interactive questions 06
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
1/63
Human Physiology
INTERACTIVE
MULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONS
The answers are provided.
Explanations of why the alternatives
are unsatisfactory are also offered
D.G. Mackean
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
2/63
These multiple choice questions are similar to the ones set
by the GCSE and IGCSE Examination Boards except that,in some cases, there may be more than one acceptable
answer.
For this reason, even if you select a correct answer at yourfirst attempt, it is worth looking at all the alternatives
(a) to see if there is a better answer and
(b) to see why some of the alternatives areunacceptable
Question 1
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
3/63
Question 1
Iron is an important component of a balanced
diet because it is needed mainly by
(a) the blood
(b) the bones
(c) the brain
(d) the nerves
Question 2
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
4/63
Yes
Iron is an important component ofhaemoglobin,
the red pigment which combines with oxygen in
the red blood cells
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
5/63
No
Iron is not specifically needed by the bones
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
6/63
No
Iron is not specifically needed by the nerves
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
7/63
No
Iron is not specifically needed by the brain
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
8/63
Question 2
Shortage of vitamin D in the diet of children can
lead to
(a) poor night vision
(b) anaemia
(c) deformed bones
(d) bleeding gums
Question 3
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
9/63
No
It is shortage ofvitamin A (retinol) which is a cause
of poor night vision, as well as reduced resistance
to disease
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
10/63
No
A shortage ofiron can be one cause of anaemia
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
11/63
Yes
A shortage of vitamin D (calciferol) causes defective
incorporation of calcium into the bones, which therefore
remain soft and are easily deformed. This condition isknown as rickets
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
12/63
No
A shortage ofvitamin C(calciferol) can be one cause
of bleeding gums
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
13/63
Question 3
The final digestion products of proteins are
(a) sugars
(b) glycerols
(c) fatty acids
(d) amino acids
Question 4
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
14/63
No
Sugars (e.g. glucose and fructose) are the final digestion
products ofcarbohydrates, such as starch
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
15/63
No
Glycerol is one of the products offat digestion
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
16/63
No
Fatty acids are one of the products of digestion offats
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
17/63
Yes
The final digestion products ofproteins are amino acids
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
18/63
Question 4
In the small intestine, the villi
(a) speed up digestion
(d) secrete digestive enzymes
(c) increase the absorptive surface
(b) propel food through the intestine
Question 5
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
19/63
No
The villi speed up absorption
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
20/63
Food is propelled through the alimentary canal by a
muscular process calledperistalsis
No
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
21/63
Yes
The numerous, finger-like processes called villi, greatly
increase the absorptive surface of the small intestine
Section of small
intestine opened
to show villi
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
22/63
No
The villi contain enzymes but they do not secrete them
into the intestine
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
23/63
Question 5
When the ventricles contract, blood is forced into
(d) the pulmonary artery
(a) the aorta
(b) the vena cava
(c) the pulmonary artery and the aorta
Question 6
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
24/63
Yes but
Contraction of the left ventricle forces blood into the aorta,
but the right ventricle is contracting at the same time
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
25/63
No
The vena cava brings blood to the right ventricle
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
26/63
Yes
Contraction of the left ventricle forces blood into the
aorta. Contraction of the right ventricle forces blood
into the pulmonary artery
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
27/63
Yes but
Contraction of the right ventricle forces blood into the
pulmonary artery but remember that the left ventricle is
also contracting.
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
28/63
Question 6
In the lungs, gaseous exchange takes place in
(a) the alveoli
(b) the bronchioles
(c) the bronchi
(d) the trachea
Question 7
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
29/63
Yes The alveoli are tiny air pockets at the endsof the bronchioles. Oxygen from the air
diffuses into the blood capillaries in theirwalls and carbon dioxide diffuses out
bronchi
trachea
lung
bronchiole
alveoli
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
30/63
No
The bronchioles are the fine tubes which carry air to the
alveoli but significant gaseous exchange does not take
place here
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
31/63
No
The bronchi are the wide tubes which branch repeatedly
to form the bronchioles. No significant gaseous
exchange takes place here.
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
32/63
No
The trachea is the wide tube leading from the
back of the mouth and dividing into bronchi. No
significant gaseous exchange takes place here
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
33/63
Question 7
Which of the following are excretory organs?
(a) The lungs
(b) The skin
(c) The kidneys
(d) The large intestine
Question 8
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
34/63
Yes
The lungs excrete carbon dioxide which is a waste
product of cellular respiration.
They also expel water vapour some of which could be a
waste product of respiration, but this is incidental totheir main function and an inevitable consequence of the
moist lining of the alveoli
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
35/63
No
Sweat, from the sweat glands in the skin, contains salt
(sodium chloride) but this is incidental to the main function
of sweat production (cooling the body). The sweat glands do
not produce sweat in response to an increase in sodiumchloride in the blood and are not, therefore, organs of
excretion.
In fact, loss of salt which results from prolonged sweating
can be harmful.
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
36/63
Yes
The kidneys excrete, urea, uric acid, excess salts and the
breakdown products of hormones or drugs. These
substances are all waste products of the bodys
metabolism.
The kidneys also excrete excess water, some of which has
been produced in the process of respiration.
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
37/63
No
The contents of the large intestine are largely made up of
undigested vegetable matter (fibre), bacteria and water.
These have not been incorporated into the body or
taken part in chemical changes in the body so they arenot excretory products.
The process of expelling faeces is egestion, not excretion
The break down products of bile pigments, which colourthe faeces, are excretory products but are excreted by the
liver
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
38/63
Question 8
The graphs represent the relative
concentrations of 3 female
hormones in the blood over a 28day period. In which period is
fertilisation (conception) most
likely to occur?
Days
oestrogen
follicle-stimulating
hormone progesterone
(d) Days 20 - 24
(c) Days 13-16
(b) Days 10 -12
(a) Days 1 - 5
Question 9
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
39/63
No
This is the period when menstruation is taking place
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
40/63
Although the concentration of oestrogen is high, there
is unlikely to be an ovum present in the oviduct at this
stage
No
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
41/63
Yes
Follicle-stimulating hormone is one of the hormones that
triggers the release of an ovum from the ovary (ovulation).
Assuming the ovum can survive for a day, and sperms can
survive for 2 days this is thefertile periodwhen conceptionis most likely
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
42/63
No
The ovum is unlikely to survive into this period. The
increase in progesterone causes the lining of the uterus
to thicken in preparation for the ovum, if it has been
fertilised
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
43/63
Question 9
Which of the following are the likely effects of release ofadrenaline from the adrenal gland into the bloodstream?
(d) The heart rate increases
(c) The skeletal muscles relax
(a) The rate and depth of breathing increases
(b) The liver converts glucose in the blood to glycogen
Question 10
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
44/63
Yes
Adrenaline is the fight or flight hormone and prepares
the body for action. An increase in the rate and depth of
breathing gets more oxygen into the blood. This means
that more prolonged activity can occur.
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
45/63
No
Adrenaline causes the liver to convert its glycogen store to
glucose which is released into the bloodstream where it
becomes available for rapid muscular contraction.
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
46/63
No
Adrenaline causes the muscles to tense up in preparation
for flight or fight
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
47/63
Yes
An increased heart rate helps to supply extra oxygen
and glucose to the muscles for their heightened
activity during flight or fight
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
48/63
Question 10
Which of the following are reflex actions?
(d) You blink when a particle of sand blows
into your eye
(c) You walk without thinking about it
(b) You automatically move the handlebars of your
bicycle to steer or to keep your balance
(a) You jump in response to a sudden and
unexpected loud noise
Question 11
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
49/63
Yes
You have no control over whether you jump or not.
This is a reflex action
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
50/63
Although this happens without your having to think about it,
it is a learned reaction and not a reflex. An acquired skill is
not a reflex
No
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
51/63
Although this happens without your having to think about it,
it is a learned reaction and not a reflex. An acquired skill is
not a reflex
No
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
52/63
You have no control over whether you blink or not
Yes
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
53/63
Question 11
A
B
C
D
The drawing represents the
skeleton and muscles of the leg.When the leg straightens to thrust
the body forwards, which of the
following is the correct sequence?
(a)A contracts, B relaxes,
C relaxes, D contracts
(b) B contracts,A relaxes,
D contracts, C relaxes
(c)A contracts, B relaxes,
C contracts, D relaxes
(d)A contracts, B contracts,
C relaxes, D relaxes
Question 12
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
54/63
IfD contracts, itflexes the foot at the ankle. The foot
must be extendedif it is to push the body forwards
No
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
55/63
IfB contracts, it will flex (bend) the leg at the
knee. This will not help to push the body forward
IfD contracts, itflexes the foot at the ankle. The foot
must be extendedif it is to push the body forwards
No
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
56/63
A
A contracts and extends
(straightens) the leg at
the knee
C contracts and
extends (straightens)
the foot at the ankle
These two movements
make the leg push
against the groundand thrust the body
upwards and forwardsB and D must be relaxed to allow
their antagonistic muscles to
contract
B
C
D
contracts
relaxes
contracts
relaxes
Yes
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
57/63
IfC and D both relax, there will be nothing to
support the ankle and you will fall flat on your face
No
A and B are antagonistic muscles. If they both tryto contract there will be no movement. However,
the tension in both must be retained in order to
hold the body upright in a standing position
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
58/63
Question 12
Which of the following is the best definition of
homeostasis in mammals?
(d) Maintaining a constant body mass
(a) Keeping the body temperature constant
(b) Maintaining a constant internal environment
(c) Getting rid of the waste products of metabolism
as fast as they accumulate
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
59/63
No
Keeping the body temperature within limits is only one aspect
of homeostasis
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
60/63
Yes
This is the best definition (provided you know what it means)
The internal environment refers mainly to the blood, lymph
and tissue fluid. Homeostasis involves all the processes which
keep the temperature and composition of these fluids within
narrow limitsThe lungs control the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The
kidneys eliminate excretory products and maintain the
concentration.
The skin helps to regulate the temperatureThe liver controls the concentration of glucose
And the brain, nervous system and endocrine system
control them all
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
61/63
No
This is just one aspect of homeostasis. The kidneys get rid
of the waste products of metabolism as fast as they
accumulate and control the amount of water retained in the
body
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
62/63
No
Even in a mature animal, the body mass will fluctuate with
the seasons, the activity and the availability of food.
With an immature animal the body mass will increase
-
7/31/2019 Interactive Questions 06
63/63
End of questions
End show
Back to start