WANG Guanglin ， 2013-08-11nathan_wang@126.com

Unit 1: The Intercultural Challenge in International Business Unit 2: Communication: an Intercultural PerspectiveUnit 3: Culture, Language and CommunicationUnit 4: Dimensions of Culture in International Business Unit 5: Cultural Shock and Intercultural AdaptationUnit 6: Intercultural Communication CompetenceUnit 7: Verbal Communication in International BusinessUnit 8: Cultural Translation and International Business Unit 9: Non-verbal Communication in International BusinessUnit 10: Intercultural Business Etiquette and ProtocolUnit 11: Intercultural Marketing CommunicationUnit 12: Intercultural Business NegotiationUnit 13: Intercultural Management CommunicationUnit 14: Team Work & Leadership across CulturesUnit 15: Job Searching Skill in Global Workplace

1. Learning Objective 2. Case and case analysis (including video) 3. Intercultural Business Communication Theories 4. Summary 5. Communication workshop skills 6. Key terms 7. Chapter Review Quiz 8. Study questions

根据高盛集团（Goldman Sachs Group）统计，新兴市场过去 20年股票涨了 5 倍，达到80万亿美元。

根据英国贸易和投资办公室（UK Trade and Investment office (UKTI)）的统计，到2030年， 93%的世界中产阶级将会生活在新兴市场。全球经济与跨文化沟通能力亟待加强。

根据世界贸易组织的研究，到了年末，全球创新1000 强 (Global 1000)中， 70%的工人将会是非母语工作人员。

根据（McKinsey Global Institute）的研究统计，“新兴市场国家只有 13%的大学生适合在跨国公司工作，其不适应的主要原因就是英语技能差”。

环球英语（Global English ） 2010年对152个国家 26000名客户调查， 92%的雇员认为英语对他们工作至关重要。

美国（ The U.S. Department of Education ）指出，到了 21世纪， 60%的工作现有人员中只有 20%能够胜任，因为到了现代社会，交际是生存的重要技能，而他们大多欠缺。

---- 2007年，《哈佛商业评论》 :“那些将更多的资金投入到人才管理中的机构会在各个方面大大超过竞争对手，包括每股收益、毛利率和每个员工的市值”。

Strong communication skills are: necessary for hiring. top skill set sought by employers. critical for promotion. essential for effective job performance. more important now as a result of

technology. learned through instruction and practice.

In today’s Information Age, expect to

work with words, figures, and data think critically make decisions take charge of your career continue learning all your life

Heightened global competition Interconnectedness of cultures Flattened management hierarchies Expanded team-based management Innovative communication

technology New work environments Increasingly diverse workforce

We are what we think. All that we are arises with our

thoughts. With our thoughts we make the world. ---- Gautama Buddha (c. 563 – c. 483

BC)

Chapter objective:By the end of this chapter, you should beable to understand the impact of globalization

on intercultural communication understand to what extent your

reactions, behaviors, and practices are culturally conditioned.

identify, accept and adjust to cultural differences

identify and solve potential problems in intercultural communication

apply communication ideas and concepts to effective practices in intercultural communication

adjust to culturally based differences in communication style and differences in perception

apply and analyze cases related to cultural practices in international business.

Confucius Institute in Slovenia W and H Issue When and where did this story happen? Who was involved? What kind of communication or mis-

communications occurred? How did you feel at the time? How far did you feel the incident was caused

by cultural factors? How was the situation changed after

communication?

‘globalization functions as a set of texts, ideas, goals, values, narratives, dispositions and prohibitions, a veritable template for ordering and evaluating activities, which is “filled in” or inflected with the interests of whoever can access it’ (Tony Schirato, Jen Webb, Understanding Globalization, London: Sage Publications, 2003 : 200)

Theodore Levitt’s (1983) article “Globalization of Markets”.

"We could be sitting here, somebody from New York, London, Boston, San Francisco, all live. And maybe the implementation is in Singapore, so the Singapore person could also be live here .. . That's globalization," Thomas L. Friedman. The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century. Picador I Farrar, Straus and Giroux: New York, 2007. p. 6.

Globophilia vs. Globophobia

China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001

Of top 10 companies in Fortune 500, 3 are Chinese companies, and 92 Chinese companies are listed in Global 500 companies.

The Apple, Volkswagen, NIKE, Starbucks, Coca-Cola, McDonald’s, and Kentucky Fried Chicken are ubiquitous; DuPont; Alcatel;

At the same time, powerful Chinese domestic multinationals such as Huawei, Geely (Jili), Haier, Lenovo, PetroChina and SinoPec are shaking the world with their own economic power.

McDonald’s busiest location is not in US. KFC is available over 11,000 locations in over 80

countries In 2010, Toyota employed 325,905 people in the

world, and As of March 2013, Japan is Toyota's largest hybrid market, with 2.318 million Toyota and Lexus hybrids sold. As of the end of Dec. 2012, Toyota conducts its business worldwide with 52 overseas manufacturing companies in 27 countries and regions. Toyota's vehicles are sold in more than 160 countries and regions.

GM collected revenues of $ 152.2 billion, employed 212,000 people and operated in over 100 countries in 2012.

Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn, Weixin, Weibo as of the end of June 2013, the number

of China’s netizens reached 591 million, an increase of 26.56 million compared to the end of 2012.

Population and energy population and consumption

How can we communicate with members of a culturally diverse workforce in ways that respect difference and help achieve organizational and individual goals?

How do members of the “sandwich generation” cope with the stresses of work and family concerns?

What are the various communication patterns and needs of individuals from different age groups?

How can we use communication technology to design virtual workplaces for employees in a variety of locations?

Diaspora and multiculturalism

The salad bowl Melting pot Cultural mosaic Unity in diversity or

diversity in unity

Al Gore (An Inconvenient Truth ,2006), humanity’s role in climate change and the task governments, businesses, and individuals. (Show film)

December 2005, an earthquake created a tsunami along the coastal areas of 11 Indian Ocean nations, killing an estimated 230,000 people32 and leaving millions homeless.

October 2005, an earthquake in the Kashmir region, claimed as many as 79,000 lives and forced 3.5 million people into refugee camps.

May 2008, an earthquake devastated Sichuan Province in central China.

Economic vs. ecologic Sand storm Air-pollution (PM 2.5) Hot weather Oil leakage Dead pigs phenomenon Lung cancer (air), gastric cancer (food),

liver cancer (water) – Ma Yun

“Culture…is the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from others.”

(Geert Hofstede,Gert Jan Hofstede & Michael Minkov. Cultures and Organizations: Software of The Mind-Intercultural Cooperation and Its Importance for Survival. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2010. p. 6)

Sources of culture

Language

Nationality

Education (general)

Profession (specialized education)

Group (ethnicity)

Religion

Family

Sex

Social class

Corporate or organizational culture

Attitude Perceptions Stereotypes Interpretation Interdependence Cultural Shock Reverse cultural shock

Perception is a conscious sensory experience.

Rubin's vase: What can you get out of this picture?

Culture is learned learning culture through proverbs learning culture through folktales, legends and myths Learning culture through art Learning culture through mass media

Culture is shared Culture is contextual Culture is transmitted from generation to

generation Culture is dynamic Culture is an integrated system

Edward T. Hall. High Context vs. low context

Edward T. Hall. Polychronic vs. mono-chronic

Geert Hofstede. Five Dimensions Trompenaars: Seven Dimensions

Adopted from Mary Ellen Guffey. Business Communication, Process & Product, 6th Edition, Mason OH, South-Western Cengage. 2008, p. 75.

Paradox东西危机舍得 cross-cultural

communication, intercultural communication, interdiscourse communication.

Sender has idea 1

Sender encodes idea in message

2

Message travels over channel

3Receiver decodes message

4

Feedback travels to sender

5

Possibleadditional feedback to receiver

6

Stimulus

Encoding

Understanding

Decoding

Person A Person B

Sending Channel

Feedback Channel

Encoding

Understanding

Decoding

BypassingPoor listening skillsDiffering frames of referenceLack of language skillsEmotional interferencePhysical distractions

聽This Chinese word for listen (Ting), is

composed of 耳、王、十、四、一、心 , which implies that in order to listen effectively, a person needs to

1. use one’s ear to literally hear the words 2. use one’s mouth to express properly 3. to use one’s mind to understand the

words

4. to use one’s eyes to observe the non-verbal messages

5. use one’s heart to understand the feelings of the speaker

6. and it is regarded as an sublime behavior as those who listen carefully are endowed with imperial ears

Realize that communication is imperfect.Adapt the message to the receiver.Improve your language and listening

skills.Question your preconceptions.Encourage feedback.

globalization Globophilia vs. globophobia outsourcing climate change demographics population shifts

transmission model of communication Intercultural communication vs. cross-

cultural communication High context vs. low context Stereotype Cultural shock

1. Explain the following statement: “In studying other cultures, we do so very often from the perspective of our own culture.”

2. Explain how changes in technology, the new global economy, and increases in the world’s population might affect you.

3. Explain how and why communication and culture are linked.

4. Explain the following statement: “When studying intercultural communication, you should be aware of the problems associated with individual uniqueness, stereotyping, objectivity, and assuming communication is a cure-all.”

5. Explain what is meant by the phrase “Communication is contextual.” Can you think of examples of how context has influenced your behavior?

1. How have your country or work been affected by issues such as globalization, climate change, and changing demographics? How do these issues have different effects on different people and different kinds of working environment?

2. What kind of cultural and management changes have been brought about by globalization? To what extent these changes enhance or reduce the quality of life for individuals in different working environments?

3. How would each of the communications discussed in this chapter help to deal with issues in national or international business? For instance, the BP oil spill in USA or food safety issues in China?

4. In small groups, discuss national or domestic news stories from the past week to determine under what circumstances cultures encountering one another display communication.

5. In small groups, discuss your interpretation of the following quote: “Globalization is political, technological, and cultural, as well as economic.”

6. In small groups, identify your culture or sub-culture.

7. Discuss with other members of your class the types of communication problems that have occurred when you have interacted with people from cultures different from your own.

8. In small groups, discuss the various ways in which the dominant culture influences and controls the values, attitudes, and behavior of sub-cultures.

Walmart: www.walmart.com (学生自己网上找案例） 老师设计 3个问题： 1. In its international expansion policy, Wal-Mart

followed the advice of Harvard professor Theodore Levitt, whose famous 1983 paper The Globalization of Markets advocated standardization, not localization: “Gone are accustomed differences in national or regional preference,”… and truly global firms sought to “force suitably standardized products and practices on the entire globe.” Should companies stick to a standardized approach or adapt to local markets?

2. What domestic and global changes are taking place that encourage the international expansion of companies such as Wal-Mart?

3. What other U.S. businesses can you name that have merged with foreign companies or expanded to become multinational in scope? Have you heard of any notable successes or failures?

Compare and contrast Walmart & Carrefour.