interactive cargo project kick-off...12 iata interactive cargo webinar 24 september 2020 the goal is...

Interactive Cargo

24 September 2020

IATA Digital Cargo Webinars

Your host today

Sonia Ben HamidaProject Manager Interactive Cargo

IATA

Henk MulderHead Digital Cargo

Thank you to all our sponsors!

https://www.paycargo.com/

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http://www.iata.org/en/events/e-cargo/

Episode 4: Interactive Cargo

Part 1

Part 2

Part 3

Part 4

Part 5

The IATA Interactive Cargo project: Making cargo talk!Sonia Ben Hamida, IATA

How the use of connected devices will revolutionize the air cargo journey? Paul Rodwell, OnAsset Intelligence Inc

Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learned from success storiesMaría Poveda Villalón, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Importance of a common data model for the IoT in LogisticsLiam Forde, Ericsson

Allowing Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs) operation in an aircraftMayte Iniguez Yarza, European Aviation Safety Agency

Part 6What progress has been made in the certification of PEDs onboard aircraft?Thiemo Stadtler, Airbus

Part 1

The IATA Interactive Cargo project: Making cargo talk!

2020 Digital Cargo Webinars

Sonia Ben HamidaProject Manager Interactive Cargo,

IATA

The Time to Prepare for COVID-19 Vaccine Transport is Now

iata.org/en/pressroom/pr/2020-09-09-01

https://www.iata.org/en/pressroom/pr/2020-09-09-01/

24 September 2020

Air cargo is an essential

component of cross-border e-commerce

iata.org/en/programs/cargo/cargo-operations/e-commerce-logistics

https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/cargo-operations/e-commerce-logistics/

Our vision

To equip airlines and the air cargo supply chain with responsive air cargo services based on intelligent systems able to:

• self-monitor;

• send real-time alerts;

• respond to deviation to meet customers’ expectations;

• and report on the cargo journey to allow data-driven improvements.

11

Making cargo talk

IATA Interactive Cargo Webinar

Locate

Track

Notify / Alert

Monitor

Respond

Objectives and key deliverables

24 September 2020IATA Interactive Cargo Webinar12

The goal is to provide stakeholders in the air cargo supply chain with a set of standards and guidance documents to enable and ease the use of connected devices for interaction with cargo.

Interactivity Characterization Device Certification

Data Use Agreement Pilots for Operational Validation

Vision of Interactive Cargo data capture and sharing

Data elements required for Interactive Cargo

Implementation of interactive cargo data capture and sharing

Vision of the use of connected devices in the air cargo industry

Standard certification process for connected devices

Adoption and use of connected devices

Legend

Policy Paper

Recommended Practice (RP)

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

Pilots

Development of pilot projects

Validated and updated SOPs

Data use charter? TBD

Data use agreement part of the condition of carriage? TBD

Data Use Agreement (DUA)

Interactivity CharacterizationHow to integrate Interactive Cargo requirements into ONE Record?

• Understand what interactions we want to achieve

• Define what we want to capture/measure

• Identify the data elements required

• Agree on a standard / common language

• Integrate the data elements into the ONE Record data model

• Identify and define business rules as appropriate

BusinessNeeds

DataElements Data

Model &Business Rules

• Understand the technical constraints

• Understand the regulatory framework (e.g. FAA, EASA)

• Understand the current certification process

• Identify the pain points

• Define the priorities

• Identify commonalities and harmonization potential

• Set standard for connected device certification process

As-isAnalysis

IndustryChallenges Industry

Standard

Device CertificationHow to set a standard certification process?

• Understand risks related to the use of Interactive Cargo Data

• Understand the data legal framework with regard to tracking devices

• Identify the mitigation risks

• Describe the use/disclosure and outlines parameters of specific purpose

• Agree on a Data Use Agreement, either under a charter or an amendment of the conditions of carriage

RisksMitigation

Actions Data UseAgreement

Date Use AgreementWhat are the rules around the use and disclosure of the data?

Pilots for Operational ValidationHow to verify the set of standards are fit for purpose?

• Stakeholders

• Scope (i.e. business process)

• Deliverables

• Timeline

• Project team

• Roles & responsibilities

• Organization structure

• Stage-gate process

• Project committee

• Key Performance Indicators

PilotDefinition

PilotOrganization Pilot

Governance

Project timeline: Key milestones


MAY JUL OCTJUN AUG NOV DECSEP Q4Q2Q1 Q3

2020 2021

Interactive Cargo Task Force Kickoff

Interactivity Characterization

Device Certification

Data Use Agreement

Policy Papers

Recommended Practices

COVID19 Emergency Response PlanONE Record / Interactive Cargo Pilot Projects

Interactive CargoPilot Projects

DEC 2021

DEC 2020

DEC 2021

Data Use Agreement

Standard Operating Procedures

Task Force Participants


The Task Force is composed of more than 50 participants representing the whole supply chain:

Shipper Freight Forwarder Ground Handler AirlineInternational or

National Organization

Aircraft Manufacturer Device Manufacturer ULD Manufacturer IT Service Provider

IATA WebsiteAdvocacyCampaign

News &

Articles

Istanbul, Turkey9 - 11 March 2021

Digital Cargo Conference

World CargoSymposium

Communication & Engagement

Raising industry awareness and adoption

http://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/e/interactive-cargo

https://www.iata.org/en/events/e-cargo/

https://www.iata.org/en/events/wcs/

How to get involved?

Contact us at:

[email protected]

Website:

iata.org/interactive-cargo

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.iata.org/interactive-cargo/

Part 2

How the use of connected devices will revolutionize the air cargo journey?


Paul RodwellInternational Business Development

OnAsset Intelligence Inc

Cognitive LogisticsThe evolving capabilities of connected cargo, aircraft & infrastructure

IATA Interactive Cargo24 September 2020

IoT enables levels of granularity

Throughout production storage and transport in the supply chain

Industrial scale BLE already deployed for Tools | Stands | Components | Reusable Packaging | Trucks |Aircraft

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is at the cutting edge of smart, connected technology.

Production Facilities Warehouse Trucks and Trailers Aircraft

In globally deployed assets

Unilode accelerates the digital transformation for ULD management with a digital solution based on aviation compliant BLE 5 tags fully embedded into the structure of the ULD – all supported by a global cellular reader infrastructure - fixed and mobile

…and smart - real time piece level visibility in the supply

chain

• Life saving cell and gene therapies demand exacting quality standards which are substantially improved with visibility throughout the supply chain – countless “saves” attributed to real-time tracking and monitoring

• Vaccine temperature stability is essential for efficacy. Real time monitoring will contribute significantly to the integrity of global supply as it evolves

Worldwide mobile device ecosystems power robust visibility networksBluetooth is a ubiquitous cost-effective enabler - the connectivity that binds asset data in the network

A new global standard

Connected solutions deliver business value

Where is my consignment now – in real time, not the last reported event?

Is the condition compliant with temperature and other requirements?

On schedule or not?

Optimization of deployed assets

IoT enabling end-to-end clarity

Currently an exchange of data with high manual event based content

IOT delivers cohesive and seamless location and status data autonomously

Our everyday use of phones to function

Delivering substantial amounts of information and not just to you . . .

Enabling countless transactions

Changing thoughts and perceptions and modifying actions and plans

So why not give assets and consignments the same tools to revolutionize the way they interact with their location?

Digitally enabling the supply chain

A Smart package booking its own transportation . . .

A Smartbox collection point for IoT devices to monitor stock levels and arrange collection and optimize delivery and restock . . .

An Intelligent asset talking to an AI platform to help plan a route and optimize the providers . . .

A ULD talking to an aircraft to inform its real-time loading, positioning and handling status before takeoff (and during flight) . . .

A shipment directing a drone to come collect it and drop it off at the destination (all the while informing you of location, condition and security status) . . .

It’s already happening

Machine and component visibility

Global consignment and piece level visibility

ULD and asset visibility

On-ground and Inflight visibility

AI enablement

Cognitive Logistics™

Compliance

The critical component of a visibility solution

Quality componentsQuality constructionQuality operations

No compromise

Facts and fiction

Huge growth in IoT devices and solutionsPoints to evaluate -

• Communications approvals• Quality construction standards• Battery compliance and performance• Aviation approval • Global connectivity• Interoperability for piece level• Cloud platform• API + SDK

InteroperabilityA cohesive network relies on connectivity

• Digital enablement• Bluetooth roaming network• Regulatory compliance• Security |Encryption | Authentication • Messaging protocols• Device performance

Part 3

Ontologies for the Internet of Things: an overview and lessons learned from success stories


María Poveda VillalónAssistant Professor

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt

from success stories

@[email protected] On-line24 September 2020

María Poveda-Villalón

Ontology Engineering Group

ETSI Informáticos

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain

Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt from success stories © María Poveda-Villalón

Licence

39

▪ © María Poveda Villalón - Ontology Engineering Group

▪ The materials for this session has been elaborated by María Poveda

Villalón reusing content generated by the following OEG colleagues:

o Raúl Garcia Castro

Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt from success stories © María Poveda-Villalón 40

Directors: Asunción Gómez-Pérez, Oscar Corcho

Position: 3º ranking UPM (200 groups)

Research group (30 people)

o 3 Full Professors

o 5 Associate Professors

o 3 Assistant Professors

o 7 Senior Postdocs

o 6 PhD Students

o 2 MSc and BSc Students

o 2 software engineers

o 1 system administrator

o 2 project managers

170+ Collaborations

50+ Visitors

http://www.oeg-upm.net/ https://github.com/oeg-upm @oeg-upm

Since 1995

http://www.oeg-upm.net/

https://github.com/oeg-upm

https://twitter.com/oeg_upm

Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt from success stories © María Poveda-Villalón 41

Education

• Journal papers• Conference papers• Book chapters• Workshop & demo papers• Journal editor• WS proc. editor

Publications

Software

• Workshops• Tutorials, VoCamp• Open Data Day• PC member Conf & WS

Organization

• W3C participation• OWL, RDF, JENA, JAVA• OpenRefine• Public speaking

Skills

• MOOCs, SPOCs,• Ad-hoc courses

Training

María Poveda-Villalón, PhDOntological Engineering

[email protected]

@MariaPovedaV

mariapoveda

thepetiteontologist

MariaPovedaVillalon

• IoT: SAREF, VICINITY• Web Of Things• Video games• Scientific reviews• Dataset profiling: agri• Meteorology• Patient safety

Ontologies

• European• Spanish

Projects

Ontology Development Ontology Evaluation

PublicationLinked Open DataSemantic Web

Ontology Conceptualization

Computer Science (Eng)

PhD Artificial Intelligence

MsC Artificial Intelligence

2009

2010

2016H-index 19

12

7

7

10

1434 citations

8

25

1

5

42

4

8

2

RDF(S)/OWL RDF


https://twitter.com/MariaPovedaV

https://github.com/mariapoveda

http://thepetiteontologist.wordpress.com/

https://www.slideshare.net/MariaPovedaVillalon/


Ontologies and Semantic Web

42

Vocabularies define the concepts and relationships used to describe and

represent an area of concern.

Definition taken from: http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/ontology

▪ Ontologies offer many benefits

o Semantics

o Interoperability

• Languages

• Granularity

• Formats

• Schemas

o Disambiguation

o Reasoning

o REUSE


Where to find ontologies

43

https://lov.linkeddata.es

▪ Linked Open

Vocabularies

▪ Mission: promote and

facilitate the reuse of

well documented

vocabularies in the

Linked Data ecosystem

▪ Vocabularies registry and

index

▪ Datalift

o http://datalift.org/

▪ Started at 2011

▪ Hosted by OEG

39 IoT ontologies

only in LOV, there

are other registries

https://lov.linkeddata.es/

http://datalift.org/


Semantic Sensor Network Ontology (SSN)

44

Images taken from https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-ssn/

Semantic Sensor Network Ontology – W3C Standard Ontology https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-ssn/

❑ 1st version 2011

• 10 modules (1 file)

• Based on Stimulus-Sensor-Observation pattern

❑ 2nd version 2017

• + Actuator

• - Device

• Modularization

https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-ssn/

https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-ssn/


SAREF (Smart Applications REFerence) ontology evolution

45

2013: SMART 2013/0077 Standardization InitiativeEuropean Commission & ETSI EC SmartM2M• Agreed semantics for smart appliances• Build a reference ontology

2015: 1st version2017: • SAREF4ENER• SAREF4ENVI• SAREF4BLDG2019: 2nd version • SAREF4CITY• SAREF4INMA• SAREF4AGRI2020: SAREF portal + 3rd version• SAREF4AUTO • SAREF4EHAW• SAREF4WEAR• SAREF4WATR

HTML documentation and code for ontologies

online (3rd party permanent URIs)

https://saref.etsi.org/

Image taken from https://saref.etsi.org/core/

https://saref.etsi.org/

https://saref.etsi.org/core/


Using different extensions

46

SAREF

oneM2M Base Ontology

W3C

OWL Time

Smart City

W3C

SSN/SOSA

W3C

OWL Time

W3C

WGS_84

W3C

Org

ISA

CPSV

Dublin

Core

OGC

Geo SPARQL

Ont.

measurements

Building

EnergyEnvironment

Industry &

Manufacturing

Agriculture

AutomotiveWearableseHealth &

Ageing wellWater

Temple St.

Mai

nSt

.

Bo

ld S

t.


Standard ontologies also reuse other standard and well-known ontologies

47

GeoSPARQL

Geo wgs84

ISA2 Public

Service

FOAF

ORG

ontologyTime

ontology

SSN/SOSA

Dublin Core


Context aware system for precision irrigation example

48

Images taken from https://doi.org/10.3390/app10051803 thanks to Duy Nguyen

Nguyen, Quang-Duy, et al. "Development

Experience of a Context-Aware System for

Smart Irrigation Using CASO and IRRIG

Ontologies." Applied Sciences 10.5 (2020)

https://doi.org/10.3390/app10051803

Requirement SOSA/SSN SAREF

R1 Deployment ssn:Deployment

R1.1 Deployment time

R1.2 Deployment location (*)

R2 Platform sosa:Platform

R3 Network configuration

R3.1 Network topology

R3.2 Network communication

R3.3 Node status saref:State

R3.4 Node role saref:Task

R3.5 Node location (*)

R4 Device ssn:System saref:Device

R4.1 Sensor sosa:Sensor saref:Sensor

R4.2 Actuator sosa:Actuator saref:Actuator

R4.3 System componency ssn:hasSubSystem saref:consistsOf

R4.4 Domain specific devices

R5 Measurement sosa:Observation (*) saref:Measurement

saref:UnitOfMeasure (*)

R5.1 Domain specific units of measurement

R6 Property ssn:Property saref:Property

R6.1 Domain specific properties

R7 Feature of interest sosa:FeatureOfInterest

R7.1 Feature of interest depth (*)

R8 Action sosa:Procedure saref:Function

saref:Command

R8.1 Domain specific actions

R9 Crop




VICINITY → Reuse & Seed for other ontologies

49

Extending the properties for the particular

sensors and actuators


VICINITY → Reuse & Seed for other ontologies

50


Take away messages

51

▪ Modularization

▪ Reuse

o Ontology Language

• OWL (based on RDF data model use in the Semantic Web

and Linked Data)

o Methodologies

• LOT (Industrial Methodology for ontologies)

http://lot.linkeddata.es used in SAREF extensions, VICINITY,

BIMERR, CASO&IRRIG, etc.

o Technology

• Software available for OWL and RDF

• Protégé + LOT technology suite

o Other ontologies

• Linked Open Vocabularies: https://lov.linkeddata.es

▪ Share!

o Best Practices for Implementing FAIR Vocabularies and

Ontologies on the Web https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.13084

http://lot.linkeddata.es/

https://lov.linkeddata.es/

https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.13084


Questions?

52

@MariaPovedaV

mpovedavillalon

mariapoveda MariaPovedaVillalon

[email protected]

Thanks for your attention!

https://twitter.com/MariaPovedaV

https://www.linkedin.com/in/mpovedavillalon/

https://github.com/mariapoveda

https://www.slideshare.net/MariaPovedaVillalon/

http://thepetiteontologist.wordpress.com/



Some useful links

53

▪ LOT (Industrial Methodology for ontologies)

o URL: http://lot.linkeddata.es

▪ OnToology

o URL: http://ontoology.linkeddata.es

o GitHub: https://github.com/OnToology/OnToology/

▪ vocab.linkeddata.es

• URL: http://vocab.linkeddata.es/

• GitHub: https://github.com/mariapoveda/vocab.linkeddata.es/

▪ vocabLite

o GitHub: https://github.com/dgarijo/vocabLite

▪ Widoco

o Github: https://github.com/dgarijo/Widoco/

▪ OOPS!

o Web application: http://oops.linkeddata.es/

o Web service: http://oops-ws.oeg-upm.net/

Zivkovic, Carna, Yajuan Guan, and Christoph Grimm. "IoT Platforms, Use Cases,

Privacy, and Business Models.” http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45316-9

http://lot.linkeddata.es/

http://ontoology.linkeddata.es/

https://github.com/OnToology/OnToology/

http://vocab.linkeddata.es/

https://github.com/mariapoveda/vocab.linkeddata.es/

https://github.com/mariapoveda/vocab.linkeddata.es/

http://ontoology.linkeddata.es/

http://oops.linkeddata.es/

http://oops-ws.oeg-upm.net/

http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45316-9

Part 4

Importance of a common data model for the Internet of Things in Logistics


Liam FordeSolution Architect

Ericsson

Importance of a common data model for IoT in Logistics

IATA Interactive Cargo Webinar Liam Forde Ericsson 2020-09-16

About me

Liam Forde

Solution Architect at Ericsson ONE

Gartner Says 5.8 Billion Enterprise and Automotive IoT Endpoints Will Be in Use in 2020(increase of 21% from 2019)

There Will be 41 Billion IoT Devices by 2027businessinsider

IoT Value in Logistics

Track & Trace

Condition Monitoring

Automated Handling Events

Connecting Things - Integration between IoT and the Logistic world

SHIPPER FORWARDER CARRIER TERMINAL FACTORY, RETAIL,

CONSUMER

TRANSPORTERAUTHORITY

IoT Value - Condition Monitoring & Automation”Container X has arrived at Recieving location Y at 14:35 CET. My digital twin address is http://logisticsco.com/containerX”

”This is Container X, I’m reporting a temperature of 32 degress celius which is outside the transport agreements policy. This occured at Recieving location Y at 14:52 CET. Shipper, Reciever and you have been notified”.

”Thankyou Container X please park in bay 1. Unloader A is ready to start your unloading. ”

”Thats concerning Container X. I’ve created a report and requested a maintenance team to urgently attend. Please park in bay 9 and await further instructions.

IoT Architecture

Things

Connectivity

Device and Connectivity Management

Contextual Layer

IoL

Enterprise Applications

Things

●Containers, ULDs, Packages, Pallets – Billions

●Device Manufacturers – Hundreds / Thousands

●Devices types - Thousands

●Standardization efforts e.g LwM2M, OneDM, OneM2M etc - Many

●Other challenges – Battery, Cost, Trust and quality of sensors

IoT Architecture

Things

Connectivity


Contextual Layer

IoL

Enterprise Applications

Connectivity

●GSM, LTE, CAT-M, NB-IoT, 5G

●Roaming

●Coverage


●Managing lifecycle of Billions of connections and devices

●Security

●Transformation

IoT Architecture

Things

Connectivity


Contextual Layer

IoL

Enterprise Applications Contextual

●Filter out the noise and provide meaning to the data.

●Share the information with interested parties.

●Business rules driven.

IoT Data Model Initiatives

IPSO OMA

OMA Specworks

LwM2M

• SenML

Zigbee Aliance

SDFOneDM

OneM2M

WoTSSN

OCF

Less Semantic More Semantic

Alljoyn

IoTivity

Zigbee

OneM2M

IoT in Logistics - Why Now?

— Cost of devices reducing

— Performance of device improving

— Connectivity improving, especially with 5G

— Cellular positioning improving

— AI and Machine Learning rapidly developing

— Ecosystem of IOT Innovators

Part 5

Allowing Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs) operation in an aircraft: the regulatory framework


Mayte Iniguez YarzaElectrical Systems Senior ExpertEuropean Aviation Safety Agency

Allowing PED operation – regulatory framework

Mayte Iniguez YarzaEASA Electrical Systems Expert

TE.GEN.00409-001

What is a Portable Electronic Device (PED) and how has its use evolved?

Any kind of electronic device brought on board the aircraft such as a tablet, a laptop, a smartphone, or IoT devices.

68

In the past, restrictions in the use of PEDs on board aircraft.

In 2013, use of PEDs for almost the whole flight duration, in ‘aeroplane

mode’.

From 2014, use of PEDs throughout the flight,

regardless of whether the device is transmitting or not.

What is the EU regulatory framework?

As per Regulation (EU) 965/2012 on air operations (requirement CAT.GEN.MPA.140), it is the operator’s responsibility to authorize the use of PED on board an aircraft, after having ensured that it has no impact on the safe operations of the aircraft.

69

AMC and Guidance material in Part-CAT (Decision 2014/029/R)

AMC1 CAT.GEN.MPA.140 Technical prerequisites

GM1 CAT.GEN.MPA.140 Definitions

GM2 CAT.GEN.MPA.140 Various issues

GM3 CAT.GEN.MPA.140 Cargo tracking devices

AMC2 CAT.GEN.MPA.140 Procedures for use

What are the risks?

RF energy radiated by PEDs may potentially be a source of interference:

• if it induces unwanted responses by direct coupling into an aircraft electronic equipment (back door coupling) – PEDs intended emissions –malfunction of aircraft electronic systems creating failures with Major, HAZ or even CAT severities.

• if it falls in the frequency range of the communication and navigation systems (front door coupling) – PEDs spurious emissions -Possible disturbance of communication and navigation systems, which may be CAT in critical phases of flight (low visibility approach operation)

EASA 2017 STC Workshop 70

Certification vs operational aspects

71

The Supplemental Type Certificates(STCs) and Type Certificates (TCs) canestablish PED tolerant aircraft as partof the TC or STC that would supportoperator tolerance.

An aircraft can be certified PEDtolerant using the guidelinescontained in CM ES-003 to:

•all types of PEDs (including all transmissiontechnologies in any location of the aircraft),

•or only specific to certain wirelesstechnologies, PEDs locations, operation incertain phases of flight.

The PED tolerance certification can beused by the operators to cover theEMI demonstration required in theoperation rules.

The operator may need to restrictPED operation if the aircraft PEDtolerance is not total.

There may be other reasons forairliners restricting the use of PEDs asa result of operational/localregulatory requirements.

CER

TIFI

CA

TIO

NO

PER

ATIO

NS

Zoom on cargo tracking devices

• A cargo tracking device (CTD) is any kind of PED attached to or included in airfreight.

• EASA does neither certify nor approve cargo tracking devices. There are no requirement to obtain a certificate from EASA to operate these devices.

• EASA has stopped issuing Non/Technical Objection Letters for Cargo tracking devices in 2019. AMC1 CAT.GEN.MPA.140 include alternative ways to demonstrate EMI compatibility for CTD.

➢ Operators remain responsible to authorize the use of CTD on board their aircraft.

Practical information for CTDs is published in the EASA website: https://www.easa.europa.eu/the-agency/faqs/cargo-tracking-devices

72

https://www.easa.europa.eu/the-agency/faqs/cargo-tracking-devices

Acceptable Means of Compliance

73

The Acceptable Means of Compliance to demonstrate safe operation of the PEDs in an aircraft from EMC perspective are identical in the Operational rules and in the Certification requirements:

Note: as per operational rules, front-door coupling assessment is only needed if PED operation is intended in low-visibility approach

Back Door Coupling

EUROCAE ED-239 /RTCA DO-307A Section 3 or,

EUROCAE ED-130A / RTCA DO-363 Section 6.

Front Door Coupling

EUROCAE ED-239 / RTCA DO-307A Section 4 or,

EUROCAE ED-130A / RTCA DO-363 Section 5

EMI demonstration guidelines

74

A CPED (controlled PED) is any kind of PED subject to administrative control by the operator using it

IPL: Interference Path Loss - The amount of energy lost traveling from the PEDs inside the aircraft to the aircraft radio receiver is the Interference Path Loss

Back Door Coupling

• Aircraft is HIRF certified + assess CVR and FDR

• Perform aircraft EMI ground test as per ED-130A/ RTCA DO-363 section 6 for all systems with CAT, HAZ and Major FCs

• If low-powered emissions (EIRP < 100 mW) it is considered that the risk of backdoor interferences can be neglected.

Front Door Coupling

• IPL measurements as per ED-130A/ RTCA DO-363 section 5

• For CPEDs qualification to EUROCAE ED-14E/RTCA DO-160E (or later revisions), Section 21, Category H, for operation in areas not accessible during the flight

Lithium battery requirements

From AMC1 CAT.GEN.MPA.140:

Lithium-type batteries in C-PEDs and cargo tracking devices should meet:

(1) United Nations (UN) Transportation Regulations, ‘Recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods - manual of tests and criteria’, UN ST/SG/AC.10/11; and one of the following standards:

UL 1642; UL 2054; UL 60950-1; IEC 62133; RTCA DO-311; ETSO C142a

Capacity of the batteries in the PEDs that can be carried on board is limitedby the ICAO Doc. 9284, Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (2g Lithium for Lithium metal, 100Wh for Lithium ion, up to 160Wh under operator approval)

EASA 2017 STC Workshop 75

Thank you.

Part 6

What progress has been made in the certification of Portable Electronic Devices onboard aircraft?


Thiemo StadtlerLightning Protection and Electromagnetic Compatibility

Airbus

EMC of Portable Electronic Devices

(PED) on AircraftAn Overview with Special Attention to Cargo Tracking

Devices

Thiemo Stadtler, Robert Kebel

IATA Digital Cargo Conference

2020

Progress in usage of Portable Electronic Devices (PED) on Aircraft

SEP-2017 Progress in Usage of Portable Electronic Devices (PED) on Aircraft79

Sources / Copyright

PED Pictures from wikipedia, authors: „flyout“ „joho345“, „bin im Garten“,

„Seqqis“, „Evan-Amos“, „Donaldoleforo “, „JHeuser“, „1971markus“ and „Anders“

A350/A380 picture: AIRBUS S.A.S. 2016 - MASTERFILMS - HERVE GOUSSE

Helicopter picture: AIRBUS S.A.S. 2017 - FABRE LORETTE

Diamond DA20 picture from wikipedia, author: „Adxp“

Medical-PEDs (different rules)

General Aviation

(different rules)

Cargo Tracking Device,

(different rules optional)

Tracking devices

A tracking device may be used to track

• Location

• Temperature

• Integrity

of

• Baggage

• Packages

• ULDs

Tracking devices in this presentation are PEDs (Portable electronic devices)

• Not installed or fixed in/on the aircraft

• Not part of the certified aircraft configuration

• Not connected to aircraft power

The scope of this presentation is EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) of the tracking device with the aircraft.

Other aspects (like battery specifications) also have to considered by the operator of a flight transporting the device.


Background: Coupling


1. Direct Illumination

Back Door Coupling

of intentional transmissions

to aicraft electronics

2. Indirect Coupling

not an issue

because of PED

frequencies

3. Coupling to receivers

Front Door Coupling

of spurious emissions

to aircraft antennas

Background: HIRF

• High Intensity Radiated Fields

• Electromagnetic fields created by sources outside of the aircraft

− Radars

− Radio towers

• 10kHz – 40GHz

• Since the 1980s aircraft are systematically certified against the HIRF environment

− EASA/FAA HIRF regulations

− JAA HIRF special conditions (CRIs)

− FAA HIRF special conditions

• Generally aligned test levels to the criticality of the equipment

• Before 1980s:

− Critical systems are mechanical and therefore naturally immune to HIRF

− Later installed critical electronic systems on pre-1980s aircraft: HIRF environment is considered (Airbus)

• All large transport category aircraft flying today are safe in the HIRF environment


History of the PED tolerance standards for aviation

SEP-201783

ED-118

EU Commission defines conditions

for the operation of mobile

communication services on aircraft

1996

DO-233

2003 2006

DO-307

ED-130

2008

DO-294

DEC 2016

DO-307A*

DO-363**

2004

ED-239*

ED-130A**

First Airbus with an onboard mobile

communication base station

First time identical

standards

RTCA and EUROCAE

Even earlier:

1963: DO-119 [1]

1988: DO-199

SC-234

WG-99

Joint Committee

SC-234/WG-99

2014-2016

Progress in Usage of Portable Electronic Devices (PED) on Aircraft

RTCA: Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (USA)

EUROCAE: European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment (Europa)

Reference:

[1] Bruce Donham: „Interference from electronic device“, Aeromagazine, The Boeing Company, March 2000

http://www.google.de/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiXjs7NxO_VAhWC1hoKHXbWD2oQjRwIBw&url=http://workspace.rtca.org/&psig=AFQjCNHobjyv6x2T6brGaXGwF4VztpZKdA&ust=1503652104033400

History alternative / optional evaluation of cargo tracking devices

SEP-201784

ED-118

EU Commission defines conditions

for the operation of mobile

communication services on aircraft

1996

DO-233

2003 2006

DO-307

ED-130

2008

DO-294

DEC 2016

DO-307A*

DO-363**

2004

ED-239*

ED-130A**

First Airbus with an onboard mobile

communication base station


standards

RTCA and EUROCAE

Even earlier:

1963: DO-119 [1]

1988: DO-199

SC-234

WG-99

Joint Committee

SC-234/WG-99

2014-2016

Progress in Usage of Portable Electronic Devices (PED) on Aircraft

RTCA: Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (USA)

EUROCAE: European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment (Europa)

Reference:

[1] Bruce Donham: „Interference from electronic device“, Aeromagazine, The Boeing Company, March 2000

2013

FAA Aviation Rulemaking

Committee for PEDs

Appendix E

2013

EASA Part-CAT.GEN.MPA.140

Portable Electronic Devices

§ (d) 3.

2014


standards

RTCA and EUROCAE

ED-130 A § 3.7

http://www.google.de/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiXjs7NxO_VAhWC1hoKHXbWD2oQjRwIBw&url=http://workspace.rtca.org/&psig=AFQjCNHobjyv6x2T6brGaXGwF4VztpZKdA&ust=1503652104033400

How to analyze if aircraft is PED tolerant (as per regulations)?

Front Door Aspect

• Check if aircraft has passed test as per

− ED-130A / DO-363 section 5

or

− ED-239 / DO-307A section 4

or

• Perform front door test or analysis as per

− ED-239 / DO-307A section 4

− Involve experienced external experts to reduce effort


Back Door Aspect

• Check if the aircraft is certified against HIRF at TC as per

− EASA/FAA HIRF regulations

or

− JAA HIRF special conditions (CRIs)

Refer to TCDS or manufacturer documentation

or

• Perform backdoor test as per ED-130A / DO-363

Make sure to follow instructions for continued airworthiness to maintain PED tolerance of aircraft

- ED-239 / DO-307A section 5

Any aircraft: How to evaluate the tracking devices?

EUROCAE / RTCA standard method

For EMC of tracking devices on aircraft not demonstrated PED-tolerant:

ED-130A / DO-363 §3.7 provides an alternative way to assess tracking devices

• RF spurious emissions must be below DO-160D (or later revisions) S21 Cat M/H.

• RF intentional transmissions

− Must be below 100mW EIRP

or

− Must be switched off in flight by two independent means

• Additionally the RF intentional transmissions must be limited to short periods of time (less than 0.1%)

• The airline must receive and review specific documentation from the supplier of the tracking device.

• The tracking device manufacturer can prepare a “document package” for the operator to allow the tracking device on board.

See also advisory material of local authorities


Any aircraft: How to evaluate the tracking devices?

EUROCAE / RTCA standard + EASA + FAA method

For EMC of tracking devices on aircraft not demonstrated PED-tolerant:

“Worst case” combination of ED-130A / DO-363 §3.7 + FAA AC 91.21-1D + AMC1 CAT.GEN.MPA.140

• RF spurious emissions must be below DO-160D (or later revisions) S21 Cat H.

• RF intentional transmissions

− Must be below 100mW EIRP

or

− Must be switched off in flight by two independent means

• Additionally the RF intentional transmissions must be limited to short periods of time (less than 0.1%)

• The airline must receive and review specific documentation from the supplier of the tracking device.

• The tracking device manufacturer can prepare a “document package” for the operator to allow the tracking device on board.

See also advisory material of local authorities


Guidance material of today

• RTCA DO-363 (change 1) / EUROCAE ED-130A Ch1 "Guidance for the use of portable electronics

devices (PEDs) on board aircraft"

• RTCA DO-307A / EUROCAE ED-239, "Aircraft design and certification for portable electronic device

(PED) tolerance"

• FAA AC 91.21-1D, "Use of Portable Electronic Devices Aboard Aircraft"

• FAA AC 20-164A, "Designing and Demonstrating Aircraft Tolerance to Portable Electronic Devices"

• EASA CM-ES-003 i1, "Certification memorandum, Guidance to certify an aircraft PED tolerant"

• EASA Part-CAT AMC/GM - Issue 2 - Amendment 16 (Annex to Decision 2019-008-R), "AMC1

CAT.GEN.MPA.140 Portable electronic devices“


Summary

From EMC point-of-view all tracking devices can be transported on PED tolerant aircraft

• Without further EMC analysis

• Airlines should evaluate their fleet for PED tolerance

If the fleet includes aircraft without PED tolerance demonstration

• Airlines should request information packages from the tracking device manufacturer

• Check tracking device data as per guidance material

Latest harmonized RTCA and EUROCAE standards (ED-130A/ED-239/DO-307A/DO-363) allow simple EMC demonstration

of PED tolerance and include cargo tracking devices:

• Guidance material for PED-tolerance is widely accepted by authorities

• Unfortunately the high amount of (outdated) material leads to misunderstandings

• Therefore: Do not create more standards, refer to the right ones!

Notes:

• Despite the wording “non-PED-tolerant”, “non-HIRF”, “partial-HIRF”: Part 25 aircraft are generally save in HIRF and PED

environment. “Non-PED-tolerant” means the PED tolerance demonstration has not (yet) been performed.

• Apart from the EMC, other aspects of tracking devices have to be evaluated: e.g. Battery specification


Thank you

(C) AIRBUS S.A.S. 2017

Detail differences between old and new standard


DO-307 (2008) DO-307A (2016)

DO-160 Radiated Susceptibility tests:

Cat R: 20/28V cw/sw, 150V pulse (0.1% duty cycle)

Cat T: 5V cw/sw

NEXT EPISODES

Episode 2

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Episode 4

Episode 5

Episode 6

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Digital Connectivity22 September 14:00 – 15:30 (CEST)

Interactive Cargo24 September 14:00 – 15:30 (CEST)

Customs/Mail29 September 14:00 – 15:30 (CEST)

Hackathon1 October 14:00 – 15:30 (CEST)

Thank You

Contact us at:

[email protected]

Website:

iata.org/interactive-cargo


http://www.iata.org/interactive-cargo/

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