Interaction between Human and Smart-Objects Via Twitter by Utilizing Web-of-Things Concept

RELATORE CANDIDATOProf. Giandomenico Spezzano Harry Sunarsa 137351

UNIVERSITA DELLA CALABRIA

Corso di Laurea Specialistica in Ingegneria delle TelecommunicazioneFacolta di Ingegneria

TESI DI LAUREA

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Web-of-Things (WoT)

• Smart things can be abstracted as web services and seamlessly integrated into the existing web, and this trend is also known as Web of Things (WoT).

• Smart things disseminate information and communicate among themselves freely over the web.

• Promotes web to both cyber-world and physical-world services [1].

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RESTful Webservice

• REST (REpresentational State Transfer) was introduced and defined in 2000 by Roy Fielding in his doctoral dissertation.

• Provides a standard interface for remote interaction with the Smart Object

• Low complexity and loose-coupling stateless interactions.• The devices can be made as an integral part of the Web by

using HTTP as application layer• “everything" that offers services becomes a resource that

can be identified unambiguously using “URIs”.• (e.g. a temperature sensor is a resource of a sensor node)

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Integrate things to the Web

Direct Integration Indirect Integration

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Proposed Architecture

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• The workflow is a service orchestration• Workflow adopts standard languages such as

the Business Process Execution Language (BPEL)

• BPEL runs in the Sunflower system.

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The “things”

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• mote MICAz Crossbow MPR2400 that can provide different types of sensing (temperature, light, acceleration, sound, and magnetic).

• Built on an operating system, called TinyOS.• Programmed in nesC language. Components are like lists of events and

functions (called Interface)• communicates with each other via wireless connection (IEEE 802.15.4)• Base Station is connected to the PC via serial, USB or Ethernet.

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Smart-Object Gateway (SOG) [9]

• Represents the "glue" between REST and the Smart Object.

• Manages the Smart-Objects. • Abstracts the proprietary protocols or native

APIs of smart Object and offer uniform accessible web APIs over the Web by REST.

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Middleware

• Designed to ensure the accessibility of the SO and their resources in a transparent and ubiquitous manner.

• The developer of the application will not be aware of the SO location, but use them as mere local objects on which to invoke methods.

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• The architecture offers the possibility to create complex applications where interaction involves three entities: physical resources, internet resources (services) and human resources

• Twitter, a popular micro-blogging will be used as a platform to make interaction between human and the services exposed by Smart-Object

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Twitter

• Twitter is an online social networking service and micro-blogging.

• Limit posts from users, 140 character.• Allows interaction between people either one-

to-one or one-to-many• can be used to share the information and also

crowd-sourcing• Twitter API: REST API and Search API

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Twitter Listener

• Built using Twitter4j library for Twitter API (REST API).• It has function to listen to every incoming tweet

Function FormatCheck:Used to check the individual Smart-Object value

[@twitterUser][space][check];[ smartobjects ID] for multiple smartobjects separated by comma [,]Ex. @icarunical check;sensor1,sensor2

Set-Rule:Used to set the condition for the Smart-Object that will be used in the subscribe function

[@twitterUser][space][setrule];[rule] ;[rule name]Ex.1. @icarunical setrule;sensor1<100000&sensor2<100000;AndRule2. @icarunical setrule;sensor1<100000|sensor2<100000;ORRule

Publish/Subscribe:Used to subscribe to a specific rule, and it will return the result if the event is occurred

[@twitterUser][space][subscribe];[rule name] Ex. @icarunical subscribe;AndRule

Actuating:Used as actuator to a specific Smart-Object

[@twitterUser][space][act];[smartobjects ID];[param] Ex. @icarunical act;display_desk0;[text=message]

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Application Example

• Simulation of Smart-Room Environment • Consists of Several Smart-Objects, Such as:– Smart-Door– Smart-Desk– Smart-Chair– Smart-Wall

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• Survey FunctionFunction FormatAsk:Used to broadcast the question.

[@twitterUser] Ask;[duration];[question] Duration – the duration of the survey. In Minute length.Ex: @icarunical Ask;10;where is ICAR ?Note:

- The message can be viewed by all followers (open to public), it asks followers to participate (only for those who want) in the survey.

- The duration of the survey will be 10 minutes.- The question can be anything- The question will be published also on the active Smart-Desk

Answer:Used by participant to respond question of the survey.

[@twitterUser] ans;[answer]Ex: @icarunical ans; cubo 41, first floorNote:

- The answer will only valid within the duration of the survey that has been published earlier.

- At the end, the result of the survey will be published both on twitter and also to the active Smart-Desk in the Smart-Room.

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• When a survey is started the system will do two things:– Check the presence of the person. The service will do check about the existence of user by interrogating

each smart-chair whether someone is present and sitting on his chair.– Display message If the check result says that “On”, system will do acting (turn the

display on in order to publish the survey message).

• Every answer to a survey will be polled to generate the statistical summary

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Architecture with Sunflower

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Workflow

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Architecture w/out Sunflower

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Simulation result Snapshot

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Conclusion

• Interaction involves three entities, such as: Human, Services and smart-object.

• There are three basic services that are covered, such as:– Monitoring:

• This service enables user to do monitoring about the surrounding (condition of the SOs), either arbitrary checking or subscribing to the specific rule

– Setting-Rule• This service enable user to set the rule of some particular SOs in order to

create the event and get the notification whenever it occurs.

– Actuating:• This service enables user to set the value of a SO in order to stimulate the

surrounding.

• The architecture is reactive