interim report: weathering testing comparison...the development team is confident of the success of...

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InterimReport:WeatheringTestingComparison

ExecutiveSummaryReplicating and extending the weathering testing process for Lanolin Technologies products and comparing these against commercially available and successful corrosion protection products demonstrated the effectiveness of the chosen active ingredients as thin-film protective coatings.

The 28-day data to demonstrate the effectiveness and comparison information between products will be presented in a separate report. The indications are that the expected protection performance captured in previous tests conducted via this method using wool grease based products has been enhanced using concentrates of refined products with wool grease origins.

Purpose• To conduct standard Weathering Testing in accordance with the standard test methods

for corrosion protection evaluation for coatings, with special provision for temporary coatings, i.e. for a shorter, defined time.

• To understand and interpret results as a comparison with historical testing of similar products developed for a similar purpose and application.

BackgroundThe development of corrosion protection thin-film coatings for a temporary coating application has led to sourcing active ingredients based on lanolin-derived technologies. Building on data that confirms the anecdotal evidence of the effectiveness of lanolin protection in harsh environments, the Lanolin Technologies range of products were subjected exposure weathering testing, and simultaneously, compared with other products in the same market niche.

The development team is confident of the success of these products as corrosion protection films, and this confidence is reflected in the results of this report.

Previously, it was confirmed through chemical analysis that the key characteristics for corrosion inhibition, trace amounts of metals essential in inhibitors, are present in the same proportions in the active formulation ingredients.

Further product development has been to create homogenous liquid products that are faithfully replicated in a standard manufacturing process.

MethodThe test desk set up was designed to mimic the weathering exposure standard for coatings: ASTM D1014, acknowledging that the weathering duration is less for temporary coatings, than paint on standard metal substrates.

The metal coupons used were prepared to ensure that these were weathered to the same standard, and cleaned to be devoid of rust or pitting. The coatings were not applied all over the plates, and the rate and effects of corrosion on some plates demonstrate this effect. The control was placed in the same conditions to demonstrate the effect of a sample substrate with no protection.

The test deck was set up facing east, at a 45° angle, in accordance with convention.


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The application of products was managed through the available application devices as the products are sold, and notwithstanding that these variances create variability in coating thickness, the application methods are the recommendation of the manufacturers, and as such, allow a comparison between products used as per each recommendation.

Refer to layout below for coated coupons.

The coatings are described in Appendix 1: Coating trial selection and comparison

Control C1A C2A C2B C3 C4A

C4B C1B C4C Lanolube 730 Lanolube 735

Lanoseal 773

Early trial 1 Early trial 2 LG 100 grease LA conc. HT110 grease

Fatty Acid conc.

The chief characteristics of coatings were being tested during this exposure:

• Durability • Adhesion • Coverage and application • Fit for Purpose • Examination of failure indicators: cracking, wearing, bubbling, peeling, and loss of

metal

Refer to the weather exposure summary for the region in Appendix 2: Summary of Rainfall and Temperature Ranges for Exposure Location

ResultsThe performance of the coatings for protection was not affected by the application delivery system, except that the concentrates were pasted on due to their relative consistencies. For this reason, the sealing of the surface was more complete, but more difficult to apply. As a protection effect, those raw materials were effective; however as a finished product they are impractical.

The metal coupons were exposed for 68 days, and weighed both after exposure, with the coating, and after cleaning to establish any weight loss due to oxidation.

Coatings

20th August: commencement


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20th September: progress

2nd October: progress

19th October: completion


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Sample No. Initial Weight (g) After Weight (g) Final Weight (g) Difference (g)

1 224 223 221 -3

2 222 223 223 +1

3 221 222 221 0

4 223 223 222 -1

5 223 223 223 0

6 222 223 222 0

7 222 223 222 0

8 224 225 223 -1

9 224 224 224 0

10 224 224 224 0

11 223 223 223 0

12 223 223 223 0

13 223 223 223 0

14 223 223 223 0

15 222 224 222 0

16 221 228 221 0

All Lanolin Technologies products or ingredients

Discussion• The visual result of the metal coupons provides some context for inspection versus

weighing for loss, given that the market for which these products are intended would be dissatisfied to observe what is ostensibly ‘rust’, despite insignificant or no weight loss on measuring;

• The loss values, while ‘rounded figures’ are still significant relative to the overall weight of each coupon. It is acknowledged that smaller, lighter coupons would require a greater level of precision measurement, where the losses are calculated at only two (2) significant figures;

• The selection of the comparison products for the exposure trial was based on previous exposure information and experiential evaluations of these products. It was useful to observe the performance comparison between ‘market leaders’ and the apparent longevity of the coatings developed for corrosion protection applications; and

• The confirmation of the superior performance of lanolin-derived, or products including lanolin, all bar one, was a key distinction for exposure testing. There was one product, which yielded no demonstrable loss, which had no lanolin, and it’s lanolin counterpart, did yield a calculated loss.

Rust

As always, the electrochemical reaction can be described:

4 Fe2+ + O2 —> 4 Fe3+ + 2O2-

which is the chemical representation of the redox reaction of rust formation.

The promotion of rust is usually through acid reduction and can be easily achieved through applications of salt concentrations, water, and heat. The products developed are designed to arrest these reactions and thereby protect the metal surface.


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Many corrosion protection strategies use a variety of coatings products including, but not limited to two-pack epoxy coatings, thermoplastic resin solutions, and heavily formulated rust-inhibiting pigment concentrations forming a hard, sacrificial layer. These layers can be attacked by the weather over time, and begin to chalk and peel in due course.

ProtectionIngredients

Traditional fatty acids form the basis for many petroleum-based lubricants, which then have corrosion protection packages added to the overall product. The result is a complex grease with competing metal salts held in a thick suspension and is slathered on to protect metal surfaces of many varieties, functions, and exposures.

Long-chain alcohol is often an included ingredient to promote both lubricity and durability in some greases, designed for metal protection.

Chemically, both of these products run the risk of acting as mildly acidic in an exposure environment, especially on metal surfaces. Mild acids will pit and corrode metals and are commonly recognised for the artistic effects, or severe cleaning results that can be achieved for purpose.

That neither of these ingredients behaved in this way suggests that the production method of encapsulating the ingredients, neutralising those functional groups, and using the ingredient mimic the way a grease would behave, has been successful.

ConclusionsThe two active ingredients selected for the Lanolin Technologies products are lanolin derived fatty acid complexes and long-chain alcohols. This exposure testing has demonstrated their suitability for corrosion protection formulations both as ingredients, and as complete products.

Each coating recommended for metal protection is never a permanent corrosion solution; these products are designed to be replaced and recoated as the situation demands. The balance of cost for result without over-engineering a coating is the desired outcome, such that asset protection for the end user is achieved with an affordable, safe, and efficient method.

Recommendations• Continue with the process of formulating with the lanolin-derived ingredients; • Capture exposure data for a 28-day periods across differing seasons; • Expand the understanding of the contribution of the metal constituents in the lanolin

concentrates; and • Proceed to trial in the field in saltwater environments, and cold temperature

applications (below 0°C).

References• ASTM D1014: Standard for Conducting Exposure Testing for Coatings on Metals • www.bom.gov.au: climate and historical rainfall and temperature data for Newcastle,

New South Wales, Australia

AppendicesAppendix 1: Coating trial selection and comparison

Appendix 2: Summary of Rainfall and Temperature Ranges for Exposure Location

Appendix 3: Sample images: weathering progress


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Appendix 1: Coating Trial Selection and Comparison

Indicator Coating Type Purpose Application

C1A Synthetic lube with corrosion inhibitor package – OS

All purpose retail water displacement, lubricant,

corrosion protection

Aerosol

C1B Synthetic lube with % lanolin All purpose retail water displacement, lubricant,

corrosion protection

Aerosol

C2A Synthetic lube with corrosion inhibitor package – Australian

Local corrosion inhibitor for retail market

Aerosol

C2B Synthetic lube with % lanolin – Australian made

Local corrosion inhibitor for retail market

Aerosol

C3 Retail automotive product with % lanolin – Australian made

Specific automotive retail aerosol

Aerosol

C4A Lanolin-based technology Australian made

All purpose lubricant and corrosion protection

Trigger spray

C4B Lanolin-based technology Australian made

All purpose lubricant and corrosion protection

Aerosol

C4C Lanolin-based technology Australian made

Metal corrosion protection Aerosol


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Appendix 2: Summary of Rainfall and Temperature Ranges for Exposure Location

Month Temperature (°C) Max. Temperature (°C) Min. Rainfall (mm)

Av. Diff. Av. Diff. Total Av.

August 18.9 +0.8 10.0 +0.7 9.8 72.5

September 19.8 -0.4 12.2 +0.7 100.2 71.9

October 20.3 -1.9 15.5 +1.4 104.2 72.7


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Appendix 3: Sample Images Weathering Progress 3rd September, 2018

interim report: weathering testing comparison...the development team is confident of the success of...

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