Construction process

Study site :comprehensive

holdings

Study conducted in three divisions:

• Plumbing

• Finish materials

• Electric cable system

• False ceiling

• Paint application

Plumbing

• Kitchen water input and waste water disposal

• Toilet water input (hot and cold)

solid waste and waste water disposal

• Rain water disposal on semi open space (veranda)

Kitchen

Water input - hot

Source : from nearby geezer

Water input – cold

Source : from the duct

Kitchen

Water input points:

1. Sink (hot and cold)

2. Downwash (minimum one point needed)

3. Water purifier

Waste water output points:

1. Sink + downwash

Toilet

Water input source : cold

From the main lines through the duct

Water input source : hot

From the geezer in each separate toilet

Toilet

Hot water input from

Geezer

Waste water disposal

(white pipe)

Solid waste disposal

(grey pipe)

Toilet

Water input points:

1. Wash basin (hot and cold )

2. Water closet a . flush

b . hand shower

3.Bath area: a. tap (hot and cold )

b. hot and cold mixture point

c. shower (hot and cold )

Toilet

Waste water disposal

a. Disposal through dry zone

b. Disposal through wet zone

Solid waste disposal

- through water closet

water input shower

water input

hot and cold mixture

water source tap

water disposal wet zone

water disposal dry zone

Rain water disposal

Rain water is collected through a pipe

and is later usually connected to the

waste water disposal pipe of the toilet

rain water collecting pit

Rain water disposal pipe from the veranda is connected through a separate pipe running down to each floor

R

rain water disposal pipe is connected to the water disposal pipes in the toilet

Finish material

1. Terrazzo mosaic on the floor

2. Terrazzo mosaic on the wall surface

3. Terrazzo mosaic on skirting

4. Kota stone on wall surface

Terrazzo mosaic mixture process

First stone chips and white cement are mixed accordingly

Stone chips white cement

Terrazzo mosaic mixture process

Then binder is added to the mixture

And after that

it is thoroughly mixed

Terrazzo mosaic mixture process

Mixture is ready to use

Terrazzo mosaic mixture process

One important note

the mixture for applying on the walls are much thicker than applied on the floors because while applying on the floor it is spread through the floor and is easier if the mixture is thin but when applying on the walls it has to have the thickness of a putty otherwise it will fall off or just would not stick to the wall surface

Terrazzo mosaic application process (wall surface)

First the marble strip are placed with mortar according to the design

Marble strip on the wall

Terrazzo mosaic application process (wall surface)

Then it is brushed with binder

Terrazzo mosaic application process (wall surface)

After that the mixture is applied with much force so no bubbles or gap remains

Terrazzo mosaic application process (wall surface)

When the mixture loses a bit of moisture the extra mixture is removed and is leveled

Terrazzo mosaic application process (wall surface)

The process is repeated throughout the wall

False ceiling frame

Over view of the false ceiling framework

Detail of the connective piece

Paint application technique (pudding)

The pudding Applying at corners Applying on the ceiling