IxD4D

Interaction Design for the 4th Dimension

Maria Cordell@mcordell

interaction10feb 7, 2010 | savannah, ga

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#ixd4d

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Find :: Assess :: Request

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Matching search

results are

presented.

5Catherine searches for

assets using multiple

criteria.

Catherine

Marketing Manager

Advanced Search

Results

Asset Name

Asset Name

Asset Name

AdShare

Repository

Asset Name

Minim facilisi tation ut hendrerit

dolore vulputate vel consequat

euismod velit quis dignissim in

blandit, nonummy. Eu at, lobortis ea

Request

Philip

Creative Supervisor

Request Form

Minim facilisi tation ut hendrerit

dolore vulputate vel consequat

euismod velit quis dignissim in

blandit, nonummy. Eu at, lobortis ea

Request

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3

Catherine notices that one of the

assets listed has been marked as

"Best In Class". She selects the

asset to view record information.

After reading all the

associated information,

Catherine selects "Request"

to request a hi-res copy of

the asset from the system

that created it.

AdShare sends an email to

Philip, the original asset's

owner, containing Catherine's

request.

Features

A Advanced Search

B Best In Class

C

D

Request Asset Form

Email Notification

A

B

C

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/doctorow/

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usability

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usability utility

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usability utility usefulness

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usability utility usefulness+ =?

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Itzhak Perlman

10 Portrait Source: Akira Kinoshita

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usability utility usefulness

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- specific tasks- speed / ease- completion- limited scope

- requirements- feature lists- use cases- performance

?

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-- Jon KolkoThoughts on Interaction Design

“…if designers focus only on the low-hanging fruit of functionalism or usability, the human experience with designed objects is destined to a level of mundane banality.”

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temporal slice

Temporal Slices

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broaderview

temporalslice

Temporal Slices

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Time Domains

15 http://www.flickr.com/photos/schepers/258428249

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Time...• is flexible, like rubber

• is both familiar and mysterious

• is both concrete and fluid

• has directional flow

• shapes understanding

• has relative meaning

• is an enigma

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David EaglemanBaylor College of MedicineNeuroscientist and author

“Time is much weirder than we think it is.”

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Perception

For others, task was terminated after just 5 minutes

For some, task length was actually 20 minutes

Sigh. Is it time for

lunch yet?

Time flies when you’re having fun!

Participants are told they’re to perform a “10-minute” task.

All were told they’d spent 10 minutes on the task. Participants who thought the task had gone by “quickly” reported it as more enjoyable.

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IxD4D Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/stevenduong/4081192022

Irreversibility

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IxD4D Image: John Grimsley, a.k.a. HamWithCam

Entropy

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Newton Maxwell

Einstein

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Newton Maxwell

Einstein

No limits on speed for anything

Speed of light is a constant

What does this mean?

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Special Relativity in a Nutshell

• The laws of physics are the same for any two observers- no matter how fast they’re moving with respect

to each other

- as long as they’re moving at constant speed (not accelerating)

• The speed of light is always the same- no matter your own speed

- or the speed of the object that emits that light

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As a Result...

• Time dilates- moving clocks slow down

• Lengths compress - in the direction of motion

• Mass increases- (we’ll skip this bit)

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When both the train and the observer are stationary, the train passenger and an observer on the ground measure ticks of the clock and record same time interval during each cycle of the clock.

Stationary train with “light beam” clockClock measures time by means of a light pulse moving up and down between two mirrors.

I got x, too

Observer

mirror

light source & mirror

I got x

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The observer sees the light pulse trace out a diagonal path. The speed of light is constant, so the observer measures a greater interval during each tick of the clock and concludes the clock is running slow. The passenger sees no change from the stationary case.

Train traveling at near the speed of light

Observer

I measured y

I got x

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Relativity of Events

x

y

v

x'

y'

x

y

S

S'

S

S'event

If S = S', an event is identified as occurring in the same place and time, with the same spacetime coordinates: (x, y, z, t).

If S' is moving relative to S, an event is identified as occurring with different spacetime coordinates. For S: (x, y, z, t) and for S': (x', y', z' t').

event

event

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2D snapshotsof Earth orbiting the sun

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diagrams from Professor John Horton http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/

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layered into a3D stack

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diagrams from Professor John Horton http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/

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The time axis shows 4D

spacetime!

world line of the sun

world line of the Earth

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diagrams from Professor John Horton http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/HPS_0410/

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Light Cone

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IxD4D Source: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/particles/expar.html#c2

Feynman Diagrams

RichardFeynman

Spacetime diagrams for documenting elementary particle interactions.

The basic diagramcomponents.

All electromagnetic interactions can be described with combinations of primitive diagrams like this one.

Feynman diagram for like-charge repulsion.

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e+e‒ ⟶ 2ɣ

Electron-Positron Annihilation

Source: Wikipedia33

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Penguin Diagram

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Time-based Models

• Fields- Applied mathematics

- Biology

- Electrical engineering

- Statistics

- Economics

- Finance

- Business

- Geophysics

- Landscape design

• Applications- Predictive modeling

- Forecasting

- Trends analysis

- Historical mapping

- Performance

- Waveform analysis

- Signal processing

- Monitoring

- Audio Engineering

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exponential growthy = 2x

linear growthy = 50x

cubic growthy = x3

Rates of Change

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Time Series

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IxD4D Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/altemark/

Oscilloscope: Voltage amplitude over time

Time-based Waveforms

t

E

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Temporal Experience of Place

39 Mount Diablo, California. Source: Maria Cordell

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“Landscape architects tend to think dynamically and in space-time relationships.

They are sensitive to the changing character of spaces from day to night, with seasons, and through succession.

They speak not of ‘what the space is’ but of how it is experienced as one moves from place to place—the temporal experience of the place.”

-- John MotlochIntroduction to Landscape Design

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Designed Place

41 Source: Introduction to Landscape Design

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Temporal Foundations of Landscapes

• Scale- from geologic (geologic uplift) to recent change (stream

erosion or a fallen tree)

• Sequence- natural change undergoes somewhat predictable change

- cultural change is less predictable; based on differences in populations, attitudes, and perceptions

• Rhythm- diurnal, seasonal, successional, weather, and climatic

- nature’s purest statement of system and process

- movement toward some future condition

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Landscape as Story

• Sequential experience of landscape can be designed as story- each space is revealed to advantage

- through serial discovery

- unwrapping a temporal experience

• An evolving story line choreographs the viewer’s movement through a space, accounting for- mode of transportation

- character of path

- designed mood of place

- user behavior

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Story Lines

44 Source: Introduction to Landscape Design

Casual Formal

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“Landscape designers can manage materials and arrangements to create interesting spatial expressions and visual relationships in all seasons, and landscapes that change with season in a rich temporal choreography.” -- John MotlochIntroduction to Landscape Design

Temporal Choreography

Mount Diablo, California. Source: Maria Cordell

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Thinking Temporally

• Experience is inherently temporal• Design decisions have long term effects• Design-to-user dialog is ongoing• User characteristics change over time

- perspective / perception

- skill / responsibility

- motivations

- interest

• Context, purpose, and meaning evolve• Time and space are inextricably linked

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Contextual Landscape

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job

user

job

user

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Designed Place

48 Source: Introduction to Landscape Design

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Long Term Dialog

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“The importance of understanding the long term dialog that occurs with a product focuses around the cultural methods of use and misuse that a person engages in with this object. Indeed, long term dialog may be exponentially more important than short term usability.” -- Jon KolkoThoughts on Interaction Design

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It’s about getting beneath the surface of

functionality and behavior into the messy emotional,

symbolic, mythical, habitual crap that constitutes three-

quarters of normal people's existence.

Stephen Taylor@anomalogue

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New Ethnographer’s Toolkit

• Developed by Chris Khalil, Australia-based user experience architect (www.chriskhalil.com)

• Captures key points user’s online experience• Good for studying online behavior• Ensures a realistic, natural record of participant’s

life online• Recording mechanism is in same medium and

context as the target design• Enables mental modeling based on authentic

goals, behaviors, and motivations

51 Source: http://www.chriskhalil.com/

IxD4D Source: http://www.chriskhalil.com/52

• Twitter• Facebook• Email• IM• Blogs• RSS• Mobile

Khalil: Digital Fingerprints

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Toward Long Term Understanding

• Product fit over days, weeks, months

• User needs over time

• Relationships between tasks and larger objectives

• Product fit into context layers

• Role in overall work or life activities

• Intended product lifetime

• Effect on temporal perception

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Temporally Aware Design

54 Image: Maria Cordell

• Design how the user uses time

• Mold subjective time• Use temporal scale• Choreograph temporal

experience

• Balance casual and formal • Set the tempo• Use locality • Think relativistically• Capture layers and

dimension

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Thanks for listening.

Maria Cordellmcordell@gmail.com@mcordellwww.flickr.com/mcordell#ixd4d