intelligent vehicles: a global perspective · pdf filecamera (ut cluj) 77 ghz radar (vw) lidar...

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Intelligent

Vehicles:

A Global

Perspective

Richard BishopBishop Consulting

www.IVsource.net

Intelligent Vehicle Technology Transfer

Conference

NIST, April 2009

www.IVsource.netBishop Consulting 2

Why? Safety.

• Last 20 years: reducing crash effects

– Crashworthiness

– Occupant protection

• Next 20 years:

– Crash Mitigation

– Crash Avoidance


Road Crashes: A World Epidemic

• 1.4M deaths per year worldwide

• USA: 40,000 road fatalities annually

– Europe essentially the same

– Similar rate in Japan

• Crashes cost society $230B a year (US alone)

– about $820 per person

www.IVsource.netBishop Consulting

Fatality Rates Are Dropping

• USA: 2008 rate of 1.28 deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled

– Down from 1.37 in 2007

• Rate coming down in Europe

• Similar situation in Japan

• Europe has set a goal of a 50% reduction in fatalities by 2010 (compared to 2000)

– 20,000 fewer deaths

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European Road Fatality Trend


Crashes Happen!

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Crashes Happen!

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Beyond Safety:

Environment & Oil

• Reducing fuel use (and emissions) is THE topic

• Can intelligent vehicle technology contribute?

– Traffic jam assist

– Dynamic traffic micro-management

– Traffic-aware and slope-aware routing

– Predictive powertrain

– Supporting drivers in eco-driving

• Governments and car industry are starting to wake up

– Europe and Japan most active

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What’s on the Market Now?


On the Market….Trucks

• Adaptive Cruise Control

• Forward Collision Warning

• Blind Spot Monitoring

• Lane Departure Warning

• Night Vision

• Driver Alert (Fatigue)

• Emergency Braking

• Stability Systems (incl. Rollover

Prevention)

• Japanese government offers 50%

reimbursement of the cost of

emergency braking systems


On the Market: People Movers / Transit Buses

• Parking Shuttles

– Intelligent Multi-Modal Transit System (Japan)

– ParkShuttle (Netherlands)


On the Market: Guided Buses

• Guided bus systems

• operate in exclusive lanes

which are quite narrow

• automated steering

• driver handles throttle,

brakes

– CIVIS system (France,

US (Las Vegas))

– Phileas (Netherlands,

France)

– GPS Guidance:

Minnesota

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On the Market….Cars

• Electronic Stability Control

• Adaptive Cruise Control

• Forward Collision Warning

• Forward Collision

Mitigation (Emergency

Braking)

• Forward Collision

Avoidance (low speed)

• Blind Spot Monitoring

• Side Collision Prevention

• Lane Departure Warning

• Lane Departure Prevention

• Pedestrian Detection

• Night Vision

• Driver Alert (Fatigue)

• Backup Collision Avoidance

• Automated Parking

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Nissan Example

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BMW (Autoliv) Night Vision Video


Current Global Situation

• Autonomous Safety Systems

– On the market

– Strong momentum

– Gradually becoming more available

• moving from top-end to mid-range cars

– Regulations and safety ratings playing an increasing role

• Cooperative Safety Systems

– Strong momentum in research domain

• Automation

– “distant future”


Safety: High-Potential Areas

• How would the crash rate change if the IVSS systems now on

the market were on all new cars sold?

– ESC, ACC, FCW, LDW, BSW, CMBS

• Government role

– purchase incentives

– Regulation

– New Car Assessment Program (“star system” safety ratings)

• But are the systems selling?


What about Market Uptake?

• How popular are IV systems with the public?

• Does the average car-buyer know about these systems?

• If they know about them, do they understand what they do

and don’t do?

• Can the typical auto salesperson explain the systems

adequately?


“Thinking Cars:”

Raising Public Awareness

• A television documentary program about active safety

– funded by the European Commission

– produced by H3B Media

– Complete in 2009

– First broadcast expected in 2010

– www.thinkingcars.com

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Research Trends and

Topics

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Research Trends and

TopicsEUROPE


PReVENT: A „Virtual Safety Belt“

Completed 2007


Germany: AKTIV

• AKTIV (Adaptive and Cooperative Technologies for Intelligent Traffic)

• 2007 – 2010

• Funding: 60M euro

• “Sensitive Assistance”

– Active hazard braking

– Lateral monitoring and control system

– Intersection assistance

– Vulnerable Road Users

– Sensor baseline•


Car2Car

Communications

Consortium

• Mission:

– promote cooperative systems for safety

– establish an open European industry standard

– promote the allocation of a royalty-free European-wide frequency band

– enable the development of an open system supporting active safety applications and information services

– develop realistic deployment strategies and business models


Other European Projects

• Cooperative Vehicle-Infrastructure Systems (CVIS)

– 70M euro

– 60 partners

– Cooperative vehicle highway systems

• Both safety and non-safety applications

• SafeSpot

– 49M euro

– 20 partners

– Stronger focus on vehicle-vehicle communications for safety

• INTERSAFE2: Cooperative Intersection Safety

– 6.5 M€ / June 2008 – May 2011

• HAVE-IT

– 27 M€ / February 2008 – July 2011


CVIS

• Multi-media seamless connectivity

• Significant pre-deployment of roadside infrastructure

• Test sites are being established in

– France

– Germany

– Italy

– Netherlands/Belgium

– Sweden

– UK

• Sweden will sponsor a major CVIS demo at the 2009 ITS World

Congress in Stockholm.


SAFESPOT

• Applications

– Safe Lane Change Maneuvers

– Frontal Collision Warning

– Cooperative Situation Awareness

– Cooperative Tunnel Safety

– Cooperative Vulnerable Road User Detection

– Cooperative Anti-Rollover in a dangerous curve

– Cooperative Obstacle Detection in tunnel

– Predictive Speed Reduction in black spots

• Evaluation will be performed at test sites in Italy, Germany,

France, Sweden, and the Netherlands.


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Intersection Collision Avoidance:

INTERSAFE2

• 3 Demonstrators and a Driving Simulator

– 2 passenger cars (VW, BMW) and

– 1 heavy good vehicle (VTEC truck)

– dynamic driving simulator

• Bidirectional V2X communication and cooperative sensor data fusion

• Relative intersection localisation

• Intersection object tracking and classification

• Cooperative intersection scenario interpretation, risk assessment and warning/ intervention strategies


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Volkswagen Demonstrator

Stereo-

Camera

(UT Cluj)

77 GHz Radar

(VW)

Lidar Scanner

(Hella)

24GHz Radar

(VW-SMS)

Car2X

(VW-NEC)

GPS+ADAS-Map

(VW-Navteq)

Laserscanner

(IBEO)

24GHz Radar

(SMS)

Left Turn Assistance Right Turn Assistance

Traffic Light /

Right-of-Way AssistanceCrossing Assistance

Warning and Intervention!


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BMW Demonstrator

Vehicle requirements:

- supports active braking

- individually configurable displays +HUD for information and warning

Vehicle equipment:

- on-board sensors

- wireless communication

- rapid prototyping

platform Laserscanner

video camera

car2x-

communication

Left turn assistance


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VTEC Demonstrator

Technologies applied:• Sensors and sensor data fusion:

– Detection and classification of VRU

• I2V communication:

– with traffic signal

Protection of vulnerable road usersat intersections while truck is turning right

Warning and Intervention!


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Test Site Germany

• Test intersection on VW

proving ground

• Urban intersection in the city

of Wolfsburg

• Infrastructure-to-vehicle

communication

• Infrastructure sensing

• Demonstration activities

Testing on real intersection


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Test Site Sweden

• Urban intersection in the

city of Gothenburg

• Infrastructure-to-vehicle

communication

• Traffic safety function for

trucks

• Local demonstration

activities for trucks

Urban test intersection

www.IVsource.netBishop Consulting Courtesy HAVEit Consortium

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European HAVE-IT Project:

Optimum Driver Support for safety and energy

consumption Use of a virtual co-

pilot to manage the situations when the driver could be underloaded or overloaded

Use of driver state assessment --bringing assistance only when the driver needs it

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Research Trends and

TopicsJAPAN


Japan:

Pioneering Research in Cooperative

Systems

• Early work in Intersection Collision Avoidance

• Blind curves

– Successful program using roadside sensors/signs

– 70% reduction in crashes demonstrated at test locations


One-way com

Two-way com

Japan Intersection Collision

Avoidance

• Advanced Safety Vehicle

program

• Inter-vehicle

Communications

Source: S. Tsugawa, Meijo University


Forward obstacle

Forward Curve

Forward obstacle

Forward Curve

Forward Curve

Forward obstacle

Road surface

conditions

Forward obstacle

Forward Curve

Forward Curve

Route 246

Higashi-Meihan Expressway

Route 25

Tomei Expressway

Metropolitan Expressway

Forward Curve

Higashi-Meihan Expressway

Route 45

Road

Management

Japan: Field Operation Tests


Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and

Transport: Smartway Project

Graphic courtesy of MLIT

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Research Trends and

Topics

TRUCK PLATOONING


It’s All About Fuel Economy

• Global interest increasing due to fuel economy benefits of

close-headway following

• Truck Platooning Activity

– USA (California PATH)

– Japan (Energy ITS)

– Europe (French INNOFRET)

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Fuel Saved by Trucks Driving

in Close-Formation Platoons


Japan: Energy ITS

• Funded by Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and

Industry

– 2008-2012

• Objective: reduce CO2 emissions via automated vehicle

control

• System Integrator: Japan Automobile Research Institute

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Japan: Energy ITS

• 1. Development of Autonomous Driving System

– Safety and reduced emissions

• 2. Development of a Platooning system

– efficient logistics on main expressway

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Summary


Summary Points

• Safety paradigm has moved from crash protection to crash avoidance

• Increased public awareness essential to spur uptake

• Cooperative systems are the “next wave”

• New momentum in truck automation synergizes with military work

• Key technical challenges

– Intersection collision avoidance

– Driver-aware systems

– Increasing levels of automation

• Final word… make sure your next new car includes active safety!

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Thank you.

www.IVsource.net

[email protected]

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