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Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State University 1 05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

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Page 1: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State UniversityWORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER

IN A SUITCASE

Elliott Horch,

Southern Connecticut State University

1

05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

Page 2: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

Collaborators

SCSU Undergraduates:Matthew Camarata, now at Boston UniversityA.J. Guerra

Gerard van Belle (Lowell Observatory)

Joe Ritter (University of Hawaii)

Russ Genet (CalPoly)

Bruce Holenstein (Gravic, Inc.)

05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

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Page 3: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

Origins of Stellar Interferometry

1920’s: Albert Michelson builds first stellar interferometer by using two sub-apertures of Mt. Wilson 100-inch telescope.

Measured several stellar diameters.

Tried to extend the baseline, but mechanical issues prevented progress.

05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

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Page 4: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

How Optical Interferometry is Done Today…

05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

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Light is made to interfere prior to detection. (Michelson Interferometry).

Higher signal-to-noise, but expensive. Certainly NOT portable.

~300 m baselines. Much Larger? Hmmm…

Page 5: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

Intensity Interferomety There is a weak correlation in the

arrival times of photons when viewed by two different detectors. “Wave Noise.”

Related to beat frequencies, in the most extreme case.

This effect was used in astronomy in the 1970’s to measure diameters of bright stars.

One configuration of the two telescopes yields one Fourier component of the image

(well, |g|2).

But, huge collectors were needed to detect this weak signal on the photomultiplier tubes of the day.

5

Sydney University Stellar Interferometer

Photo: J. Davis

P.S.: Only two stations, So no imaging!

05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

Page 6: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

“Wave Noise”

05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

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Page 7: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

A lot has changed since 1974!S/N in Intensity Interferometry depends on

telescope size AND speed of electronics.

Timing capabilities today are about 1000x what they were in the 70’s.

Can achieve the same result today with a much smaller telescope! (Portable Instrument!)

7

05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

Page 8: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

Simulation Data

05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

8

Random Correlations

~| |g 2

Data “Frames” ~0.4 ms long(8192 elements)

Page 9: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

Intensity Interferometry Revisited9

Picoquant Picoharp 300timing module.

Two SPAD detectors

Issues: Small size, dead time.

05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

Page 10: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

Truly Portable

05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

10

53-m baseline

SPAD

Anderson Mesa(Lowell Observatory)

Perkins Telescope

Two runs: Dec 2011 & June 2012Issues: Focus, Sky Position, Temp.

Page 11: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

Lowell Set-up and Data

05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

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Page 12: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

Big Glass is getting cheap!

05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

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Page 13: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

Three-Station Wireless Interferometer at SCSU

05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

13

GPSComputer Cards:~0.5mssynchronization

Page 14: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

Dirty Beam Simulation

05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

14

FWHM ~ 0.1 mas uv-plane coverage6-hour observation

Page 15: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

Kitt Peak: Another Possibility?

05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

15

Mayall+WIYN(3.8m + 3.5m)~700m baseline

Page 16: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

SPAD Arrays

Deadtime and small size can be mitigated if you have many SPADs all looking at the same source.

Development of SPAD arrays is being started, e.g. the SPADlab at Everyphotoncounts.com

05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

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Page 17: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

Optics Package for an 8-channel station

05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

17

Grating

Flat

Flat

Coll.Lens

Filter

Reimager

SPAD Array

Page 18: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

Observation Time

05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA

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Page 19: Intensity Interferometry at Southern Connecticut State University WORKING TOWARD THE INTERFEROMETER IN A SUITCASE Elliott Horch, Southern Connecticut State

Conclusions Intensity Interferometry Opportunity Today

We’ve got intereting instrumentation for intensity interferometry: SPADs, Picoharp

Large Dobsonian Telescopes are affordable for on-campus observing.

Need to explore GPS Technology/atomic clocks for wireless operation.

Take timing correlator and the SPAD detectors to larger telescopes. “Interferometer in a suitcase.” Lowell: Already doing this.

Kitt Peak: A possibility for the future.

Science: Imaging close binaries, stellar surfaces Imaging an exoplanet transit? (One fine day…)

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05.13.2014 HBT Workshop @ OCA


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