INTERLINGUAL SUBTITLING FOR CINEMA AND TELEVISION Subtitling is a worldwide-known form of translation, yet its knowledge to the general audience is limited to subtitles’ bare functionality, preferably actualized in as invisible a way as possible (Bannon, 2009). Subtitles are the most common translation technique used worldwide for cinema, television and many other traditional and innovative media, its history running parallel to the history of the media themselves. Interestingly, subtitling generates a huge volume of work even in countries where dubbing is the preferred translation mode for cinema and television, and this is due to its lower costs but also to its greater flexibility. This workshop aims to offer an overview of the contexts of application of subtitles, focusing primarily on cinema. After surveying the major strategies and constraints involved in cinema subtitling, students will be presented with several examples, for their analysis and for some practical work. AUDIOVISUAL ACCESSIBILITY This workshop aims to explore the concept of audiovisual accessibility, which is nowadays seen as including all the major techniques and strategies to make an audiovisual text ‘accessible’ for specific segments of the audience. Referring to cinema and television and focusing primarily on the needs of the sensory impaired, we shall explore audio description for the blind, intralingual subtitling for the deaf (captions) and live subtitling by respeaking. All of these techniques involve the use of one language only and are outstanding examples of intersemiotic translation. The workshop includes an overview of the most relevant guidelines for the preparation of audio description and intralingual subtitles, but also the analysis of several excerpts from films.

Workshop 1 – bibliography

1. A. Egoyan and I. Balfour (2004) Subtitling: on the Foreigness of Film (Introduction, “Cultural Ventriloquism”, “To Read or not to Read: Subtitles, Trailers and Monolingualism”). Book review on JosTrans: http://www.jostrans.org/issue04/rev_egoyan.pdf

2. J. Diaz Cintas, A. Remael (2007) Audiovisual Translation: Subtitling (useful as a manual, in general).

3. C. O’Sullivan (2011) Translating Popular Films

(“Mimesis and Film Languages”).

4. L. Perez Gonzalez (2012) “Co-creational subtitling in the digital media: Transformative and authorial practices”, available for download at: http://ics.sagepub.com/content/16/1/3.abstract

Workshop 1 – Videos

1. Roma (1975) Scenes on YouTube. Full film sent via WeTransfer

2. Go Tell the Spartans (1978) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylw0tYdW8qk

3. Food for thought: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROtLSSqW16M

Workshop 2 – bibliography

1. On audio description for the blind:

http://www.acb.org/adp/ad.html http://www.acb.org/adp/movies.html http://www.mediaaccess.org.au/about/what-is-media-access/what-is-audio-description

2. On subtitles for the deaf/captions https://apps.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/DOC-325695A1.pdf https://nad.org/issues/technology/captioning/what-is

3. A. Maszerowska, A. Matamala, P. Orero (2014) Audio Description. New Perspectives Illustrated. Amsterdam: Benjamins.

4. A. Matamala, P. Orero (2010) Listening to Subtitles. Subtitles for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing.

5. P. Romero Fresco (2011) Subtitling Through Speech Recognition:

Respeaking.

Workshop 2 – videos

1. “Treno”, for audio description (video sent)

2. “BBC – How Subtitles are Made” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2K9-JPIPjg

3. Described and Captioned Media Program, captions and AD

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFyY7u95nxw