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MATERIALS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO INTERIORS•Submitted To:- Ar. Jaya Srivastava

•Submitted By:- Atul Kumar Verma B.Arch- (3rd year) I.A.T.P. Sitapur

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FLOOR COVERINGThere are an amazing number of choices available when it comes to flooring surfaces for our home - and each has its own advantages and disadvantages in different climates and areas. The few types of floor coverings comes in floorings are as follows:-

1. Soft Floor Covering2. Wood Flooring3. Hard Flooring4. Resilient Flooring5. Seamless Chemical Flooring

1. SOFT FLOOR COVERING•Soft flooring is a popular option for many people because of its comfort and wide range of colors and texture.• manufactured as a roll.• Known as flexible tiles.• Types of soft floor covering are…

1. CARPET 2. LINOLEUM

3. VINYL 4. CORK

1. CARPET• Widely used in interiors.• manufactured as roll.• Made of wool, nylon and polyester.•Available in broad range of color sand patterns.• It is flat and even regardless of whether.• Fairly durable material and affordable.• Need regular maintenance and care to look its best all the time.• easy to install.

2. LINOLEUM• Natural floor covering made from linseed oil pine resin.• Linoleum is manufactured in matte and polished finishes.• Naturally anti-bacterial surface and available in tile or sheet form.• helpful for complicated shape of room.

3. VINYL• Man made flooring material.• made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).• Durable and water proof.• Deal with wet area like Kitchen and Bathrooms.• Available in variety of colors and patterns, including faux wood and stone effects.• Easy to lay but prone to damage from heavy objects dragged over it.• Available in tiles and sheets.

4. CORK• Natural product ideal for wet areas.• Water and strain resistance.• Available in natural shades of pale to dark brown, green, grey and blue.• Eco-friendly flooring used in commercial buildings.• High level durability materials.• Reduce noise and vibrations.

2. WOOD FLOORING•Many different species of wood are fabricated into wood flooring in two primary forms: plank and parquet.•Hardwoods are typically much more durable than softwoods. Reclaimed lumber has a unique appearance and is used in green (environmentally responsible) building.The few types of wood flooring materials are s follows:-

1. LAMINATES 2. BAMBOO

3. WOODEN FLOORBOARD

4. PARQUETRY FLOOR

1. LAMINATES• One of the cheapest flooring material.• Easy to maintain.• laminates provides a strong, durable surface that can resist burns, scratches and chipping.• Excellent solution for high traffic areas.• Comes in wide range of colour and design.• Use in high moisture room.• Easier to install and more traditional surfaces such as hardwood flooring.

2. BAMBOO FLOORING• Latest addition of flooring types.• Greener solution when compare to traditional flooring materials.• Durable, elegant and come in variety of colour usually ranging from honey brown to light tan.• Provides strong, clean surface but darken over time when exposed to sunlight.•Bamboo flooring should not be left wet.

3. WOODEN FLOOR BOARD• Wood floors are sensitive to moisture, an underlayment such as building paper or a vapor retarder should be laid over the subfloor first.• Solid end-grain blocks come in variable sizes with a 9” block being the most common.

4. PARQUET FLOORING• Parquet means patterns. • Consist of pieces of wood flooring put together to form a decorative pattern.• Available in many geometrical design patterns.• Most parquet floors are forms into a block as a solid unit or as a layer of veneer .

2. HARD FLOORING• Hard flooring is a family of flooring materials that includes concrete/cement, ceramic tiles, glass tiles and natural stone product.

1. CONCRETE FLOORS

5. NATURAL STONES TILES

4. GLASS TILES

2. MARBLE TILES

3. CERAMIC TILES

1. CONCRETE FLOORS

2. MARBLE TILES

• Sustainable option for flooring•Tough and resilient.• Able to withstand the pressure from very heavy equipments such as car, trucks etc.• popular for hard working like garages and warehouses.• Require minimum amount of maintenance.• Long lasting.

• Durable and versatile.• Engrave with stylish textures and designs.• Comes in many colours and different sizes, usually around 12x12”.• Easy to install.• Used for floors, walls and hallway columns.

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3. CERAMIC TILES

4. GLASS TILES

• Used as floor tiles, indoors, or as counter tops.• Water proof flooring materials use in kitchen and bathrooms.• Unglazed ceramic tiles are the best alternative for outdoor flooring.•Finishes available are: matte, embossed, glazed and textures once for anti-slip.•Made from a mixture of clay and fire at high temperature• The biggest drawback is that grout lines could be very hard and difficult to clean.

• Amazing option for tiling in home.• Sustainable, eco-friendly way to decorating house.• Made from sand and recycled glass.• reflects light, which makes home brighter.• Wide range of colours, shapes and finishes.• Easily maintained through the glass cleaner.• Use at swimming pools, outdoor kitchen, and entertainment Areas, bathroom and backsplash area etc.

3. NATURAL STONES FLOORING• Refers to a variety of mountain born materials including Slate, Marble, Laminates, Granite, and sandstone .• Each piece of stone is a unique creation of earth.• Typical natural stone floor tile sizes are 12x12”, 13x13’, 16x16”, and 18x18’.• In natural stone granite is the hardest and densest.• A polished stone surface creates a beautiful glossy shine from the natural reflection of the stone’s crystals

WINDOW DRESSINGS• Window dressing is a term to given to window treatments types serves several purposes.• Its increases privacy and keeps the sun from bursting into a room. Excessive sunlight can damage upholstered fabrics, rugs and leather furniture, as well as harm plants .• Consider several types of window dressing when it is time to install or replace window dressing.

1. Plantation shutters and Blinds

2. Sophisticated Curtains3. Pull-down Roller Shades

4. Sheers5. Roman Shades

6. Valances7. Window Scarf8. Stained Glass

1. PLANTATION SHUTTERS & BLINDS• These are horizontal, wide slats.• Available in 2 to 3 inches wide.• Made of wood or manufactured polyurethane that resemble wood.• When Plantation blinds are purchased readymade, Plantation shutters are carefully measured and are usually custom made to fit inside the window casing.• Custom made shutters are costly while the blinds are a bit less expensive.

2. SOPHISTICATED CURTAINS• This type of curtain usually has room darkening cloths behinds the decorative fabric to block sun light and make it easier to sleep through the day.• It also serves to make the room cooler and somewhat soundproof. • This curtains cost more than average curtains.• Ideal for bedrooms and libraries etc.

3. PULL-DOWN ROLLER SHADES• Comes in wide variety of colors and sizes.• Fit in any window size.• Privacy in the main concern for roller shades.• This shades serve as a good backdrop to window with curtain installed over them.• Look for several things when purchasing roller shades. Consider what the blinds are used for.

4. SHEERS• Window sheers filter sunlight into a room and give windows extra layer that adds architectural interest.• Sheers were once available only in white or ecru.• Now found in every color imaginable, making their use in even more creative and practical.

5. ROMAN SHADES• Roman shades use a pulley system to roll up horizontal layers and lend an air of sophistication to a room.• Primarily made of fabric.• Purchased ready-made but are often custom order to fit.• Hang alone or pair them with sheers or curtains.• Usually have room darkening fabric liners.

6. VALANCES• Runs the length of a curtain rod and ranges from 12 to 36 inches long.• Valances are sometimes fussy and includes a lot of fringe or bedded trim.• Valances gives the window a burst of fashion without creating an entire window that is overly dressed.

7. WINDOW SCARF• Long, trailing length of fabric that drops horizontally atop across the window, over existing drapery.• Modern approach to using it to install the window scarf in a window without drapes.• This concept work best with windows that don’t require covering due to sun exposure.• Minimal look meant to keep windows from looking cluttered.

8. STAINED GLASS• Windows are also dressed by decorating the glass panes in the window.• Commercial adhesive product is available that is peeled off the sheet of paper and pressed onto windows, creating a stained glass appearance.• Many floral scenes and colors are available to choose from.

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WALL FINISHES•Finishing can be considered as either interior finishing or exterior finishing, using materials that may include cladding, doors, windows, exterior trims, paint, and moldings.•It is the final touches placed on a wall that finishes the wall an acceptable visual look

1. Plastering and Painting2. Cladding

3. Motifs4. Fabric wall finish

5. Gypsum Finish6. Paneling

7. Mural8. Wallpapers

3. PLASTERING AND PAINTING•

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