intensive airborne research in amazonia – (iara) as part...

Intensive Airborne Research in Amazonia – (IARA) as part of GOAmazon2014

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Beat Schmid, ARM Aerial Facility Technical Director Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Richland, WA

G-1 in GOAmazon2014 (Intensive Airborne Research in Amazonia - IARA)

Location: Manaus, Brazil Manaus Eduardo Gomes, SBEG,

Runway 8858 ft*148 ft Mission Dates

IOP1: 40 days. Feb 16th - March 27st , 2014 IOP2: 40 days. Sep 1st - Oct 10th , 2014

Aircraft G-1 aerosols, clouds, gases and radiation German HALO aircraft for IOP2

(ACRIDICON)

G-1 (BMI owned, ARM base-funded, PNNL based and managed, for the

science community)

Length 19.4 m Wingspan 23.9 m Height 7.1 m Maximum gross weight 16,330 kg Maximum Range 4000 km Maximum Endurance 9.5 hours Ceiling 7.6 km Crew capacity 7 max, 2 pilots + 3-5 scientists Research Power 700A @ 28 VDC (incl. 85A @ 115 VAC) Cabin space 15.3 m2 Cabin payload 1,900 kg Endurance with full payload 4-5 hours Research speed 100 m/s

Aircraft and Atmospheric State Parameters Trace Gases

H2O Real time Volatile Organic Compounds CO CO2, CH4

O3

NO, NO2 and total NOy

Aerosol Properties Total Concentration Size Distribution (30 nm – 3 µm) Cloud Condensation Nuclei Concentration Optical Properties (absorption, scattering) Size resolved physico-chemical composition

Cloud Properties Liquid water, total water, ice water Size Distribution (2 µm to 2 cm)

Radiation Up and down-welling broad-band solar

G-1 GOAmazon2014 Payload (High Level Summary)

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G-1 GOAmazon Payload (v4.4) (Detail)

Instrument Measurement Platform Pos/Vel/Attitude

Trimble DSM 223 position/velocity @ ~10Hz

Trimble TANS 10Hz 720 Receiver pitch/roll/azimuth

Atmospheric State

Rosemount E102AL temperature

Rosemount 1201F1 static pressure

Rosemount 1221F2 (3x) gust probe, differential pressure (dynamic, alpha, beta)

GE-1011B chilled-mirror hygrometer dew-point temperature

Maycom TDL absolute humidity

AIMMS-20 5-port air motion sensing: true air speed, altitude, angle-of-attack, side-slip, T, RH

Inlet

Aerosol Isokinetic Inlet sample stream of dry aerosol, sizes < 5 microns

Rosemount 102 GE-1011B Gust Probe Aerosol Isokinetic Inlet

Aircraft and Atmospheric State Parameters

AIMMS-20

Aerosol Concentration and Size Distribution

Instrument Measurement Aerosol

UCPC TSI 3025 total particle concentration (> 3 nm)

CPC TSI 3010 total particle concentration (> 10 nm)

FIMS aerosol size distribution (30-300 nm)

UHSAS-A aerosol size distribution (60-1000 nm)

PCASP aerosol size distribution (130-3000 nm)

CPCs

FIMS

PCASP


UHSAS

Aerosol Optical Properties and Radiation

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Nephelometer (TSI 3563) aerosol scattering, 3λ

Particle/Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) aerosol absorption, 3λ

SPN-1 unshaded upwelling shortwave radiation global, broadband SPN-1 unshaded downwelling shortwave radiation global, broadband SPN-1 shaded downwelling shortwave radiation global and diffuse,

broadband Nephelometer


SPN-1

Aerosol Composition and Make-Up

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HR-ToF-AMS Size-resolved aerosol composition

Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) Counter CCN concentration at 2 super-saturations


Gases

Instrument Measurement Gases

Quadrupole Ionicon PTR-MS real-time VOC

CO analyzer Carbon Monoxide

Oxides of Nitrogen Instrument NO, NO2 and total NOy

Thermo Environmental Model 49i O3

PICARO Cavity Ringdown Spectrometer CO2, CH4, H2O


Cloud Properties

Instrument Measurement

Water Content

WCM-2000 Liquid, total and ice water content Size Distribution

CPI Images of cloud particles 2 to1000 µm

Fast-CDP Size Distribution 2 to 50 µm

CDP Ver 2 Size Distribution 2 to 50 µm

2DS Size Distribution 10 to 3,000 µm

HVPS-3 Size Distribution 400 to 50,000 µm


Other

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Instrument Measurement Other

Cockpit Video Camera Movies 1 frame/sec (adjustable)

Weather radar Cockpit display of precipitation returns

SEA Data System Central Data System

Iridium Satellite Modem Limited data link to ground station

Radar Altimeter Altitude above surface

Honeywell 67A ACAS III Traffic Collision and Avoidance System

TAWS Landmark TAWS8000 Terrain Awareness and Warning System

Stormscope WX500 Lightning Detector


S 02 02.64 W 061 53.06 MAN 311/122dme

S 04 13.02 W 061 53.06 MAN 248/127dme

S 02 02.64 W 058 55.11 MAN 063/94dme

S 04 13.02 W 058 55.11 MAN 146/102dme

Boundary Box with Waypoints of all 23 flight plans

73 nm 274/094 magnetic



Flight Plan #7 1:35 to complete one pattern.

7 legs. Based off of T-1 site Oriented 90 degrees from T-1 to T-3 line S02 51.11

W060 02.07

S03 20.55 W059 56.33 S03 22.84

W060 08.13

S02 58.21 W060 38.74

S02 55.68 W060 25.66

S03 25.13 W060 19.92 S03 27.66

W060 33.01

S02 53.39 W060 13.86

S03 00.50 W060 50.54

S03 29.95 W060 44.81

S03 02.70 W061 01.83

S03 32.24 W060 56.61

S03 34.32 W061 08.44

S03 04.78 W061 13.66




7 legs. Based off of T-1 site. Rotated 30 degrees

Flight Plan #7b +30 Degrees 1:35 to complete one pattern.

May interfere with arrival traffic

S02 51.65 W059 54.31

S03 20.01 W060 04.09

S02 47.73 W060 05.77

S03 16.10 W060 15.45

S02 43.82 W060 17.03

S03 12.18 W060 26.81

S03 08.27 W060 38.17

S02 39.90 W060 28.39

S02 35.99 W060 39.75

S03 04.35 W060 49.53

S02 32.25 W060 50.62

S03 00.44 W061 00.89

S02 28.34 W061 01.98

S02 56.53 W061 12.25

Permission Process for DOE G-1 aircraft in Brazil

Oct 2010: ARM approves GoAmazon2014 Sep 2013: IARA fully approved (MCTI & Defense) Took almost 3 years First US research aircraft in Brazil since 1995 (SCAR-B)

RON KFXE

RON TJIG

Pasco - Manaus

Arrival into Manaus Landing Eastbound ILS/DME Y RWY 10

2000’ 1500’

G-1 IARA IOP1 (Feb/Mar 2014)

German HALO IOP2 (ACRIDICON)

Feb 14-16: 4 ferry legs, 16.2 hrs Feb 17: cleared customs Feb 18-20: re-install of external

sensors Feb 18: press conference Feb 20: VIP tour Feb 22 – Mar 23: 16 research

flights, 41.7 research hours Mar 27-29: 4 ferry legs, 20 hrs

G-1 IARA IOP1 (Feb/Mar 2014)


G-1 IARA IOP1


T3 T2

Aerosol Concentration Multiple research goals

Evolution of the aerosol and trace gas plume from Manaus

Aerosol/Cloud interaction Ice formation in the mid levels of

the troposphere Cal/Val of remote sensing

instruments at the T3 site. G-1 was able to reach

7.1km/23,400ft amsl w/ ambient temps of -12C

G-1 in GOAmazon2014 (IARA)


New Tech First AAF deployment of the Fast CDP (SPEC)

DOE AAF Cloud Probes (GoAmazon) F-CDP: 2-50 µm CDP: 2-50 µm 2D-S: 10-3000 µm HVPS-3: 150-19200 µm CPI: 10-2000 µm

2D-S HVPS-3

CPI FCDP

GoAmazon – 2014022a

FL1

FL2

FL3


On the lowest leg the G-1 flew in and out of the SCUD and rain showers. This resulted in a bimodal PSD shown above.

FL1


CPI 16:18:04 UTC

FL2


CPI 17:01:43 UTC

FL3

Aircraft Data

Local Share Drive

ARM IOPshare (at Oak Ridge)

Corrections Calibrations

Data QC

Preliminary Data Restricted Access

Merged Datasets Final Datasets README Files

Final ARM Archive (Open to

Community)

6 months after campaign end

ARM Aerial Facility Datasets

Quicklooks Preliminary

Datasets

Merged Datasets

IWG1 (best estimate) Aircraft position and atmospheric state

Flags (dilution, cloud flag, aircraft level flag)

Aerosol Merge Some aircraft parameters

Aerosol optical properties, concentration (CCN, CPC), Radiation

Cloud Merge LWC/IWC

Drop/Particle number

Aerosol and Cloud Distributions

All on a Common Time Stamp

RON KTLH

Manaus - Pasco

Changes for IOP2

G-1 cabin heat management Refine flight plans Coordination with G-V HALO Deconflict with other aerial assets

(Tethered balloons, Lagrangian balloon, Quadcopter, G-V, others?)

Communications (phone, internet)

ACRIDICON

Strategy: Sample …

- Below cloud,

- At cloud base at an early stage,

- In growing upshear parts

- The anvil region, and

- Above cloud top.

Mission Type 1: Cloud Vertical Evolution

Objectives: Observe …

- Vertical evolution of

cloud microphysical properties,

- Droplet/crystal growth and

freezing mechanisms,

- Warm and cold

precipitation formation.

Profile 3000-46000 ft: 1.5 hours 33

Leg 1 - Below Cloud Base (1500’)

Leg 2- In Cloud Base (4,000’)

Leg 4 – Near tops/Freezing Level (17,000’-18,000’)

Leg 3- In Clouds(10,000’)

T-2 GA09

GA13

Descend and Repeat

50nm

Flight Plan #5 Cloud Field

G-1 PERMISSION TO OPERATE IN BRAZIL FOR IOP2 HAS BEEN RESCINDED BY DOE DUE TO SAFETY OF FLIGHT ISSUE (TETHERED BALLOON)

Figure 3: Locations of tethered balloon launch sites. Aerostat Site #1 is located at the AMF1 ‘T3’ site, ‘Site #2’ is at the ZF2 site, and ‘Site #3’ is within the city limits of Manaus at the UEA campus

Risk Mitigation For Tethered Balloons and G-1

Air Ops Safety and Coord. Agreement signed by operators of balloons and G-1(PSU, PNNL, INPA, INPE)

Air Ops Committee (chaired by G-1 Ops Lead) Positive Communication G-1 will avoid ZF2 and UEA by 3 nm G-1 will only operate 1000-1500 local time. T3

balloon will operate outside these hours

Alternate Route in case of

Hurricanes in the

Atlantic Ocean or

Caribbean Sea

Route Overview

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Preferred Route: 30 AUG 2104 KPSC – KXNA (Fayetteville, AR): LEZLE Q152 WEDAK Q148 JUGIV CUGGA KIRKE J182 COODY. 4:55 enroute KLIT – KFXE (Ft. Lauderdale): RZC Q128 MEM J41 VUZ J151 CTY J91 INPIN J55 THNDR. 3:44 enroute. RON. 31 AUG 2014 KFXE – TFFR (La Raizet) DEKAL BR57V ZBV A555 COY R888 MODUX UR888. 5:15 enroute. RON. 1 SEP 2014 TFFR – SBEG (Manaus) PPR A312 TIM B681 BVI G678 MNS. 5:05 enroute. Enter Brazilian airspace at GEMOL intersection Depart TFFR at 1300z cross GEMOL at 1605z arrive SBEG at 1805z. Preferred Departure Route 10 OCT 2014 MNS G678 BVI G681 TIM A321 LEPOD G449 GESSO RTE7 SANLO. 5:40 enroute. Exit Brazilian airspace a GEMOL intersection. Depart SBEG at 1200z cross GEMOL at 1347z

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