

3. Victoria began taking photos of animals before she

began collecting dolls.

A) True B) False

4. How many coins does Victoria have?

A) Seventy-five. B) More than a thousand.

C) The information is not in the text.

5. Who brought Victoria the first doll in her collection?

A) her sister B) her father

C) her grandmother

6. Which hobby has Victoria been doing longest?

A) collecting coins B) collecting dolls

C) taking photos of animals



Indirect Questions

Indirect questions are considered more formal and polite than direct questions. Any direct question can also be asked as

an indirect question. See the examples below (the indirect questions are in bold):

Direct Indirect

Where are you going? → Can you tell me where you are going?

What is this book about? → Can you explain what this book is about?

How did he do it? → Do you know how he did it?

Is he from Colombia? → Do you know if he's from Colombia?

**Notice that indirect questions contain normal subject-verb order. In an indirect question, the subject is first, and the

verb phrase is second. In a direct question, a verb comes before the subject.

**Do not use auxiliary verbs in indirect questions unless the indirect question is negative

Incorrect: Where did he go? → Do you know where he did go?

Example: Where did he go? → Do you know where he went?

**Also notice in the examples above that when the direct question is a Yes/No question, the indirect question begins

with “if.” When the direct question is an open (WH) question, the same WH- word precedes the indirect question.

1. Fill in the blanks with what, why, who, when, where, how, if, do, or can

1. ________ you know ________ the show is going to

start soon?

2. ________ you tell me ________ the train station is?

3. ________ you explain to me ________ you didn't do

your homework?

4. ________ you know ________ the capital of Canada

is?

5. ________ you know ________ the president of the

United States is?

6. ________ you know ________ to bake chocolate

cupcakes?

7. ________ you tell me ________ there are any good

restaurants near here?

8. ________ you guess ________ I am going on

vacation?

9. ________ you find out ________ he lied to me?

10. ________ you know ________ it's okay to take

pictures during the show?


2. Mark each question as “D” for direct or “I” for indirect. Then correct the mistake in each

sentence. 1. Where do live you? 2. Can you tell me where live you? 3. Can you explain to me the show is about?

4. Will you tell me why did you do that? 5. Does anyone know where is Cassie? 6. You can repeat that?

3. Change the direct questions to indirect questions and vice versa. Use different phrases

to introduce the indirect questions. 1. Ex. What time does the show start? → Do you know what time the show starts? 2. How did she find out the truth? → ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Where was the movie filmed? → ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Are Jane and Cindy going to the party? → ____________________________________________________________ 5. Can you tell me what you're doing? → _______________________________________________________________ 6. Can you explain the plot of the soap opera? → ________________________________________________________ 7. Do you know if Paul is coming to the party? → _________________________________________________________

4. Answer the questions about yourself

1. Can you explain why Cusco is such a historic city?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Do you know when the next World Cup will be played? Where will it be played?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Can you tell me why your teacher decided to move to Peru?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Do you know if it's going to rain tomorrow?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Vocabulary: Match the TV program to its description. 1. sports program _____

2. drama _____

3. cartoon _____

4. game show _____

5. reality show _____

6. infomercial _____

7. sitcom _____

8. cooking show _____

a. attempts to educate viewers about a subject or true story

b. a comedy show

c. has a competition between contestants

d. has animated drawings

e. a show about how to prepare delicious food

f. a program about athletes and the games they play

g. shows how participants behave in a “real-life” situation

h. an overly dramatic series


9. music video _____

10. soap opera _____

11. talk show _____

12. TV movie _____

13. documentary _____

14. news program _____

i. states what is happening around the world

j. has interviews with actors, musicians, politicians, etc.

k. a movie made for television

m. a serious show

n. a song with a video

o. a very long advertisement

6. Writing: Write three paragraphs about an issue in your city or country that should be featured in a documentary. Answer the

following questions: What is the issue? Why is it important? What information should be in the documentary? How did

you learn this information? Why did you choose this issue over other issues? What are some other important issues?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________



The Passive Voice

The passive voice = BE + the past participle of the main verb. The passive voice does not mean the past tense. The BE

verb can be in any tense—past, present, or future. The active and passive voice are verb structures, not verb tenses.

Active Voice Passive Voice

Picasso painted Starry Night. Starry Night was painted by Picasso.

The chef was preparing dinner. Dinner was being prepared by the chef.

The artist paints a new canvas everyday. A new canvas is painted by the artist everyday.

In order to change something from active voice to passive voice: 1) Put the subject of the active voice sentence into a

“by” phrase. 2)Use the object of the active voice sentence as the subject of the passive voice sentence.

*For example, in the 3rd example above, the subject of the active voice sentence is “The artist,” so we put “the artist” in

a “by” phrase after the past participle in the passive voice sentence.

*The object of the active voice sentence is “a new canvas,” so “a new canvas” is the subject of the passive sentence.

*The verb phrase of the passive voice sentence “is painted” follows the rule BE + past participle.

**Note: The by phrase the passive voice expresses who or what did the action. The by phrase can be deleted.

Example: The job was finished. (This sentence is in the passive voice. We do not know who finished the job.)

Unscramble the sentences. Then, circle “A” for active voice or “P” passive voice. 1. most like landscapes paintings I still life and don't ______________________________________________________________________________________________ A / P 2. constructed 1808 monument was stone in This ______________________________________________________________________________________________ A / P 3. putting small by many A made collage together pictures is ______________________________________________________________________________________________ A / P 4. modern are of me works artists The confusing to many ______________________________________________________________________________________________ A / P 5. of A by invented was technique painting new Jackson Pollock ______________________________________________________________________________________________ A / P

2. Fill in the blanks with the passive voice and a “by” phrase. Example: The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was painted by Michelangelo. (paint)

1. The drawing ____________________ by ____________________. (make)


2. The works of Leonardo da Vinci ____________________ by ____________________. (study)

3. The Louvre Museum in Paris ____________________ by ____________________ every day. (visit)

4. Most of the work ____________________ by ____________________. (do)

5. _________ The Scream _________ by Picasso? (paint)

– No, it wasn't. It ____________________ by Edvard Munch. (paint)

6. Why _________ people _________ by the work of Diego River? (move)

2. Change the sentences in active voice to passive voice. Change the sentences in passive

voice to active voice. Example: The paintings of Monet amaze me. → I am amazed by the paintings of Monet.

1. People around the world enjoy the work of Salvador Dalí. → ____________________________________________

2. Artists—including painters, sculptors, actors, singers, dancers, and writers—produce many different forms of art. →

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Who painted this picture? → _______________________________________________________________________

4. The sculpture David was made by Michelangelo. → _____________________________________________________

5. Frida Kahlo was inspired by her life experiences to create some of her most famous paintings. →

_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Are artists influenced by politics? → __________________________________________________________________

3. Answer the questions in complete sentences.

1. Was Starry Night created by Vincent Van Gogh?_________________________________________________________

2. Who was the Mona Lisa painted by?__________________________________________________________________

3. Will your homework be done by tomorrow? _________________________________________________________

4. Who is your favorite song sung by? __________________________________________________________________

5. How were the Egyptian Pyramids built? ________________________________________________________________

4. Vocabulary: Use each combination of words to make a sentence in the passive voice. Do

not repeat the same verb in every sentence—use different verbs. 1. Example: amazing, sculpture → This amazing sculpture was made by Auguste Rodin.

2. portrait, colorful → ________________________________________________________________________________

3. boring, still life → _________________________________________________________________________________

4. landscape, traditional→ ____________________________________________________________________________

5. abstract drawings and paintings → ___________________________________________________________________

6. pottery, sculpture→ _______________________________________________________________________________



Relative Clauses

A clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb. A relative clause is a clause that describes a noun. Relative

clauses directly follow the nouns they describe. The words that, who, whose, which, where, and when can all introduce a

relative clause. To decide which word to use, consider the content of the relative clause.

If the relative clause describes a person, use that or who.

Examples: I like people who are friendly.

She is someone that I don't trust.

**Note: Whom can also be used to introduce a relative clause that describes a person, but it is much more formal and

requires that the relative clause have a subject other than the relative pronoun.

Example: My father is someone whom I greatly admire.

Incorrect: My sister is someone whom is outgoing.

If the relative clause describes an object, use that or which.

Examples: I like to buy things that will last a long time.

This is a book which has a sad ending.

If the relative clause contains something possessed by the modified noun, use whose.

Examples: He is person whose life-goal is to make more money.

Karla is my friend whose parents are from Germany.

Where and when can be used to introduce relative clauses that describe places and times, respectively.

Examples: We like restaurants where the service is fast.

I like afternoons when it rains.

1. Circle the correct relative pronoun(s). 1. Dancing is an activity who / whose / which / that / where I have always enjoyed.

2. The 1960s were a time who / whose / which / that / when many things changed.

3. I love food who / whose / which / that / where is spicy.

4. My hometown is a place who / whose / which / that / where I can see my whole family.

5. That movie is something who / whose / which / that / when I never wanted to see.

6. I think people who / whose / which / that / when don't listen are very impolite.

2. In the sentences above, circle the main clause and underline the relative clause.

3. Complete the sentences with a relative clause 1. I am someone ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. My best friend is someone ______________________________________________________________________ 3. English is a language ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. I prefer phones ________________________________________________________________________________


5. I love days _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Peru is a place ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. _________________________________________________________________________ which is very beautiful. 8. ____________________________________________________________________________ that we really need. 9. _____________________________________________________________________ who is talkative and outgoing. 10. _______________________________________________________________________________ where I go a lot.

Combine the two sentences by changing one to a relative clause Example: Addie is my friend. Addie is from England. → Addie is my friend who is from England. 1. Bill is a student. Bill works hard. →__________________________________________________________________

2. New York is a place. You can see many interesting things in New York. →

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. This is a computer. This computer works well. → ________________________________________________________

4. This is a book. This book is easy to understand. → _______________________________________________________

5. Sarah is someone. Sarah's life has changed a lot. → ______________________________________________________

6. Emily is my cousin. Her husband is from Australia. → ____________________________________________________

4. Answer the questions 1. Name some things that you use everyday:

_____________________________________________

2. Name the person that you trust the most:

_____________________________________________

3. Name the place where you feel the most

comfortable:

_____________________________________________

4. Name a famous person whom you would like to

meet:

_____________________________________________

5. Name something which you cannot live without:

_____________________________________________

6. Name the person who you most admire:

_____________________________________________

5. Replace the underlined portion of the sentence using an adjective from page 24. Use

vocabulary from activities 1 and 2.

1. Jim is a little shy and he doesn't talk very much. → _______________________________________________________

2. Marisa is rude. → _________________________________________________________________________________

3. Claire is someone who never remembers anything . → ___________________________________________________

4. Adam is someone who always sees the bad and not the good. → ___________________________________________

5. Lily is someone who everyone likes. → ________________________________________________________________

6. Holly is very social and active. → _____________________________________________________________________

7. Cory is someone who always gives to others. → _________________________________________________________

8. Jeff is someone who likes to chat a lot. → ______________________________________________________________



Infinitives and Gerunds

Infinitives = to + the base form of the verb Gerunds = verb + –ing, used as a noun One use of infinitives and gerunds is to express the purpose of something. See the examples below. Examples: I use Skype to talk to my family. (“to talk” expresses the purpose of Skype) Robin uses her phone to send work emails. (“to send” expresses a purpose of her phone) Justin and Mark bought a treadmill for exercising at home. (“for exercising” expresses the treadmill's purpose) That cable is for connecting the computer to the electricity. (“for connecting” expresses the cable's purpose) **Note: To combine “to” + a verb, always use the base form of the verb. To combine “for” + a verb, always convert the verb to a gerund using –ing **Note: To express a purpose without using a verb, use “for.” Example: I use my laptop for everything. (“everything” is not a verb) She needs a laptop for work. (in this case, “work” is a noun) **Note: An –ing verb does not necessarily mean the sentence is in a continuous tense. Only when a BE verb is used with the –ing verb is the sentence in a continuous tense. Example of the past continuous: I was playing soccer. This sentence is continuous because there is a BE verb with the –ing verb. Example of a gerund: I like dancing. This sentence is not in the present continuous because there is no BE verb.

1. Circle the correct answer.

1. Jenny uses her smartphone to / for check email.

2. Will needs his smartphone to / for making calls.

3. I use my smartphone to / for texting.

4. Jo uses her smartphone to / for play games.

5. We use our smartphones to / for everything these days.

2. Read the following paragraph. Circle all the infinitives and underline all the

gerunds.

Sharon is walking to class. Her backpack is really heavy, because she has a lot of stuff in her backpack. She has a

notebook. She uses it to take notes in class. She also uses her notebook for drawing when she's bored. Sharon has many

pens and pencils. She uses them for writing and drawing. She can also use a pencil to put her hair up. Of course, Sharon

has many books in her back pack as well. She needs them to study and to learn. Sharon is also carrying a laptop. She

uses her laptop for many things. She uses it for sending emails, for chatting, for writing papers, and for surfing the web.

Sharon also has an old phone, which she uses to make calls. The last thing Sharon is carrying in her backpack is her scarf

and hat. She uses them to keep warm.


3. Answer the questions with either an infinitive or a gerund.

1. What do you need your phone for?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What do you use your camera for?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What do you need a computer for?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Why do you need a headset?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Why do you want a portable DVD player?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What are you going to do with your new e-Book reader?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Vocabulary: Read the paragraph and fill in the blanks with vocabulary from page

30 activities 1 and 2.

I have a lot of different gadgets. I use my _____________________ to get directions. I use my _____________________

for listening to many different radio stations, and I use my _____________________ for listening to music I have

downloaded. I use my _____________________ to video chat with my friends who live far away. I use my

_____________________ for making calls, using the internet, and sending text messages. When I need to talk on the

phone and also do something else, I use my _____________________. On trips, I take my _____________________ to

watch movies in the car or on an airplane. I use my _____________________ for taking pictures and uploading them to

my computer. To read books digitally, I used my _____________________. And I use my _____________________ for

almost everything—for checking email and Facebook, for using Skype, for listening to music, etc. I love technology!



The Past Perfect

The past perfect = HAD (aux) + the past participle of the main verb. The past perfect is used to describe an event that happened (or didn't happen) before another event. Adverbs, including not, never, and already, go in between the HAD auxiliary verb and the past participle. Examples: By the time Paula arrived at the airport, her plane had already left. (This means that sometime before Paula arrived at the airport, the plane left.) Before I visited to Brazil, I had never been to South America before. (This means that I wasn't in South America ever in my life before visiting Brazil.) Jan had studied four different languages before she started to study English. (This means that sometime before studying English, Jan studied four other languages first.) *Similar to the present perfect, we do not use specified times to say when the event in the past perfect occurred. Incorrect: I had been to England last year. Correct: I had been to England before last year. The first example is incorrect because it specifies when the action in the past perfect took place. The second example is correct because it does not specify when I went to England. It only says sometime before last year, I went to England.

*When using the past perfect, we often use another clause in the simple past. The clause in the past perfect happens first, and the clause in the simple past happens second. Example: I had learned French before I went to France. In the example above, had learned is in the past perfect, and went is in the simple past. This means that I learned French first, and then I went to France after learning French. ** I + had = I'd / You + had = You'd / She + had = She'd / He + had = He'd / They + had = They'd / We + had = We'd

Match the clauses in the past perfect to the clauses in the simple present to make a

complete sentence.

1. I had already missed my plane _____ 2. Before I went to the jungle _____ 3. We'd already started class _____ 4. When I got to the restaurant, _____ 5. Had you been to Melbourne _____ 6. Until I put my coat on, _____ 7. His wife had already left for work _____ 8. Before my friends traveled to Mexico, _____ 9. Had you seen the movie _____ 10. What extreme sports had she tried _____

a. by the time the late student arrived. b. my family had already eaten. c. before she went skydiving? d. before you watched it on DVD? e. I hadn't noticed how cold I had been. f. before you visited Australia? g. by the time he woke up. h. I'd never seen an anaconda in person. i. by the time I arrived at the airport. j. they'd never studied Spanish.

Circle the correct answer

1. I had already done my homework by the time you had finished / finished yours.

2. They had eaten / ate dinner by 6:00.

3. When we arrived at our friend's house, the party had already started / already started.


4. They had / have eaten lunch today.

5. By the time the class finished, she had / have learned about the present perfect.

6. Had you gone / Did you go to the mall yesterday?

– Yes, I had / did.

7. Had you tried / Did you try guinea pig before coming to Peru?

– No, I hadn't / didn't/

8. What countries had / have you visited in your life?

– I had / have visited many different countries in South America and Europe.

Fill in the blanks with the past perfect.

1. Before I read that book, I __________________ another book by the same author. (read)

2. We __________ never __________ bungee jumping before today. (go)

3. By the time Cooper arrived, class __________ already __________. (start)

4. Until Jonathan met Kyndal, he __________ never truly __________ in love. (be)

5. My friends __________ already __________ dinner by the time I called them. (eat)

6. __________ you __________ to Asia before you went to Korea? (be)

– Yes, I _______

7. __________ he __________ sushi before he went to Japan? (try)

– No, he __________.

8. What foreign countries __________ she __________ before going to South Africa? (visit)

– She __________________ Australia, Italy, and China. (visit)

1. Answer the questions

1. Had you studied English before taking classes at Inglés Superior?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Had you learned about the past perfect before today?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Had you tried lomo saltado before you were ten years old?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Had your parents had children before they had you?


__________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What had you never done before you were sixteen?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Where have you never visited that you would like to visit?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Adverb Practice: Form the adverb from each given adjective. Look at activity 2,

page 36 for help.

1. hurried → _______________ 2. loud → _______________ 3. obvious → _______________

4. annoying → _______________ 5. rude → _______________ 6. nice → _______________

7. doubtful → _______________ 8. permanent → _______________ 9. lucky → _______________

5.Vocabulary: Write the adjective that fits the description.

1. When you are happy and optimistic → __________________________________

2. When you don't pay attention to what you are doing → __________________________________

3. When you are being loud → __________________________________

4. When you stay calm even though you are waiting → __________________________________

5. When you are doing things very quickly → __________________________________

6. When you are mad or upset → __________________________________



Active vs Causative

We use the causative sentence structure when someone else does something for us. The causative structure = subject + HAVE / GET + object + past participle The active structure is usually used when we do something ourselves. See the comparisons in the chart below:

Active Causative

She always fixes her laptop herself. She always gets / has her laptop fixed at the same shop.

I cleaned the house (myself). I got / had the house cleaned (by someone else).

We are going to paint our nails (ourselves). We are going to get / have our nails painted.

1. Fill in the blanks with the causative structure. Use the verb in parentheses.

1. He always __________ his hair __________ at the same salon. (trim)

2. I __________ my nails __________ yesterday. (do)

3. I __________ my phone __________ at the store. (fix)

4. She __________ her hair __________ and __________ before the dance. (dye, straighten)

5. Did you __________ your hair __________? (highlight)

6. Where did you __________ your ears __________? (pierce)

2. Change the sentences from active to causative

1. I permed my hair yesterday → _______________________________________________________________________

2. She pierced her ears last week. → ____________________________________________________________________

3. Susan and Jan both dyed their hair blonde. → ___________________________________________________________

4. Did he shave his head? → ___________________________________________________________________________

5. Do you want to trim your hair? → ____________________________________________________________________

6. What do you want to do to your hair? → _______________________________________________________________



1. Do you want to get a perm? __________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Did you have your head shaved last year? __________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Did you have your ears pierced when you were a child?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Where do you get your hair cut? __________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What do you have done to your hair regularly? __________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What do you want to have done to your hair now? __________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Vocabulary Part A: Circle the answer according to your personal preference.

1. I would prefer to have my hair dyed blue / blonde / brown / black.

2. I would / wouldn't like to get a manicure tomorrow.

3. I would / wouldn't like to have my nose pierced.

4. I would prefer to have my hair permed straight / curly /wavy.

5. I would prefer to have my hair trimmed / shaved.

6. I would prefer to have my hair dyed one color / highlighted.

5. Vocabulary Part B: Check true or false according to your personal experience.

1. I have had my head shaved. T / F

2. I have gotten a manicure. T / F

3. I have had my hair permed. T / F

4. I have gotten highlights. T / F

5. I have had my hair straightened. T / F

6. I have had my hair trimmed. T / F

7. I have had my hair dyed. T / F

8. I have had my ears pierced. T / F



The second conditional

The second conditional is formed by two clauses: 1)The “if” clause supposes that something is true. 2)The main clause gives a possible result of the “if” clause. The “if” clause uses the simple past. The main clause uses would, could, or might + the base form of the main verb. Example: If John lived downtown, he would be closer to work. Both the “if” clause and the main clause express the opposite of the truth, so we can infer from the above example that John does not live downtown. We also know that downtown is closer to John's work than where he really lives. **The “if” clause and the main clause can change order. When the “if” clause is first, it is followed by a comma. If the main clause is first, no comma is needed. Examples: If I were you, I would quit my job. (The “if” clause is first, and it is followed by a comma.) I would quit my job if I were you. (This expresses the same idea as the first example, but no comma is needed because the main clause is first.)

**To form questions in the second condition, change the order of the auxiliary (would, could, or might) and the subject. There is no change to the “if” clause in a question. Examples: If you could learn any language, which language would you learn? – I would learn Mandarin. If you had a million dollars, what could you do? – I could take a long vacation and help many people.

Match the “if” clauses to the main clauses. 1. If I were invited, _____ 2. Would you travel to China _____ 3. They couldn't travel to Europe _____ 4. If she lived in Brazil, _____ 5. If you listened in class, _____ 6. What could you do _____ 7. They would learn more quickly _____ 8. If he didn't talk so much, _____ 9. If I had a million dollars, _____ 10. If you didn't live here, _____

a. he would be a better listener. b. if they did their homework. c. she would speak Portuguese. d. if you were a superhero? e. if they didn't have any money. f. I would go to the party. g. if you had the opportunity? h. I might spend some of it buying a private jet. i. where would you live? j. you would understand the material better.

Read the sentences. Then circle true or false according to each sentence. 1. If I were a teacher, I would never give the students homework.

I'm a teacher. T / F

2. I wouldn't stay in the Thunderbird Motel if I were you.

I recommend staying in the Thunderbird Motel. T / F

3. If Ana lived in a studio apartment, her rent would be less expensive.

Ana lives in a studio apartment. T / F

4. I would have more money if I didn't live downtown.

I live downtown. T / F


1. Circle the correct answer.

1. If I make / made more money, I would eat in a different restaurant every day.

2. If there aren't / weren't so many cars on the street, the air quality wouldn't be so bad.

3. There wouldn't be / being so much traffic if more people walked to work.

4. If no colors exist / existed, the world would be black and white.

5. If I didn't have to work, I could sleep / slept in late.

6. I would be very sad if I had / didn't have my friends and family.

7. What would you do / did if you were the manager?

– I would pay / paid everyone a higher salary.

8. Would you like to live in Canada if you have / had the chance?

– Yes, I like / would.

2. Complete the sentences

1. If I never had to work, ______________________________________________________________________________

2. If the day were 48 hours long, _______________________________________________________________________

3. If I lived in Lima, __________________________________________________________________________________

4. I would cry if _____________________________________________________________________________________

5. I would go to Japan if ______________________________________________________________________________

6. I wouldn't like it if _________________________________________________________________________________


1. Would you sleep all day if you didn't have to work?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. If you had the opportunity, would you like to move to another country?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What would you do if you had a million dollars?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________


4. If you were president, what would you do?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. If it were really hot outside, what would you be doing?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. If you lived in Brazil, how would your life be different?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Vocabulary: Read the paragraph. Use vocabulary from activities 1 and 2 on page

50 to fill in the blanks.

I live in a great neighborhood downtown. The ______________________ is great, because there are so many

stores. The ______________________ is also very good—there are a lot of buses, and there's a subway system, too. If

you want to relax during the day, there are a lot of ______________________ where you can take a walk or sit by the

fountain. And if you like to go out at night, there are many restaurants, bars, and clubs—the ______________________

here is exciting. There is also an interesting ______________________ with lots of museums and exhibitions of local

artists. It's a safe neighborhood, too—the ______________________ is very low. And since so many businesses are

nearby, the ______________________ is good.

There are a few of problems, though. Since the neighborhood is downtown, the ______________________ is

high, and the ______________________ are expensive. Also, since so many businesses have their offices downtown,

there's a lot of ______________________ during rush hour when people drive to work. All the cars and pollution make

the ______________________ worse. But, overall, I think my neighborhood is a great place to live.


Intermediate 4 – Extra Practice - Chapter 9

Would/Should Have + Past Participle

We use would / should + have + past participle to talk about hypothetical actions in the past. We use would / should + have + past participle to talk about something that didn't really happen. We do not need to change this verb structure depending on the subject.

Examples: I would have gone to the party, but I was sick. (I didn't go to the party because I was sick, but I wanted to go to the party.) Sue wouldn't have gone to the party, but it was her best friend's birthday. (Sue went to the party, but she didn't want to go for some reason. Sue only went because it was her friend's birthday.) You should have called your parents yesterday because it was their anniversary. (You didn't call her parents, but you had an obligation to call them on their anniversary.) They shouldn't have lied. (They lied, but they had a moral obligation not to lie.)

1. Read the sentences and then circle true or false.

1. I would have closed the window last night, but I forgot.

– I closed the window. T / F

– I wanted to close the window. T / F

2. Bill would have come to class, but he was sick.

– Bill came to class. T / F

– Bill was going to come to class, but he couldn't because he was sick. T / F

3. We wouldn't have eaten in a restaurant, but there wasn't any food at home.

– We wanted to eat in a restaurant. T / F

– There was food at home. T / F

4. You should have done your homework.

– You did your homework. T / F

– It was a good idea to do the homework. T / F

5. They shouldn't have eaten so much.

– They ate too much. T / F

– It was a good idea to eat so much. T / F

6. I shouldn't have spent all my money.

– I saved my money. T / F

– I should have saved some money. T / F


2. Fill in the blanks with would(n't) / should(n't) + have + past participle. Use the

verb in parentheses.

1. He ______________________________ his hair. His new haircut looks awful. (cut)

2. We ______________________________ our homework, but we didn't have enough time. (do)

3. They ______________________________ more. They failed the test. (study)

4. Karen ______________________________ more money this month. Now she doesn't have money for rent. (save)

5. I didn't know she was your girlfriend. I ______________________________ her to go on a date. (ask)

6. I'm so sorry. I ______________________________ on the test. (cheat)

7. The teacher is tired. He ___________________________ more, but his neighbors were loud and woke him up. (sleep)

8. What _____________ you ______________________ in my situation? (do)

– I ______________________ the tickets early. (buy)

9. I didn't know what to do, so I lied to my friend. What _____________ I ______________________? (do)

– You ______________________ the truth. (tell)

10. I went to a new restaurant last night but it was terrible. Where _____________ you ______________________? (go)

– I ______________________ to Amigos Restaurant. It's delicious.

3. Read the paragraph.

Iris had a terrible day yesterday. She forgot to set her alarm, so she was late leaving the house. Then, it started

raining while she was walking to work and she didn't have her umbrella. When she arrived at work, she realized she had

forgotten to bring the report her boss had asked for. The report was on her desk at home. She took a taxi back home to

get the report, but she accidentally left her cell phone in the taxi. When got to her apartment, she realized she hadn't

brought her house keys back from the office, so she couldn't open her apartment door. So Iris went back to the office to

get her keys, then back home to get the report, then back to the office again to give her boss the report. But her boss


wasn't happy. Iris didn't work very hard on the report, and her boss said the report was terrible. Iris was embarrassed, so

she lied to her boss and said she was sick when she wrote the report. Her boss said she had to write the report again.

What should Iris have done? What would you have done? (Write 5-6 sentences)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Vocabulary: Fill in the blanks with an adjective from page 56 from activity 1 or

activity 2.

1. Sally doesn't care about the problems of other people. She is __________________________________.

2. Bill thinks something is funny and entertaining. Bill is __________________________________.

3. Andy is really, really surprised. He is __________________________________.

4. Amy is not nice or kind. Amy is __________________________________ .

5. Sarah did something silly and now she feels ashamed. Sarah is __________________________________.

6. Gene doesn't understand what is happening. He is __________________________________ .

7. Alice tries to understand the problems of other people. She is __________________________________.

8. Max is annoyed and a little angry. Max is __________________________________.

9. Rachel is thankful for the things she has. She is __________________________________.

10. John was worried about something but now he's not worried anymore. John is ______________________________.



May / Might / Could / Must + Have + Past Participle

1) We use may / might / could + have + past participle to express something that possibly happened. 2) May / might + not + have + past participle expresses something that possibly did not happen. These two structures express uncertainty. Examples: I might have seen a ghost (but I'm not sure). The wind could have made that sound (but I'm not sure). We may not have been the only people in the room (but I'm not sure). 1) We use must + have + past participle to give a definite explanation of an even that occurred. 2) We use must / could + not + have + past participle to express something that definitely did not occur. These two structures express certainty. Examples: She must have been sleeping when I called. (I'm sure she was sleeping when I called.) You must not have done the homework. (I'm sure you didn't do the homework.) They couldn't have gone to the party last night. (I'm sure they didn't go to the party last night.)

1. Read the sentences. Then circle true, false, or maybe according to each sentence.

1. I might have forgotten my keys at home.

My keys are at home. T / F / Maybe

My keys are in my bag. T / F / Maybe

2. Carl may not have lied to us.

Carl lied to us. T / F / Maybe

Carl didn't lie to us. T / F / Maybe

3. Ana couldn't have been at home all day yesterday, because she was with me at the mall in the afternoon.

Ana might have been at home all day. T / F / Maybe

Ana might have been at home for part of the day. T / F / Maybe

4. Mary must have forgotten to do her homework.

Ana didn't do her homework. T / F / Maybe

Mary didn't do her homework on purpose. T / F / Maybe

2. Fill in the blanks with may / might / could / must (not) + have + past participle. Use the

verb in parentheses.

1. That ___________________________ a ghost! I'm sure of it! (be) 2. My sister ___________________________ a UFO in the sky. She's not sure. (see) 3. Kyle didn't answer his phone. He ___________________________ it off. (turn)


4. Lauren wasn't in class. She ___________________________ sick. (get) 5. Karen doesn't like science fiction movies, so I'm sure she ___________________________ Star Wars. (like) 6. There was a car accident on the road today. Someone ___________________________ an injury. I hope not. (suffer) 7. What ___________________________ to my wallet? It's not in my pocket. – You ___________________________ it at home by accident. (leave) 8. ___________ that photo __________________ a trick photo? – No, it couldn't have been.

3. Read each situation, then answer the questions.

1. I heard a strange noise outside my window. What could have made the noise?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. I think I saw a ghost. What might I have seen?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. I left a pizza in the kitchen and went to buy some soda at the store. When I came back, the pizza was gone! What may

have happened to the pizza?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. The teacher was angry yesterday. What might (or might not) have happened?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. I left my dog unattended at home. When I returned home, my favorite pair of shoes was destroyed. No one else was

at home. What must have happened?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. I went to the beach and got a sunburn. What must I have forgotten to do?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Match the words to their definitions 1. optical illusion _____

2. mystery _____

3. evidence _____

4. hoax _____

5. prediction _____

6. urban legend _____

7. theory _____

8. phenomenon _____

9. sighting _____

10. trick photo _____

a. a situation where you don't know exactly what happened

b. a story that is popular to tell in a particular community

c. a picture that has been made to deceive you

d. an explanation that is supported by evidence

e. a trick

f. when someone sees something strange or unusual

g. something that supports an explanation of events

h. an unusual, amazing, or inexplicable event

i. a trick of the eye

j. when you say what will happen in the future



The Third Conditional

The third conditional is used to express hypothetical situations in the past. The situations expresses by the third conditional are not real. The third conditional is made of two clauses—the “if” clause and the main clause. 1) The “if” clause is in the past perfect. (Remember, the past perfect = HAD (aux) + the past participle.) The “if” clause expresses a hypothetical situation in the past. 2) The main clause follows this pattern: would / could / might / may + have + past participle. The main clause expresses a hypothetical result of the “if” clause. Examples: If I had been in class yesterday, I would have understood the homework. (In reality, I wasn't in class yesterday, and I didn't understand the homework.) If Lori hadn't called me, I wouldn't have known about the party. (In reality, Lori did call me, and so I did know about the party.) **The “if” clause and main clause can change order. When the “if” clause is first, it is followed by a comma. When the main clause is first, no comma is necessary. Example: If Sarah hadn't played, we would have lost the game. = We would have lost the game if Sarah hadn't played. (In reality, Sarah did play, and because Sarah played, we won the game.)

To form questions in the third conditional, change the order of would / could with the subject. There is no change to the “if” clause. Examples: If you had studied Portuguese, would you have traveled to Brazil? – Yes, I would have traveled to Brazil. What would you have done if you had failed the test? – I would have taken it again.

1. Read the sentences. Then circle true or false according to each sentence.

1. I would have gone to class if I hadn't been sick.

In reality, I went to class. T / F

In reality, I was sick. T / F

2. If Lindsay had eaten breakfast, she wouldn't have been hungry at work.

In reality, Lindsay ate breakfast. T / F

In reality, Lindsay was hungry at work. T / F

3. George would have finished the report on time if he hadn't gotten distracted.

In reality, George didn't finish the report on time. T / F

In reality, George got distracted. T / F

4. If I had had coffee in the morning, I wouldn't be so tired now.

In reality, I didn't have coffee this morning. T / F

I'm tired now. T / F


5. If Mildred hadn't told me, I wouldn't have that Leonard was in town.

In reality, Mildred told me Leonard was in town. T / F

In reality, I knew that Leonard was in town. T / F

2. Match the “if” clauses to their main clauses.

1. Keri would have apologized _____

2. If Jerry hadn't broken his arm, _____

3. I would have called _____

4. You would have danced last night _____

5. If Jeremy had bought a new phone, _____

6. If Sue had had more time, _____

7. I think you would have liked the movie _____

8. If Jo hadn't fallen asleep during the scary movie, _____

a. if you had seen it.

b. she would have gone to the gym.

c. she might not have had a nightmare.

d. if I hadn't forgotten.

e. he would have given me his old one.

f. if it had been her fault.

g. he would have gone hiking.

h. if you had gone to the club with us

Fill in the blanks. For the “if” clause, use the past perfect. For the main clause, use would /

could + have + past participle. Use the verbs in parentheses.

1. If you ___________________________ in the Plaza, you ___________________________ the fireworks. (be, see)

2. If Anne ___________________________ to me, she ___________________________ about the test. (listen, know)

3. Billy ___________________________ a cavity if he ___________________________ so much sugar. (not get, not eat)

4. My phone ___________________________ if I ___________________________ it in water. (not break, not drop)

5. We ___________________________ better grades if we ___________________________ up all night. (get, not stay)

6. If I ___________________________ my book, I ___________________________ really bored. (have, be)

7. If Laura ___________________________ the medicine, she ___________________________ really sick. (take, get)

8. _________ Lauren ________________ to the party if Sharon ___________________________? (go, go)

– No, she ___________________________. (go)

9. What _________ you ________________ if you ___________________________ in my situation? (do, be)

– I ___________________________ to my friends. (listen)

10. If you ___________________________ Australia, where _________ you ________________? (visit, travel)

– I ___________________________ to Indonesia. (travel)


3. Complete the sentences.

1. If I had gone to Lima today,

__________________________________________________________________________

2. If I had become a famous actor, ______________________________________________________________________

3. If I had been born in Japan, __________________________________________________________________________

4. I wouldn't gone to work today if ______________________________________________________________________

5. I would have cried today if __________________________________________________________________________

6. I would have worn shorts and a T-shirt today if __________________________________________________________

4. Vocabulary: Write specific examples of each category

1.vehicles: (examples: bikes, cars, trains…) _______________________________________________________________

2. instruments: _____________________________________________________________________________________

3. gadgets: _____________________________________________________________________________________

4. tools: _____________________________________________________________________________________

5. appliances: _____________________________________________________________________________________

6. utensils: _____________________________________________________________________________________



Reported Speech

→ When we say what someone else said, it is called reported speech. → When we report what someone else said, the verb tense changes. See the chart below:

Direct Speech Reported Speech

Simple Present →

I am a blogger.

Simple Past

James said he was a blogger.

Simple Past →

I was a reporter.

Past Perfect

He said he had been a reporter.

Present Perfect →

I have written many popular articles.

Past Perfect

He said he had written many popular articles.

Will →

I will write a new blog post today.

Would

He told me he would write a new blog post today.

Can →

I can write very well.

Could

He told me he could write very well.

Match the sentences **In each pair, underline the verbs that changes tense.

1. He said he was a movie star! _____ 2. They told me they could sing and dance. _____ 3. She told me she was a journalist. _____ 4. They said they would finish the report tonight. _____ 5. I said I liked to watch the news. _____ 6. You asked me if we had been to Hollywood. _____ 7. She asked me if we were going to the party. _____ 8. He said he had been reading an article. _____

a. We can sing and dance. b. Are you going to the party? c. I'm a movie star. d. Have you been to Hollywood? e. I was reading an article in the newspaper. f. I like to watch the news. g. We will finish the report tonight. h. I'm a journalist.

Change the direct speech to reported speech.

1. (example) Karen: I'm a celebrity. → Karen said she was a celebrity

2. Alex: I went to Hollywood last year. → _________________________________________________________________

3. Ben: I was a journalist for the London Times. → _________________________________________________________


4. Courtney: I have been watching the news. → ___________________________________________________________

5. Hayley: I can't sing or act. → _________________________________________________________________________

6. Cory: I will read the newspaper tomorrow. → ___________________________________________________________

1. Change the reported speech to direct speech.

1. (example) She said she was a celebrity. → I am a celebrity.

2. You said you would finish the blog post today. → ________________________________________________________

3. Ana said she was going to see a movie. → ______________________________________________________________

4. Bill told me he had been watching TV all day. → _________________________________________________________

5. Lynn told me she had been a celebrity in her country. → __________________________________________________

6. Kyle asked me if I could sing. → __________________________________________________________

2. Fill in the blanks with vocab from page 76. Use words from activities 1 and 2.

There are many different places to read the news. You can read a ___________________ like the New York

Times or a ___________________ like Time Magazine. The titles of the biggest news stories are called

___________________. Newspapers and magazines are organized into sections called ___________________, which

are written by ___________________. Journalists write articles about many things. Many people like to read about

___________________, which is about the government. Other people like to read about soccer, football, basketball, etc.

in the ___________________ news section. You can also read about famous people in ___________________ news, but

most of the “news” about famous people is just ___________________. Newspapers and magazines have pictures that

are taken by ___________________. The person who organizes and directs the newspaper or magazine is called the

___________________. You can also watch the news on TV during a ___________________. A person called a

___________________ reads and analyzes the news. And if you like to read news online, there are many people called

___________________ who write about current events as well.

intermediate 3 extra practice chapter 1 - inglessuperior.com · circle the correct answer. 1. ......

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